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Date: April 27, 2024 Sat
Time: 10:41 am
new zealand
Time: 10:41 am
new zealand
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1351 total results foundAuthor: New Zealand. Prostitution Law Review Committee Title: Report of the Prostitution Law Review Committee on the Operation of the Prostitution Reform Act, 2003 Summary: The New Zealand Prostitution Act (PRA) and the follow-up study examines the impacts of decriminalization of sex workers' rights and safety. The purpose of the PRA was to decriminalize prostitution, create a framework to safeguard the human rights of sex workers and protect them from exploitation, promote the welfare and occupational health and safety of sex workers, contribute to public health, and prohibit the use in prostitution of persons under 18 years of age. Findings of the report show that there has been no rise in numbers of women working in sex work. It also shows that sex workers are now more likely to report incidents of violence to the police and other agencies, and that some police officers have gone out of their way to work with the sex industry. Details: Wellington: Ministry of Justice, 2008 Source: Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Decriminalization Shelf Number: 117149 |
Author: New Zealand. Department of Corrections. Policy, Strategy and Research Group Title: Over-Representation of Maori in the Criminal Justice System: An Exploratory Report Summary: This report examines the over-representation of Maori in various points of the criminal justice system in order to answer the question of why the numbers of Maori are so high. It also seeks to provide a basis upon which options to address the problem can best be formulated. Details: Wellington: 2007 Source: Year: 2007 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Criminal Justice Systems Shelf Number: 116512 |
Author: Mossman, Elaine Title: Responding to Sexual Violence: A Review of Literature on Good Practice Summary: This report responds to a request by the Ministry of Women's Affairs to the Crime and Justice Research Centre to conduct a critical literature review outlining international and New Zealand perspectives on good practice for services that respond to adult survivors of sexual violence. With regard to medical, criminal justice, mental health and support systems a different post-assault periods and in relation to diverse social and cultural groups, the specific objectives of this review were to: a) identify and critique good practice models within and across systems, internationally and in New Zealand; b) describe factors that promote good practice within and across systems; and c) identify New Zealand guidelines for dealing with adult victim/survivors of sexual violence. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Ministry of Women's Affairs, 2009 Source: Crime and Justice Research Centre; University of Wellington Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Criminal Justice Policy Shelf Number: 117382 |
Author: Robertson, Neville Title: Living at the Cutting Edge: Women's Experiences of Protection Orders. Volume 1: The Women's Stories Summary: This report examines the experiences of 43 Maori, Pakeha, Pasifika and other ethnic minority women who were victims of male partner violence, the impact of violence on them and their children, and their experiences of the justice system when they reached out for protection. Details: Waikato, NZ: University of Waikato, 2007 Source: Commissioned by the Ministry of Women's Affairs Year: 2007 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 115684 |
Author: New Zealand. Department of Corrections. Policy Strategy and Research Group Title: Maori Focus Units and Maori Theraputic Programmes: Evaluation Report Summary: This document reports on the findings of evaluations of the Maori Focus Units and Maori Theraputic Programmes. The main purpose of the evaluation was to measure the extent of positive learning and change amongst participants in both programs. Also examined were participant and staff views about the nature and quality of the program experience, analyses of occupancy rates, and assessment of these units' adherence to prescribed operating requirements. Details: Wellington, NZ: 2009 Source: Kahui Tautoko Consultancy Ltd Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Communities Shelf Number: 117379 |
Author: Mossman, Elaine Title: Key Informant Interviews: Review of the Prostitution Reform Act 2003 Summary: This report was commissioned to provide information for the review of the Prostitution Reform Act 2003 by analyzing data collected during interviews with brothel operators and Non-Governmental Organizations. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Justice, 2007 Source: Crime and Justice Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington Year: 2007 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Criminal Law Reform Shelf Number: 115791 |
Author: Kingi, Venezia Title: Review of the Delivery of Restorative Justice in Family Violence Cases by Providers funded by the Ministry of Justice Summary: This report was commissioned to review the delivery of restorative justice in family violence cases. The objectives of the review were to describe the nature and extent of the delivery of restorative justice in family violence cases across the restorative justice programs operating at five sites including: how selection of cases occurs; assessment of appropriateness of each referral; how the consent of participants is obtained; detail of the restorative justices processes; safety of participants; and the outcomes for individuals (both victim and offender) from the processes. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Justice, 2008 Source: Crime and Justice Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Violence Shelf Number: 115781 |
Author: Mossman, Elaine Title: Responding to Sexual Violence: Environmental Scan of New Zealand Agencies Summary: This report presents the findings of an environmental scan of agencies and key informants that respond to victim/survivors of sexual violence. The objectives of the environmental scan were to identify key informants' views on: factors influencing victim/survivors' access to the criminal justice system and non-criminal justice services; victim services' capacity to meet victim/survivors' needs, including gaps in services; victim services' views on what works to promote recovery and resilience; the impact of location on victim/survivors' ability to disclose sexual violence, particularly in respect of the level of services available locally, and have their needs met; police and prosecutors' views on attrition of recorded sexual violation offences and the effect of systemic, organizational and other contextual factors on investigating and prosecuting sexual violence offences. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Ministry of Women's Affairs, 2009 Source: Crime and Justice Research Center, Victoria University of Wellington Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Criminal Case Processing Shelf Number: 117391 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Women's Affairs Title: Restoring Soul: Effective Interventions for Adult Victim/Survivors of Sexual Violence Summary: This report is one of five from the Ministry of Women's Affairs' Sexual Violence Research Project. This overview report combines the findings that emerged from four interrelated research projects and considers the implications from a research perspective. The report focuses on 'what works' for adult survivors of sexual violence. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Women's Affairs, 2009. 89p. Source: Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Sexual Abuse Shelf Number: 117772 |
Author: Triggs, Sue Title: Responding to Sexual Violence: Attrition in the New Zealand Criminal Justice System Summary: This study assesses attrition in relation to adult sexual violation cases -- that is, what proportion and type of cases drop out at each stage of the criminal justice process in New Zealand. Survey data indicate that around nine in ten sexual violation offenses are not reported to the police. In addition, some offenses reported as sexual violation may not be recorded as such. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Women's Affairs, 2009. 93p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Rape Shelf Number: 115794 |
Author: Morrison, Bronwyn Title: Identifying and Responding to Bias in the Criminal Justice System: A Review of International and New Zealand Research Summary: This review summarizes international and New Zealand research findings on bias against ethnic minority and indigenous people at key stages of the criminal justice system. The discretion points examined include: stop and search, arrest, charging, prosecution, conviction, sentencing, custodial sentence management decisions with the prison system, and parole. The review is based on research published during the last 40 years, and concentrates exclusively on literature from Australia, Canada, England and Wales, the United States, and New Zealand. It focuses predominantly on the adult criminal justice system and examines decisions affecting offenders rather than victims. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Justice, 2009. 183p. Source: Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Bias Shelf Number: 117795 |
Author: Wehipeihana Title: Building Diversity: Understanding the Factors that Influence Maori to join Police Summary: A long established principle is that the police service ought to mirror the ethnic profile of the wider population in order to secure and maintain public confidence and police legitimacy. A key goal for New Zealand Police is to achieve equity and diversity in their workforce. This research focuses on exploring factors that influence Maori to apply to and join the New Zealand Police force. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2010. 79p. Source: Research Evaluation Consultancy Limited Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Police Officers Shelf Number: 118075 |
Author: New Zealand. Department of Corrections. Policy Strategy and Research Group Title: Te Ihi Tu Community Residential Centre: Evaluation Report Summary: The Te Ihi Tu community residential program receives referrals of higher-risk Maori offenders from both prisons and the Community Probation Service. The 13 weeks-long program is based on Tikanga Maori principles, and is designed to change attitudes, teach positive skills, and generally motivate offenders towards leading a non-offending lifestyle. This report presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the program. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Department of Corrections Source: Year: 0 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Community Based Corrections Shelf Number: 117344 |
Author: Duncan, Anne Title: Canterbury community policing small business robbery prevention case study Summary: This initiative, Small Business Robbery Prevention, was a cooperative and proactive response to a rise in local robberies of small businesses in the Canterbury region, most of which are owned and operated by people belonging to the Chinese, Korean or Indian ethnic groups. This case study documents the work that has been undertaken in relation to the Canterbury Small Business Robbery Prevention initiative and explores views of interviewees, both those engaged in delivering the initiative and those impacted by it, in relation to what has worked well, what hasn't, and where improvement could be made. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Police, 2009, 56p. Source: Internet Source Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Community Policing Shelf Number: 117817 |
Author: New Zealand. Law Commission. Title: Controlling and regulating drugs Summary: This issues paper traces the history of drug policy and regulation in New Zealand and reviews the current approach to drug control and regulation. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: Law Commission, 2010, 402p. Source: Internet Source Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Criminal Justice Policy Shelf Number: 117811 |
Author: Carswell, Sue Title: Evaluation of the Mental Health Initiative at the Rotorua Police Station Summary: The Police Consult/Liaison Nurse position at Rotorua Station (New Zealand) was regarded by interviewees as very effective for the timely assessment and facilitation of treatment for detainees/arrestees and was thought to contribute to better outcomes for these people. While the co-location of a mental health nurse with police provided the opportunities for effective intervention it was undoubtedly the way the Police Consult/Liaison Nurse at Rotorua developed and implemented her role that made it a success. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Police, 2008. 105p. Source: Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Mental Health Services Shelf Number: 117816 |
Author: Carroll-Lind, Janis Title: School Safety: An Inquiry Into the Safety of Students at School Summary: This report examines the issues of school violence and bullying in New Zealand Schools. The key finding of the report is that the most effective schools worked to improve their whole school environment, culture and ethos, rather than focusing solely on the bullies and students they bullied. Details: Wellington, NZ: Office of the Children's Commissioner, 2009. 155p. Source: Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: School Bullying Shelf Number: 114595 |
Author: Johnson, Mireille Title: Am I Who I Say I Am? A Systems Analysis into Identity Fraud in New Zealand Summary: This thesis examines the systems issues surrounding identity fraud in New Zealand. The research shows that New Zealand does have serious problems in its system, which in some cases facilitate identity fraud. There is a lack of synchronicity between New Zealand Government systems which undermines a whole of government approach to minimizing the risk of identity fraud. Issues in the private sector with identity fraud are just as serious, with financial advantage being one of the main reasons that identity fraud is committed. However, the lack of information sharing between the public and private sectors does not help stem the flow of identity fraud that is currently occurring. Details: Auckland, NZ: Auckland University of Technology, 2009. 193p. Source: Thesis, Institute of Public Policy Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Fraud Shelf Number: 118258 |
Author: Mayhew, Pat Title: Exploring Victimisation in Sole-Parent Households: Findings from the New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey 2006 Summary: This report presents further results from the 2006 New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey to look at the experiences of sole-parent households as victims of crime. The main focus of the report is on aspects of victimization risk among sole-parent households compared with other households with children. It looks at how the two family groups compared in regards to: their concern about crime; the coverage of and membership in Neighbourhood Support; and their awareness of agencies that can support victims. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Justice, 2009. 76p. Source: Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Single-Parent Families Shelf Number: 118368 |
Author: Legal Aid Review Title: Transforming the Legal Aid System: Final Report and Recommendations Summary: The legal aid system is essential to the operation of the New Zealand justice system: its effect extends beyond the individual who is represented by a legal aid lawyer. The legal aid system's operation can help the courts run smoothly, or it can bring the court system to a halt. The range and mix of services, and delivery method, can help people to resolve their problems, or can perpetuate social exclusion. The report found that the New Zealand legal aid system needs to be transformed for it to become more effective. While the legal aid system cannot control externally driven demand, it can control its own efficiency and effectiveness. Currently, the legal aid system faces a number of issues, which are acting together to cause system wide failures. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Justice, 2009. 120p. Source: Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Courts (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 117564 |
Author: Hammond, Kate Title: Drug Driving in New Zealand: A Survey of Community Attitudes, Experience and Understanding Summary: This resarch involved a review of the literature around drugs and driving, in-depth interviews with 12 key experts from around New Zealand with knowledge and experience from drug and alcohol and/or road safety sectors, and an internet survey of 1164 New Zealanders. Each of these phases focused on issues around prevalence of drug driving; driver impairment associated with drug use, attitudes and perceptions towards drug driving, and ways to reduce driving under the influence of drugs. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Drug Foundation, 2009. 99p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Driving Under the Influence (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 117302 |
Author: Knaggs, Trish Title: The Manukau Family Violence Court: An Evaluation of the Family Violence Court Process Summary: The family violence courts in New Zealand are a judicial initiative. The Manukau Family Violence Court, the focus of this evaluation, was established to address systemic delays in responding to family violence occurring in the Manukau District Court. This evaluation sought to identify aspects of this court process which were working well and those which required improvement, as well as to consider the extent to which the Manukau Family Violence Court was meeting its objectives. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Ministry of Justice, 2008. 110p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Courts (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 118541 |
Author: Nathan, Lavinia Title: Te Whakakotahitanga: An Evaluation of the Te Piriti Special treatment Programme for Child Sex Offenders in New Zealand Summary: This study represents an attempt to evaluate the Maori cultural component of the Te Piriti Special Treatment Unit, a unit aimed at providing a treatment program to all offenders in order to reduce sexual re-offending against children. There were two specific areas of interest: firstly, to assess the impact of the use of cultural components on the reoffending rate of sexual re-offending against children by Maori participants, and secondly to ascertain the degree to which processes and cultural systems have been successfully integrated into the program for Maori. Details: Wellington, NZ: Psychological Service, Department of Corrections, 2003. 57p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2003 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Sexual Abuse (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 118748 |
Author: Cunningham, Chris Title: Analysis of the Maori Experience: Findings from the New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey 2006 Summary: The 2006 New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey is the first to enable a detailed analysis of the Maori experience of crime victimization. This analysis allows us to understand victimization differences both between Maori and other New Zealanders and within the Maori population in 2005. The survey presents the following findings: Maori were more likely to be victims of crime than other New Zealanders, and Maori were more likely to be multiply victimized. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Justice, 2009. 116p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Statistics Shelf Number: 118732 |
Author: New Zealand. Department of Corrections, Strategy, Policy and Planning Title: What Works Not? A Review and Update of Research Evidence Relevant to Offender Rehabilitation Practices Within the Department of Corrections Summary: The principles of effective correctional rehabilitation can be divided into three major domains, namely risk, targets and responsivity. This review examines new research published over the last decade that relates to these three domains. In doing so, the approach taken was not limited to publications directly aligned with the "what works" paradigm; the goal was to consider all new evidence which relates to effective correctional rehabilitation. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Department 0f Corrections, 2009. 70p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Correctional Programs Shelf Number: 119149 |
Author: Kirkwood, Louise Title: Evaluation of the Christchurch City One-way Door Intervention: Final Report Summary: The Christchurch Central Business District (CBD) Alcohol accord was implemented from October 2006 to March 2007 to reduce alcohol-related violence and crime in the Christchurch CBD. An evaluation of the one-way door strategy, a key component of the Alcohol Accord, was commissioned jointly by the Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand (ALAC) and the Accident Compensation Corporation to determine the efficacy of the one-way door intervention to reduce alcohol-related crime and associated harms within Christchurch city. Details: Wellington, NZ: Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand, 2008. 178p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Shelf Number: 119216 |
Author: Kirkwood, Louise Title: Evaluation of the Whanganui-a-Tara Courts and Health (WATCH) Project: Final Report Summary: The Whanganui-a-Tara Courts and Health (WATCH) Project was implemented from October 2006 to March 2007 to reduce repeat offending and improve health outcomes for young adult offenders with high and implicative addiction needs. The evaluation findings are based on a range of data including review of relevant documentation, client file review and interviews with WATCH participants and their family/whanau, interviews with key stakeholders, and analysis of court data relating to number and types of charges faced. Details: Wellington, NZ: Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand, 2008. 77p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Shelf Number: 119265 |
Author: New Zealand Families Commission Title: Family Violence: Statistics Report Summary: This report brings together New Zealand's family violence statistics to establish a baseline against which future trends can be measured. Details: Wellington, NZ: Family Commission, 2009. 288p. Source: Internet Resource; Research Report No. 4/09 Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Statistics Shelf Number: 119211 |
Author: Peri, Kathryn Title: Elder Abuse and Neglect: Exploration of Risk and Protective Factors Summary: New Zealanders are increasingly concerned by the levels of violence in our society and in our families. Conversations with families and those who work with them have highlighted concerns about elder abuse and neglect. Since there has been limited research on this issue in New Zealand, the Commission is taking a systematic approach to finding out more about the experiences of older people. This report gathers the views of a wide range of different organizations, individuals and experts on how and why elder abuse and neglect occurs and what can be done to prevent it. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Families Commission, 2008. 69p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Elder Abuse and Neglect (New Zealand Shelf Number: 119287 |
Author: Beals, Fiona Title: Crime Families in the News: Exploring Media Reports of Young Offenders and Their Families Summary: This study examines the ways in which the families of young offenders were represented in New Zealand print media between 2002 and 2007. It comprises a literature review of studies on the representation of families in news media, a content analysis of published newspaper articles and a qualitative exploration on the types of constructions used in newspaper articles. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Families Commission, Blue Skies Fund, 2010. 37p. Source: Internet Resource; Blue Skies Report No. 33/10 Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime and the Press Shelf Number: 119288 |
Author: Reilly, James Title: Understanding Victimisation Risk: Findings from the New Zealand Crime & Safety Survey 2006 in an International Context Summary: This report presents further results from the 2006 New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey (NZCASS). It looks at what best explains why some social groups face higher victimisation risk than others. One of the purposes of the survey is to understand this better. The survey offers the most recent nationally representative data of its kind to do this. This report looks at which factors emerged as most important in relation to risk of burglary, vehicle crime (thefts of and from vehicles and vehicle interference), and confrontational (violent) crime. Confrontational crime was broken down into offences by: partners; people well known to the victim; and other offenders (strangers or those known casually or by sight). Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Ministry of Justice, 2009. 100p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Statistics Shelf Number: 119453 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Justice Title: Review of Street-Based Prostitution in Manukau City Summary: The review seeks to identify problems associated with street based prostitution in Manukau, particularly in Hunters Corner and around the Northcrest car park, establish what the causes are, and propose actions to mitigate these problems. The initial part of the review of street-based sex work in Manukau concluded that the issues are limited to very specific areas of Manukau City, (around Hunters Corner and Northcrest car park) in which an estimated maximum of 20 street-based workers work on any given night. The scope of the review findings is therefore limited to these two areas and aims to suggest a response to improve overall community safety and reduce community harm (including harm to sex workers) in the two areas. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Justice, 2009. 21p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Prostitutes Shelf Number: 119460 |
Author: Sabin, Mike Title: Solutions to the Methamphetamine Crisis in New Zealand: A Study of Supply and Demand-Side Interventions and their Efficacy Summary: Methamphetamine, now second only to cannabis for illicit drug use rates in New Zealand, is commonly smoked, injected, snorted and ingested orally, causing a rapid progression to addiction. Chronic use of the drug often leads to anti-social, violent behaviour and serious mental illness. The purity of methamphetamine is linked to the degree of associated harm, increases of criminal offending and adverse socio-economic consequences. Recent surveys of social and criminal trends links methamphetamine with increasing prison populations, court cases and social costs, with $551 million worth of loss within New Zealand thought to be caused by the drug in 2006; more than any other drug. In analysing ‘what works and what doesn’t’ on the global stage, in particular within the United States, it is clear that New Zealand’s national drug policy of the last 10 years which focuses on harm minimisation, has been, and will continue to fail. Alongside this, with the limited efficacy of the supply-side interventions enacted in New Zealand in the early 2000s, the precursor and chemical diversion schemes are in need of overhauling. It is clear that there is no-one-silver bullet, but it is apparent that in the absence of successful demand reduction Police and Customs will be largely ineffective at tackling the subsequent supply. It is apparent that in the absence of so many of the interventions being employed successfully elsewhere, New Zealand has limited opportunities or likelihood of resolving the methamphetamine crisis. Conversely this study has identified a range of strategies with proven efficacy which if actioned effectively have the potential to bring about rapid change in this country. These strategies include overhauling the national drug policy and abandoning the focus on harm minimisation in favour of an approach based on harm elimination, which encourages citizens, in particular youth, to reject drug use. The establishment of a national drug control policy office which accounts directly to the Prime Minister and ensures administration and accountability of all drug policy objectives and outcomes across all ministries. A refocus of policing priorities toward organised criminal entities and improved powers and legislation to address precursor supply and disrupt criminal markets. The implementation of drug treatment courts and widespread, accessible treatment, alongside effective education and screening intervention. And the introduction of coordinated and concerted youth education and screening programmes, which utilise random student drug testing, and a focus on encouraging youth attitudes and behaviours which reject drug use. Details: Mongonui, New Zealand: MethCon Group Limited, 2008. 87p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Drug Abuse and Crime Shelf Number: 119468 |
Author: Raguski, Mike Title: From Wannabes to Youth Offenders: Youth Gangs in Counties Manukau Summary: This research is part of a cross-sectoral, multi-faceted response to a call for significant government intervention in Counties Manukau after increased reports about escalating youth gang activity and violent assaults in the area. The first section of the research report outlines the methodology for the research, while the second section sets the context by looking at the demographic profile of Counties Manukau, and at definitions of youth gangs and the history of youth gangs in New Zealand. The third section looks specifically at youth gangs in Counties Manukau by profiling youth gangs, discussing whether the prevalence of youth gangs can be determined, and discussing factors that may contribute to youth gangs and youth delinquency. This third section also lists participants' suggested responses to the issues associated with youth gangs and youth delinquency. The report ends with an addendum that focuses on a plan of action, which is a key part of government's longer-term response. The plan sets out 26 actions that government is undertaking now to improve outcomes for young people in Counties Manukau and other key areas across Auckland, to better support young people to succeed. Details: Wellington, NZ: Centre for Social Research and Evaluation; Ministry of Social Development, 2006-2008. 24p.; 62p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Delinquency Prevention Shelf Number: 119556 |
Author: Smith, Leanne Title: Beyond the Holding Tank: Pathways to Rehabilitative and Restorative Prison Policy Summary: "Public debate around prison policy is often based on rhetoric and emotion rather than experience and evidence. Individuals and groups tend to be polarised or labelled as supporting ‘offenders’ or ‘victims’ or being ‘soft’ or ‘tough’ on crime. The aim of this discussion document is to cut through these false dichotomies. Starting with some facts about the effectiveness of our current prison system on reducing recidivism, this document points the debate towards more positive and rehabilitative prison practice." Details: Manukau City, New Zealand: Salvation Army Social Policy Unit, 2006. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 19, 2010 at: http://salvationarmy.org.nz/uploads/BeyondTheHoldingTank.pdf Year: 2006 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Correctional Institutions (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 110821 |
Author: Martin, Jennifer Title: Learning from Tragedy: Homicide within Families in New Zealand, 2002-2006 Summary: This report provides the first complete picture of homicide within families in New Zealand. It found that there were 141 homicides perpetrated by a member of the victim's family, intimate partner or ex-partner in New Zealand between 2002 and 2006 and that: Of the 141 deaths, 77 were couple-related homicides, 38 were child homicides and 26 were other family member homicides. On average there were 28 deaths from homicide within families per year over the five year period (fewer than eight of the victims were children each year). More of the victims were female (88) than male (53), however the perpetrators were overwhelmingly male, with 121 perpetrators male and only 28 female. There was a strong association between neighbourhood deprivation and homicides within families with higher numbers of homicides occurring in deprived neighbourhoods. There were 58 Māori, 51 New Zealand European, 17 Pacific peoples and 15 Asian victims. Fifty-two of the perpetrators or suspected perpetrators were Māori, 62 New Zealand European, 18 Pacific peoples, 12 Asian and 5 of unknown ethnicity. Analysis of trends over time suggests that the number of homicides within families has remained relatively stable between 2002 and 2006. The report also identified that: A woman is in greatest danger of being killed when she threatens or proceeds with a separation. Most children who are killed are killed before they turn five years of age, and nearly half are killed in their first year of life. Each of the deaths included in this study was a tragedy for the family and community in which it happened. Identifying all the within-family homicides in the five-year period and examining the common factors and the differences between them offers the opportunity to learn from these tragedies about how to protect future potential victims. This report identifies four key areas with potential for action to reduce within-family homicides: 1)Time of separation. This is a high-risk period when women, their children and their new partners can be at risk of lethal violence. 2). Shaken or assaulted babies. The first year of life is the time of highest risk of child death: more than one-third of the child victims had died within their first year. 3) Physical punishment. In a significant number of the child homicide cases the investigation and/or court processes reported that the assault was intended to punish specific behaviours of the child. 4) Alcohol or drugs. Drug and alcohol use was common as both a factor in perpetrators' backgrounds and as a factor at the time of the event. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, 2010. 81p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper: Accessed August 19, 2010 at: http://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/research/learning-from-tragedy/learning-from-tragedy-homicide-within-families-in-new-zealand-2002-2006.doc Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Homicide Shelf Number: 119635 |
Author: Warren, Julie Title: Te Hurihanga Pilot: Evaluation Report Summary: Te Hurihanga (The Turning Point) is a Ministry of Justice response to the problem of youth offending in New Zealand. It is a three-year pilot that reflects concerns about trends in youth offending and lack of suitable options open to the judiciary when dealing with some young offenders. The focus of this programme is to encourage young people to turn their lives around. It is a nine to eighteen month therapeutic programme for young males (aged 14 to 16 years at entry) who have appeared before the courts and who live within the Hamilton/Waikato region. The three-phased programme aims to: reduce re-offending; hold young people accountable for their offending; and provide tailored, specialist support to young people and their whaanau/families so they can make positive choices rather then continue on current (offending) pathways. This evaluation report provides the Ministry of Justice with findings from a two-year evaluation that began late June 2007 and was completed in July 2009. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Ministry of Justice, 2009. 181p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 22, 2010 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/t/te-hurihanga-pilot-evaluation-report/publications/global-publications/t/te-hurihanga-pilot-evaluation-report/documents/Te%20Hurihanga%20Pilot%20Evaluation%20Report.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Community Based Corrections Shelf Number: 118544 |
Author: New Zealand. Task Force for Action on Sexual Violence Title: Te Toiora Mata Tauherenga: Report of the Taskforce for Action on Sexual Violence Incorporating the Views of Te Ohaakii a Hine - National Network Ending Sexual Violence Together Summary: In July 2007, in response to public outcry about the acquittals in the rape trial involving Louise Nicholas and action by Te Ohaakii a Hine – National Network Ending Sexual Violence Together (TOAH-NNEST) a Taskforce for Action on Sexual Violence (TASV) was established. This report presents 71 recommendations to the government to prevent and respond to sexual violence. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Ministry of Justice, 148p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 23, 2010 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/policy-and-consultation/taskforce-for-action-on-sexual-violence/policy-and-consultation/taskforce-for-action-on-sexual-violence/documents/tasv-report-full Year: 0 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Rape (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 119663 |
Author: Towns, Alison Title: The Cultures of Cool and Being a Man: Getting in Early to Prevent Domestic Violence Summary: This study explored young men’s ideas about control, power and equality in boyfriend/girlfriend relationships and the social and cultural values and beliefs that contribute to these ideas. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2009. 155p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 23, 2010 at: http://www.nzfvc.org.nz/PublicationDetails.aspx?publication=14557 Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Violence Shelf Number: 119664 |
Author: Paulin, Judy Title: Evaluation of the Mental Health/Alcohol and Other Drug Watch-house Nurse Pilot Initiative Summary: The Watch-house Nurse (WHN) initiative began operating at the Christchurch Central and Counties Manukau Police station watch-houses on 1 July 2008 and 1 August 2008 respectively. The initiative is intended to run as a pilot project until 30 June 2010. The initiative places appropriately qualified nurses within these two watch-houses to assist the police to better manage the risks of those in their custody who have mental health, alcohol or other drug (AOD) problems. Where appropriate, the nurses also make referrals for detainees to treatment providers. This final evaluation report presents the findings about the WHN initiative during its first 18 months of operation. In doing so, it addresses the main objectives of the pilot, and intended outcomes of these objectives in turn. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2010. 147p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 23, 2010 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/2010-08-03%20WHN_evaluation_FINAL_ELECTRONIC.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Shelf Number: 119665 |
Author: Poulsen, Helen Title: Alcohol and Other Drug Use in New Zealand Drivers 2004 to 2009 Summary: The influence of alcohol on road crashes and fatalities has been acknowledged for many years. It is only in more recent years that the use of other types of drugs has been associated with road crashes. While illicit drugs such as cannabis and methamphetamine may dominate, prescription drugs such as sedatives and opioid pain killers can also impair driving skills. The prevalence of drugged driving in NZ is not known. The NZ legislation does not permit random stopping of drivers for the purposes of drug testing, making it difficult to obtain any reliable information about drug use in the general driving population. This study, designed to get a current picture of drug use in the NZ driving population, can be considered only as a pilot study because the driving population available to study is biased and limited. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2010. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 23, 2010 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/Alcohol%20and%20other%20drug%20use%20in%20NZ%20drivers%202010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Driving Under the Influence Shelf Number: 119666 |
Author: Clark, T.C. Title: Youth '07: The Health and Wellbeing of Secondary School Students in New Zealand. Findings on Young People and Violence Summary: Violence has significant health, social and economic costs for New Zealand communities. This report presents findings from Youth’07: The National Survey of the Health and Wellbeing of New Zealand Secondary School Students on how violence impacts on the health and wellbeing of young people and the factors that are associated with their exposure to violence. It discusses the role of protective factors in the lives of young people exposed to and involved in violent behaviours. The report presents findings from Youth’07 about: 1. The prevalence of a range of violent experiences and behaviours in various settings; 2. The experiences of students who witness violence; 3. The associations between experiencing violence, witnessing violence and being violent towards others; 4. Risk and protective factors associated with violence; and 5. Changes since the previous survey in 2001. Details: Auckland, NZ: University of Auckland, 2009. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 23, at: http://www.youth2000.ac.nz/publications/reports-1142.htm Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: School Crime Shelf Number: 119673 |
Author: New Zealand Police Title: Pursuit Policy Review Summary: This review takes into account the previous work undertaken in regard to pursuits and how they are managed. It examines international research and how it can be applied in a New Zealand context. The review also acknowledges where improvements can be made in the policy and assesses how other jurisdictions deal with this complex area of policing. From both the research analysis and assessment of the policies obtained for this report, a number of recommendations have been made, which, if adopted, will further enhance the policy, and ensure that the risks involved in a pursuit are mitigated as much as possible. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2010. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 24, 2010 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/New%20Zealand%20Police%20Pursuits%20Review%20-%20June%202010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Police Pursuit Driving Shelf Number: 119679 |
Author: Collins, Nicole Title: Operational Evaluation of the New Zealand Taser Trial Summary: The NZ Police Taser trial was conducted from 1 September 2006 to 31 August 2007 in the Police Districts of Auckland, Waitematā, Counties Manukau and Wellington. This arose from a review initiated by the NZ Commissioner of Police following the fatal shooting of Stephen Wallace in 2000. This review examined less lethal weapons options for managing violent individuals to ensure tactics and equipment are the most effective, and least likely to endanger the safety of police, the public and offenders. A conducted energy weapon, or electro muscular incapacitation device was identified as a potentially relevant option. Prior to the start of the trial police undertook a literature review about the use of electro muscular incapacitation devices by police agencies, and the scientific and medical research about the impact of these devices. Standard Operating Procedures were developed to guide the trial and the use of Tasers, and a comprehensive staff training package was developed based on international good practice. District Device Coordinators were appointed in each of the trial areas to oversee the implementation of the trial and to conduct audits of Taser use. An external Medical Advisory Group was established to review the medical records of those who were exposed to a Taser discharge and to provide expert medical advice on areas of risk. Police also engaged with various organisations and individuals about the trial. New Zealand Police evaluated the Taser trial, with the overall aim of assessing the use of Tasers in an operational environment in order to identify key issues about use and effectiveness of the device, the potential benefits and risks to staff and public safety and public opinion on police Taser use. The evaluation, conducted by a combined internal and external evaluation team, used a wide range of qualitative and quantitative data including: international literature; incident and injury data from the Tactical Options Report database; incident data from police Taser discharge files, offence information from the National Intelligence Application database, a survey and in-depth interviews with officers; a national survey of 1200 people; media coverage; and the external report provided by the Medical Advisory Group. This evaluation report provides detailed analysis of each of these data sources. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2008. 192p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 1, 2010 at: https://admin.police.govt.nz/resources/2008/operational-evaluation-of-nz-taser-trial/operational-evaluation-of-nz-taser-trial-2008.pdf Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Less Lethal Weapons Shelf Number: 119713 |
Author: Gunasekara, Sanji Title: Drug Law Reform: Lessons from the New Zealand Experience Summary: New Zealand’s existing drug laws are out of date, overly complex and poorly aligned with official drug policy. In 2007, the Government decided to entrust an independent agency, the New Zealand Law Commission, to comprehensively review the country’s drug law. The Commission will present a final report which is likely to feature a new approach to personal possession and use of drugs placing less emphasis on conviction and punishment and more on the delivery of effective treatment. This is an important departure as, in many countries, and previously in New Zealand, drug laws have been developed and implemented with little consideration of their wider impact on social policy. The Commission's final report is likely to serve as a blueprint for drug law reform. Many of the recommendations will be applicable to other countries attempting to steer a balance between enacting progressive drug law reform while complying with their international treaty obligations. Details: Amsterdam: Transnational Institute; London: International Drug Policy Consortium, 2010. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Series on Legislative Reform of Drug Policies No. 8: Accessed September 1, 2010 at: http://www.idpc.net/sites/default/files/library/Lessons%20from%20New%20Zealand%20Experience.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Drug Abuse and Addiction Shelf Number: 119715 |
Author: Statistics New Zealand Title: Patterns in Police Apprehensions in New Zealand 2005/06 to 2008/09 Summary: Patterns in Police Apprehensions in New Zealand 2005/06 to 2008/09 uses official New Zealand police apprehension statistics between the 2005/06 and 2008/09 police fiscal years to explore three aspects of police apprehensions. Within the criminal justice system, the New Zealand Police provide the crucial first response to crime, after which offenders are filtered through the courts and, ultimately, the prison system. The initial police phase of the criminal justice system impacts upon the lives of many New Zealanders. It is important to have a clear understanding of this area, both in terms of the people affected and the resources expended. The first aspect of police apprehensions describes the offences that make up the apprehensions environment, looking at offence composition and trends. The second aspect of this report looks at the differences in resolution type, such as prosecution or warning/caution, between each type of offence, and investigates the relationship between offence seriousness and resolution type. Finally, the third aspect of this report looks at the demographic variables of age and gender in relation to the type of offence. As well as using raw volumes, the report also incorporates the Ministry of Justice seriousness scale to shed new light on the intensity of offences being committed, who is committing them, and how they are being dealt with. Details: Wellington: Statistics New Zealand, 2010. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 7, 2010 at: http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/people_and_communities/crime_and_justice/patterns-in-police-apprehensions-in-nz.aspx Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Arrest and Apprehension Shelf Number: 119263 |
Author: Morgan, Mandy Title: An Evaluation of the Waitakere Family Violence Court Protocols Summary: The Waitakere Family Violence Court convenes weekly within the Waitakere District Court. It involves professional, state and community agents in a dynamic process of coordinated response to family violenc offences. The unique practices of the Corut are regulated by protocols that have evolved since 1992. The aims of the current protocols (2005) are: to overcome systemic delays in Court process; to minimize damage to families by delan; to concentrate specialist services within the Court process; to protect the victims of family violence consistent with the rights of defendants; to promote a holistic approach in the response to family violence; and to hold offenders accountable for their actions. This preliminary reports begins with a brief intoduction to the social context in which the Waitakere Family Violence Court is currently set. Following an introductory backgound, it presents the story of the Court that has emerged from a two stage analysis of participant data and documentary evidence. Details: Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey University; Waitakere City, New Zealand: WAVES, 2007. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 13, 2010 at: http://www.massey.ac.nz/~psyweb/pdf/Family-Court-Protocols_Apr2007.pdf Year: 2007 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Violence Shelf Number: 117323 |
Author: Anne Duncan Consultancy Title: Evaluation of the Auckland City East Community Policing Team Summary: The Auckland East Community Policing Team (CPT) is a problem-solving team that works with community constables and local communities to identify and address issues of concern to the community. The team draws on information from Intel, local police staff, tactical meetings, other agencies and communities groups to identify problems and to decide on which issues they will focus. They work flexibly on varied shifts in order to target problem times and places. The CPT comprises a sergeant and four staff who are a mix of experienced and probationary constables. This mix provides a training ground in community policing for new staff and ensures that more senior staff are attracted to lead community policing as Field Training Officers. The evaluation of the Auckland East CPT has drawn on interviews with CPT members, other local police staff, and community stakeholders; Intel data; informal observation; and CPT weekly reports. The CPT has an on-going focus on graffiti, truancy, alcohol-related incidents, and road policing. On-going work in these areas has been complemented by targeted operations. These include: • a graffiti operation, with the Auckland City Council • two truancy operations, with schools and the Ministry of Education • public visibility and crime deterrence activity following a community survey • three controlled purchase operations • directed patrolling of selected retail areas. There is some evidence that the targeted activity is associated with a reduction in the problems identified, at least in the short term. Community stakeholders, particularly those from local government, were positive about their relationship with the CPT and believed the team was helping to raise the profile of police service in the area. The CPT has successfully complemented local community constables and other police sections, such as Youth Aid, Officers in Charge of local stations, and the Strategic Traffic Unit. Interviews with other police staff indicate that there is growing appreciation of and support for the role of the CPT. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2009. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2010 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/2009-10-27-Auckland-City-East-community-policing-evaluation.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Shelf Number: 119810 |
Author: Coquilhat, Jenny Title: Evaluation of the Community Policing Rural Liaison Officer Demonstration Project in Central District Summary: The Rural Liaison Officer demonstration project was developed to strengthen Central District Police engagement within the rural sector. Seven new community constable positions were allocated to the project from Government New Initiative (GNI) funding. These positions are known as Rural Liaison Officers (RLO). The purpose of the report is to provide a descriptive overview of the operation; assess the progress towards achieving the outcomes; and determine how the additional community policing positions contribute to the goals of the national community policing strategy. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2009. 83p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2010 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/2009-10-27-Central-Rural-community-policing-evaluation.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Community Policing Shelf Number: 119811 |
Author: Woodhams Research Associates Title: Evaluation of the Kapiti-Mana Community Engagement Demonstration Project Summary: In late 2007 the Kapiti-Mana Area established a team of Community Engagement Officers (CEOs) to gain the trust of the community, increase Police availability, and collaborate with agencies in the community and with other Police units to reduce crime. The CEOs: enhanced community perceptions of safety in the Porirua Central Business District (CBD), by making Police more approachable with foot patrols and visits to businesses; collaborated with community agencies in effective work with community members with mental health and alcohol issues; worked intensively with young people and their families; revitalised Neighbourhood Support in some areas; and developed strong mutually respectful relationships with a wide variety of groups in their areas. Analysis of recorded occurrences for the ‘signal’ crimes of focus in the Porirua CBD shows an increasing trend, which is likely to reflect increased community confidence in reporting crime, improved recording, and increased police activity. The main challenge for the team, supervisers, and managers is the need to improve co-operation between the team and other policing units in the Area so that the community experiences a consistent Police service. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2009. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/2009-10-27-Kapiti-Mana-community-policing-evaluation.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Community Policing Shelf Number: 119812 |
Author: New Zealand Police National Intelligence Centre Title: Organised Crime in New Zealand, 2010 Summary: According to the United Nations (UN), transnational organised crime is a major threat to human security, impeding the social, economic, political and cultural development of societies worldwide. Organised crime groups throughout the world are involved in a range of criminal activities including drug trafficking, human trafficking, firearms trafficking, environmental crime, cyber crime and money laundering. As part of the global community, New Zealand is not immune to the organised crime threat. A number of organised crime groups, both domestic and international, are involved in a range of illegal markets impacting on New Zealand. Organised Crime in New Zealand 2010 aims to provide insight into the nature and extent of the threat in New Zealand. The analysis in this report draws from information provided by a range of agencies from the New Zealand Government and the private sector. Open source research on national, regional and global trends relating to organised crime is also included. Further, the report highlights efforts that aim to disrupt and dismantle organised crime in New Zealand. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Government, 2010. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 13, 2010 at: http://www.ofcanz.govt.nz/sites/default/files/Organised-Crime-in-NZ-2010-Public-Version.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Organized Crime Shelf Number: 119925 |
Author: Sturrock, Fiona Title: Effectiveness of Youth Court Supervision Orders: Measures of Re-offending Summary: This research reports on the effectiveness of Youth Court supervision orders in reducing the frequency and seriousness of re-offending. It was conducted to provide information on the outcomes for youth offenders following Youth Court supervision orders. This research involved the analysis of administrative data covering January 2002 to June 2007 from CYF and the Ministry of Justice (MoJ). Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, Centre for Social Research and Evaluation, 2009. 24p. Source: Internet Resoruce: Accessed October 13, 2010 at: http://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/research/youth-court-supervision/index.html Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Juvenile Court Shelf Number: 119946 |
Author: Dekker, Sonja Title: Aging and Violent Crime in New Zealand Summary: This report documents trends in age-sex-specific offence and apprehension rates for violent crime in New Zealand, and estimate the impact of population change on offence rates and justice sector expenditure for violent crime. The main data source is New Zealand Police data on recorded offences and apprehensions for violent crime between 1994 and 2008. These data are combined with Statistics New Zealand population data, and published estimates of government expenditure per offence. The impact of population change is assessed using demographic decompositions. Complex visualisations of the data allow trends and impact to be examined. The age-sex profile of violent offending in New Zealand has been changing, with the largest growth rates occurring at age 30 years and over, and among women. Changes in population age-sex structure have moderated increases in violent offence rates since 1994. Prospective changes in age-sex structure should moderate future growth in offence rates and justice sector expenditure. Details: Wellington, NZ: Statistics New Zealand, 2010. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Statistics New Zealand Working Paper No. 10-01: Accessed October 22, 2010 at: http://www.stats.govt.nz/surveys_and_methods/methods/research-papers/working-papers/ageing-violent-crime-nz-workingpaper-10-01.aspx Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Age Shelf Number: 120055 |
Author: New Zealand. Statistics New Zealand Title: Crime Victimisation Patterns in New Zealand: New Zealand General Social Survey 2008 and New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey 2006 Compared Summary: Crime Victimisation Patterns in New Zealand compares victimisation statistics produced from the New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey 2006 (NZCASS) and the New Zealand General Social Survey 2008 (GSS) to see if the socio-demographic characteristics of victims in the surveys are similar. The report looks at victimisation prevalence and repeat victimisation in relation to the total population, and to certain population groups, such as age, sex, ethnicity, household tenure, and the New Zealand index of deprivation 2001 groups. Users of crime victimisation data will see how the GSS module on safety and security compares with New Zealand’s primary victimisation survey, the NZCSS. The GSS is a two-yearly, multi-topic survey of individual well-being. The GSS allows the interrelationships between crime victimisation and other areas of society (such as knowledge and skills, paid work, economic standard of living, physical environment, and social connectedness) to be looked at. The NZCASS is designed to collect crime and safety information from individuals in selected households. This enables investigation across crime topics, populations, regions, and time. Details: Wellington, NZ: Statistics New Zealand, 2010. 47p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 25, 2010 at: http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/people_and_communities/crime_and_justice/crime-victimisation-patterns-nz.aspx Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Statistics Shelf Number: 120081 |
Author: Wilson, Nick J. Title: New Zealand High-Risk Offenders: Who Are They and What Are the Issues in Their Management and Treatment? Summary: This exploratory study into who high risk offenders actually are, was an attempt to gain more information about offenders who are predicted to be at high risk of serious reoffending. While efforts to address criminogenic factors typically follow the risk/needs/responsivity principles established by Canadian researchers, little information outside of criminal history information and broad demographic details exists on what appears to be a diverse group of offenders. The very offender’s that are the primary management and treatment targets for the Corrections department, in reducing reoffending. The original study proposal also wanted to assess the impact on these offenders of Integrated Offender Management (IOM). As such it was hoped that the sample would have included the assessment procedures used in IOM to assess each individual offenders sentence plan (i.e., Criminal Needs Inventory). Unfortunately, the IOM processes were not carried out on sufficient numbers of the offenders involved in the study when interviews were carried out. It is hoped that funding for follow up of the study sample will occur at a later stage, enabling current IOM data to be included, as well as a more comprehensive understanding of the high risk offender group rather than simply a ‘snap-shot’. The Corrections Department primary risk assessment tool, the RoC*RoI measure was used to identify all inmates at New Zealand’s largest prison with risk scores over .70 (or 70% risk of serious recidivism). Approximately 28% of prison inmates in NZ have risk scores over this cut-off score used by parole authorities to classify high-risk offenders. A total of 150 prison inmates (79% of possible participants) consented to take part in the study that involved a two-hour session in which a number of psychometric instruments and a structured interview were administered. The interviews took place at Waikeria Prison in 2002. The study measures and the interview schedule included variables relating to personality, mental health, criminogenic needs, developmental history, cultural knowledge, treatment history and offence related information. It was hoped to provide descriptive information on the variables from these measures to assist in the development of intervention and management policies for high-risk offenders. In addition it was hoped to analyse the interaction between study variables to assist in the identification of possible causal links. This report presents the findings of this study. Details: Wellington, NZ: Department of Corrections, Psychological Service, 2004. 135p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 22, 2011 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/177027/high-risk-offenders.pdf Year: 2004 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Recidivism Shelf Number: 120847 |
Author: Gordon, Liz Title: Invisible Children. First Year Report: A Study of the Children of Prisoners Summary: The number of prisoners in Aotearoa/ New Zealand is being driven up by policies and practices that extend prison terms and imprison more offenders. This trend is set to continue for the foreseeable future. There has been virtually no research undertaken in this country that examines the effects of imprisonment on the families and children of prisoners. The aim of this study is to begin to address that gap. The research approach is community-based and collaborative, aiming to build the community sector’s research capacity while undertaking high quality research. The study will estimate how many children have a parent in prison, the social, health, family and educational needs of that group, the role of community organisations, what the international literature says and, over the 3 years of the study, develop a framework for community intervention. Details: Christchurch, NZ: PILLARS, 2009. 76p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 9, 2011 at: http://www.networkers.co.nz/docs/invisible-children-with-cover.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Children of Prisoners (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 120957 |
Author: National Advisory Committee on Health and Disability (National Health Committee) Title: Review of Research on the Effects of Imprisonment on the Health of Inmates and their Families Summary: Around the developed world, a growing and changing prison population has given rise to renewed interest in the effects of incarceration on the health of inmates. This is a population with many complex and often co-morbid health needs, and the difficulty in separating and determining causal links has led many to conclude that health needs are „imported‟ by inmates rather than being a product of their experience of incarceration. The truth is almost certainly a combination. Prisoners comprise a number of more vulnerable population groups such as young people, older people, people with intellectual or physical impairments, women, and Māori and Pacific people (both overrepresented among the prison population). Each group has particular health vulnerabilities and needs which must be met within an institutional environment designed, by and large, for adult men of European descent who are „sound‟ in „mind and body‟. Although prison is sometimes a setting for health improvement, the environment is in many ways a severe risk to the prisoner and to his or her family. Suicide and self-harm can be more likely among inmates. Mental health problems and addictions are prevalent and often co-morbid in prisons. Prisoners are at far greater risk of death immediately after release, supporting the view that the health of prisoners must be treated within a broader context which incorporates connections with family and continuity of care from community to prison and back to community. Communicable diseases and the behaviours that spread them are commonly developed within the prison environment. The conditions of prison can exacerbate deterioration in older prisoners and those with pre-existing health conditions. Evidence suggests that the emotional and psychological pressures of incarceration; health issues in their own right; are also linked to the development of many chronic conditions. The experiences of life within the custodial world can also be psychologically damaging – triggering memories of past trauma or abuse, inspiring behavioural adaptations (hyper-vigilance, secretiveness, aggression, and so on) that translate poorly into family life, and undermine the prisoner‟s roles in the family and community and ultimately, their identity. The families and children of inmates suffer from a range of factors associated with both the removal and the re-entry of a family member. Financial pressures and deterioration of social ties while a partner is incarcerated can lead to significant psychological strain for parent and children alike. For children, poor outcomes that have been linked with the imprisonment of a parent include behavioural problems such as aggression, hyperactivity and delinquency; mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, eating disorders and low self-esteem; and developmental problems such as regression and difficulty in school. Incarceration has been shown to have a deleterious effect on vulnerable communities, in which erosion of social networks and social capital are incorporated into a cycle – often intergenerational – of criminality, reduced life chances and imprisonment. Large gaps remain in the body of research, notably collection of basic health status and health needs, benchmarking to evaluate improvement and information sharing among agencies and between agencies and health professionals. Furthermore, due to an overwhelming assumption that health issues are completely imported, the question of the health effects of prison is not being adequately addressed anywhere in the world. Although there are many omissions in the international literature, the most glaring include the impact of imprisonment on oral health, the quantification of physical injuries in prisons, the effects on or deterioration of (existing) disabilities including vision and hearing and the medical impacts on the children and families of inmates. All of these are also missing from local information. There are also many debates New Zealand is failing to engage in. These include: the experience of imprisonment; the collateral consequences of incarceration and its effect on the children, families and communities of prisoners; the experience and effects of home detention; the influence prison has during different developmental stages and the implications for categorisation, legislation and penal design; the experience of elderly prisoners and the needs of the greying prison population; the rate of violence, bullying and sexual abuse in New Zealand prisons; the experience and health needs of prison staff; the post-release experience - including mortality - and the health and service delivery outcomes for prisoners with disabilities. Details: Wellington, NZ: National Health Committee, 2008?. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 11, 2011 at: http://www.nhc.health.govt.nz/moh.nsf/pagescm/7506/$File/prisoner-health-review-aug08.pdf Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Disability Shelf Number: 120973 |
Author: Kuper, Sarah Title: An Immature Step Backward for New Zealand's Youth Justice System? A Discussion of the Age of Criminal Responsibility Summary: This paper examines the age of criminal responsibility in New Zealand's youth justice system focusing primarily on the serious youth offender. Recent amendments to New Zealand's youth justice legislation -- the Chidlren Young Persons and their Families Act 1989, the prevalence of serious youth crime in New Zealand and the politicised nature of the debate surrounding it makes this a pressing issue. Children who commit serious offences pose a peculiar challenge to every criminal justice system. Children may commit adult crimes, but their immaturity and lack of understanding mean that they cannot be dealt with as small adults. This paper will provide the basis for an informed and principled critique of the current amendment to the age of criminal responsibility. Recent international, scientific and behavioural evidence will be summarised and linked to the discussion of the amendment. It will suggest how the system can work towards mitigating the affects of this legislation, suggesting that by increasing the jurisdiction to include 17 year olds, proving the Youth Court with the powers of the Family Court and having a qualitatively different approach towards youth at sentencing will provide for tangible reductions in offending and will protect the rights of these vulnerable serious child offenders. Details: Dunedin, NZ: University of Otago, School of Law, 2010. 87p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed March 11, 2011 at: http://www.otago.ac.nz/law/oylr/2010/Sarah_Kuper.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Age of Criminal Responsibility Shelf Number: 120977 |
Author: New Zealand. Department of Corrections. Strategic Analysis and Research Title: Evaluation of the Faith Based Unit and Target Communities Programme Summary: An evaluation was undertaken recently by Strategy, Policy and Planning on the Faith-based Unit (FBU) at Rimutaka Prison and the associated “Target Communities” (TC) programme that assists prisoners with community reintegration. Questions that the evaluation sought to address were: • To what extent does the FBU (and TC) succeed in engaging and positively motivating prisoners? • How successfully does the programme operate within a custodial environment? • To what extent does the FBU (and TC) succeed in achieving its aims of prosocial change, and reduced re-offending? With respect to the first question, the evidence gathered indicates that prisoners generally engaged well with the FBU experience and the post-release support, and expressed high levels of motivation to make changes in their lives. Prisoners and released offenders who were interviewed for the evaluation disclosed a wide range of benefits they felt they had achieved from FBU participation. There was general endorsement for the community change approach which the unit sought to maintain. Within this environment, participants felt that they had the opportunity to learn and grow, and to prepare themselves for life on the outside. They spoke of being treated with decency and respect, and that as a result they had been given hope. Those involved with the Target Communities service in particular were without exception extremely grateful for the commitment displayed to them by the volunteers. At the same time, they were aware that they were still on a journey that had only really just begun. The level of community engagement achieved by Prison Fellowship New Zealand (PFNZ), in terms of the sheer numbers of community members enlisted to work alongside the offenders, is quite remarkable, and unique within the prison system. With respect to the second question, evaluation findings point to a range of differences in the perspectives of PFNZ and Prison Services which have meant a difficult relationship between the two parties. A “clash of cultures” is observed, between PFNZ staff’s unwavering belief in the value of the programme, and their earnest desire to ensure that participating offenders gain maximal value from their time in the unit, while a number of key personnel within Prison Services tend to view the programme more sceptically, and sometimes act in ways that have been interpreted (by PFNZ) as devaluing the unit’s worth. Quantitative analysis using psychometric instruments supported prisoners’ claims of making positive changes while in the unit, showing significant changes in offending-related beliefs. With respect to reconviction data, an RQ analysis revealed no significant impacts amongst the (admittedly small) FBU sample. Some reduction in the seriousness of new offending was identified, but this fell below the level of statistical significance, and thus cannot be interpreted as conclusive proof of a positive effect. The absence of measurable impacts on reconvictions is consistent with the findings from a number of previous studies internationally on similar faith based programmes. However, the relatively small sample size available for inclusion in the reconviction analysis means that the results ought not be considered conclusive. A theoretical model (programme logic) that is hypothesised to effect transformation of FBU participants was extracted from the interviews with stakeholders. The model emphasises that the primary mechanism of change for the FBU is the therapeutic community. This evaluation did not attempt to test the effectiveness of the principles of the therapeutic community model since PFNZ have only recently gained clarity about that approach. However, that could occur through a followup evaluation at a later date. A number of key learnings and recommendations are made about the future of the FBU, subject to decisions on renewal of the contract with PFNZ. These relate to the relationship between PFNZ and the Department, programme length, and the sentence planning processes that support the unit’s operation. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Department of Corrections, 2010. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 29, 2011 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/486357/Final_version_of_FBU_evaluation_report_-_web_version.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Correctional Programs Shelf Number: 121195 |
Author: Bartlett, Tess Title: The Power of Penal Populism: Public Influences on Penal and Sentencing Policy from 1999 to 2008 Summary: This thesis explains the rise and power of penal populism in contemporary New Zealand society. It argues that the rise of penal populism can be attributed to social, economic and political changes that have taken place in New Zealand since the postwar years. These changes undermined the prevailing penal-welfare logic that had dominated policymaking in this area since 1945. It examines the way in which ‘the public’ became more involved in the administration of penal policy from 1999 to 2008. The credibility given to a law and order referendum in 1999, which drew attention to crime victims and ‘tough on crime’ discourse, exemplified their new role. In its aftermath, greater influence was given to the public and groups speaking on its behalf. The referendum also influenced political discourse in New Zealand, with politicians increasingly using ‘tough on crime’ policies in election campaigns as it was believed that this was what ‘the public’ wanted when it came to criminal justice issues. As part of these developments, the thesis examines the rise of the Sensible Sentencing Trust, a unique law and order pressure group that advocates for victims’ rights and the harsh treatment of offenders. The Trust became an increasingly authoritative voice in both the public and political arena, as public sentiments came to overrule expert knowledge in the administration of penal policy. Ultimately, it argues that the power of penal populism is so strong in New Zealand that attempts to resist it are likely to come to little, unless these forces that brought it to prominence can be addressed and negated. To date, this has not happened. Details: Wellington, NZ: School of Social and Cultural Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, 2009. 136p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 5, 2011 at: http://www.rethinking.org.nz/assets/Newsletter_PDF/Issue_84/T%20Bartlett%20Thesis%202009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Criminal Justice Policy Shelf Number: 121249 |
Author: O'Reilly, Justine Title: New Zealand Police Pre-Charge Warnings Alternative Resolutions: Evaluation Report Summary: The evaluation of the Alternative Resolutions - Pre-Charge Warning initiative trial contributed to the decision by Police to implement the initiative nationally in September. Three Auckland Districts trialled pre-charge warnings from November 2009 to May 2010. The aim of pre-charge warnings is to develop better alternatives to hold offenders to account for less serious offending without having to use the courts. Under this process, Police can arrest a person, take them to a station for processing and then issue a warning as an alternative to charging and prosecution. Pre-charge warnings can be used for people 17 years of age and over, low level or minor offences and those offences with a maximum penalty of six months imprisonment. Those involved in family violence offences or methamphetamine offences are ineligible for pre-charge warnings. Among other things, the evaluation aimed to assess the extent to which pre-charge warnings achieved the intended outcomes for Police, and look at take up across the Auckland region. The key findings from the evaluation were: •an overall reduction of 9% in charges proceeding to court in the Auckland region •a positive response from operational police •a generally positive response from victims • reduced file preparation resulting in a time-saving for Police. The majority of offences (31,647) were still prosecuted while 3,137 charges were resolved by way of a pre-charge warning. The most common offences resolved by a pre-charge warning were Disorder (26%), Breach of Liquor Ban (21%) and Shoplifting (9%) Some areas for improvement have been identified and will assist the ongoing development of the Alternative Resolutions initiative. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2010. 85p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 15, 2011 at: https://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2010-12-09_alternative_resolutions_report_final__elec_isbn_.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alternatives to Prosecution Shelf Number: 121368 |
Author: Te Puni Kōkiri, the Ministry for Māori Development Title: Māori Designed, Developed and Delivered Initiatives to Reduce Māori Offending and Re-offending Summary: This report covers the proceedings of the wānanga (conference) hosted by Te Puni Kōkiri 24 June 2010 Brentwood Hotel Wellington. The purpose of the wānanga was primarily an opportunity to share the learning from Māori designed, developed and delivered initiatives with policy analysts and others working to address the drivers of crime and with an interest in reducing the over-representation of Māori in the criminal justice system. The impetus for this work began three or four years ago when the former government was concerned about high rates of Māori imprisonment. It became clear that Māori wanted an opportunity to design, develop and deliver initiatives themselves to address the problems leading to high levels of imprisonment. The way policy development works is premised on research evidence but there is little evidence-based information on what works for Māori. Most of the evidence that informs what is designed for Government is from overseas and not based on actual Māori experience. It is important to look at how Māori see the world and the solutions that Māori design for their communities. Māori tend to develop initiatives based on hypotheses, but do not have the resources to research them or fully evaluate them. They then find that government funders say that there is no evidence to support the initiatives. However, in practice there is much to be learnt from Māori designed, developed and delivered initiatives and early evaluations have shown promising results. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Government, 2010. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 26, 2011 at: http://www.tpk.govt.nz/en/in-print/our-publications/publications/maori-designed-developed-and-delivered-initiatives-to-reduce-maori-offending-and-re-offending/download/tpk-reduceoffend-2010-en.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Prevention Shelf Number: 121499 |
Author: New Zealand Ministry of Justice Title: Reoffending Analysis for Restorative Justice Cases: 2008 and 2009 Summary: The aim of this study was to determine whether restorative justice conferences led to reduced reoffending. It is based on data for offenders completing conferences in 2008 and 2009 compared with a similar group of offenders who did not receive restorative justice. The principal finding of the report is that restorative justice had a statistically significant impact on reducing the proportion of people reoffending, and for those who did reoffend, there is an indication of a reduction in the frequency of reoffending and a lower rate of imprisonment. Rigorous data verification, statistical modelling and matching processes were used. Conferenced offenders were compared with: offenders referred for restorative justice but who did not receive a restorative justice conference as the victim declined or the case was otherwise considered unsuitable (non-conferenced); other offenders meeting the restorative justice eligibility criteria who were not referred (other eligible); and a matched comparison group of offenders (a sub-set of the other eligible offenders, selected to match the demographic and offending characteristics of those who completed a restorative justice conference). Restorative justice shows promise in reducing reoffending that leads to imprisonment, however, the results from this study are not statistically significant. This is partly explained by the small numbers of offenders in this analysis that were imprisoned within 12 and 24 months. For the 2009 cohort, after 12 months, offenders who had been through a restorative justice conference were 33 percent less likely to be imprisoned for subsequent offending than comparable offenders (5.2 percent compared to 7.8 percent). For the 2008 cohort, after 12 months, the subsequent imprisonment rate for conferenced offenders was 18 percent lower than that of the matched comparison group (8.7 percent compared to 10.6 percent). After 24 months, the subsequent imprisonment rate for conferenced offenders was 29 percent lower than that of the matched comparison group (11.1 percent compared to 15.6 percent). The results taken from this study and the 2005 study (which found a reduction in subsequent imprisonment of between 15 and 20 percent, though, not statistically significant), taken together, suggest a real reduction in imprisonment rates. Details: Wellington: Ministry of Justice, 2011. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 30, 2011 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/r/reoffending-analysis-for-restorative-justice-cases-2008-and-2009/publication Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Recidivism Shelf Number: 121954 |
Author: New Zealand. Department of Corrections, Policy Development Group, Strategic Analysis Team Title: Maori Offenders and Home Detention: Analysis of a One-Year Cohort Summary: A clear disparity has been identified between Maori and New Zealand European offenders with respect to both “leave to apply” for Home Detention, and approval of applications to the Parole Board. A statistically-based analysis was undertaken to investigate possible reasons for this disparity. This indicated that Maori offenders potentially eligible for Home Detention tended to present with more extensive offending histories, including failure to comply with previous sentences and orders. Such characteristics largely (though not entirely) explained the lower rates with which Maori obtained access to Home Detention. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Department of Corrections, 2007. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 26, 2011 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/258862/maori-offenders-and-home-detention-study.pdf Year: 2007 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alternatives to Incarceration (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 116484 |
Author: Kazmierow, Bronek J. Title: Vehicle Crime at Outdoor Recreation and Tourist Destinations: Prevalence, Impact and Solutions Summary: Vehicle crime in car parks at outdoor recreation and tourist destinations poses an unwelcome problem for visitors and destination managers in New Zealand. Some tourists and recreationists may avoid some outdoor recreation sites and activities because of perceived threats. Currently, no public agencies are fully addressing the problem, and the impact of vehicle crime in these settings is poorly understood. We set out to identify the prevalence and impact of this problem and, where possible, solutions, using a collaborative multiple-method approach that involved quantitative data collection from crime records; surveys of the New Zealand population, and domestic and international tourists; and five targeted recreationist surveys. In addition, qualitative data were gathered through focus groups of recreation participants and non-participants; media content analysis; an assessment of victim accounts; interviews with 30 convicted vehicle crime offenders; and three regional case studies. We found that, in contrast to vehicle crime recorded elsewhere in New Zealand, the incidence of vehicle crime at car parks managed by the Department of Conservation is low and predominately focused at a small number of car parks. Recreationists and the public considered the problem to be somewhat larger than official records suggested it was and, correspondingly, their reported levels of concern were disproportionately large. International tourists, however, were less concerned. Vehicle crime was a significant issue for outdoor recreationists, as this group experienced the highest levels of victimisation. However, international tourists falling victim to this crime appear to suffer the most severe consequences. Solutions uncovered as part of this study are presented, along with a summary of a planning and evaluation framework constructed for destination managers and associated agencies grappling with vehicle crime. Details: Wellington, NZ: Publishing Team, New Zealand Department of Conservation, 2009. 86p. Source: Internet Resource: Science for Conservation 298: Accessed August 31, 2011 at: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/sfc298.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Automobile Theft Shelf Number: 122564 |
Author: McLaren, Fleur Title: Attitudes, Values and Beliefs about Violence within Families: 2008 Survey Findings Summary: Many risk factors have been identified that increase the likelihood of being a victim or perpetrator of violence within a family. With the number of risk factors identified, there is no one solution for preventing violence within families. Attitudes, values and beliefs that support or excuse violence towards family members are strongly linked with family violence. Previous research suggests that the attitudes, values and beliefs held by individuals who engage in violence in intimate relationships are significantly different to those held by the general public (Gwartney-Gibbs & Stockard 1989). Those who hold attitudes accepting of violence are more at risk of engaging in violence (Nabors, Dietz & Jasinski 2006; Cercone, Beach & Arias 2005). The Attitudes, Values and Beliefs Survey (the survey) was developed to measure the attitudes, values and beliefs held by New Zealanders with regard to violence within families as part of the Campaign for Action on Family Violence. The objectives of the survey were to: gauge New Zealanders’ definitions of family violence measure the awareness of family violence measure the attitudes in New Zealand about family violence gauge the propensity of New Zealanders to take action against family violence. Details: Wellington, NZ: Centre for Social Research and Evaluation, 2010. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 2, 2011 at: http://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/research/campaign-action-violence-research/attitudes-values-and-beliefs-about-violence-within-families.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 122612 |
Author: Kazmierow, Bronek Title: Compliance Decision Making: Perceptions, Experiences and Factors Influencing Regulatory Compliance Summary: This report presents research findings a out commercial fishers' compliance decision making. The study addressed three objectives: 1. To examine commercial fishers' experiences and perceptions of fisheries compliance. 2. To identify factors influencing compliance behaviour and measure their relative importance. 3. To identify implications for fisheries compliance management. These objectives were investigated using a mixed-method approach. Methods included a literature review, in-depth interviews with 20 skippers and a postal questionnaire survey of commercial fishers (n = 104). Study participants were commercial fishers operating within the South-East fin fishery, a mixed fishery, which was used as a case study. Near the study conclusion, a workshop was held etween researchers and Ministry of Fisheries' staff to discuss study results and highlight management implications. Study findings pertain to the case study South-East commercial fin fishery. Care must be taken if generalising study findings to other fisheries, given the particular characteristics of the South-East fin fishery. A range of fishing-related characteristics was evident amongst study participants, including those who did and did not own quota, use of a variety of fishing techniques, fishing from a wide spread of locations and involvement in fishing operations of different scales. The term „compliance‟ was defined initially using the simple terms „keeping within the fisheries rules and regulations‟. For the survey phase of the study, it was necessary to develop a more detailed operational definition for compliance. The operational definition derived for „major rule reaches‟ was misreporting, dumping, trucking, using illegal gear or techniques, or fishing within a prohiited area; whereas „minor rule reaches‟ were all other lesser offences (i.e. those not relating to a major rule). STUDY FINDINGS Two main theoretical approaches to understanding compliance behaviour were identified from the literature: (i) deterrence, and (ii) normative and social influences. A third category of „other‟ factors also was linked to commercial fishers' compliance decision making. From these three categories, a list of 16 specific factors was derived. These factors formed the basis for the interview and survey phases of the study. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Fisheries, 2010. 106p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 3, 2011 at: http://www.fish.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/E028429E-8F77-4692-B58B-5A2BBD66848C/0/Compliance_research_report_2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Illegal Fishing (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 122644 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Justice Title: The New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey 2009: Main Findings Report Summary: The New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey (NZCASS) provides information for researchers, policy makers and the public about the nature and extent of crime and victimisation in New Zealand. By talking to New Zealanders, the NZCASS attempts to show how much crime occurs, who experiences it and how victims respond. It also collects information about people’s perceptions of crime and the criminal justice system. This report presents the main findings of the 2009 survey and compares these against the results of the 2006 NZCASS. It also compares the survey data with the crime data collected by the New Zealand Police. Details: Welllington, NZ: Ministry of Justice, 2010. 174p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 6, 2011 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/c/NZCASS-2009/publications/global-publications/c/NZCASS-2009/documents/The%20New%20Zealand%20Crime%20and%20Safety%20Survey%202009%20Main%20Findings%20Rep.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Statistics (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 122657 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Justice Title: Confrontational Crime in New Zealand: Findings from the 2009 New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey Summary: This focus paper expands upon the findings of the 2009 New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey (NZCASS). The paper analyses people’s experiences of “confrontational crime”, where the offender was their partner or a person well-known to them. Confrontational crime includes assaults and threats to an individual or their personal property. It does not include psychological or economic abuse, such as insults or withholding household money. There was a decline in the percentage of females in relationships who were victims of a partner offence between 2005 and 2008 (down from 7% to 5%). Three percent of males in relationships were victims of a partner offence in 2008 (down from 6% in 2005). These prevalence rates include all forms of partner confrontational offences, from petty threats to serious assaults. It is estimated that 85% of serious partner offences were against female victims. This is in line with Police statistics, which show that 84% of those arrested for family violence are men. A quarter of females said they had experienced partner confrontational crime at some point in their life, compared to one in eight males. Four percent of both males and females experienced confrontational crime by a person well-known to them (excluding partners) in 2008. Males were most at risk from friends and parents, while females were most at risk from siblings, sons or daughters (including in-laws) and previous partners. Details: Welllington, NZ: Ministry of Justice, 2011. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 6, 2011 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/c/NZCASS-2009/publications/global-publications/c/NZCASS-2009/documents/NZCASS%20Confrontational%20crime.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Statistics Shelf Number: 122658 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Justice. Title: Multiple Victimisation in New Zealand: Findings from the 2009 New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey Summary: This focus paper expands upon the findings of the 2009 New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey (NZCASS). The paper provides an analysis of the nature and extent of multiple victimisation in New Zealand in 2008. A multiple victim is defined as a person who experienced more than one offence within a 12 month period. One in five (19%) New Zealanders reported that they were multiple victims of crime in 2008 (ie they experienced two or more offences). Multiple victims were more likely to characterise crimes as being ‘serious’ and reported being more seriously affected by crime incidents, compared to those victimised only once. In 2008, 6% of New Zealanders were chronic victims of crime (ie they experienced five or more offences), and this group experienced 54% of all crime. Younger people, Māori and those who were unemployed and/or on benefits were more than twice as likely to be chronic victims of crime. Preventing multiple victimisation (so that fewer people are repeatedly victimised) has the potential to reduce significantly the total volume and impact of crime in New Zealand. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Justice, 2010. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 6, 2011 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/c/NZCASS-2009/publications/global-publications/c/NZCASS-2009/documents/NZCASS%20Multiple%20victimisation.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Repeat Victimization Shelf Number: 122660 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Justice Title: Alternative Pre-Trial and Trial Processes for Child Witnesses in New Zealand's Criminal Justice System Summary: The Ministry of Justice (the Ministry) is undertaking a policy project on child victims and witnesses in the criminal justice system to improve the way in which their needs are managed in the court process. The policy project is investigating alternative pre-trial and trial processes that may improve how child witnesses are treated. This Issues Paper outlines concerns with the current situation and seeks your views on potential options for reform. 2. It is widely acknowledged that contact with the court system can be especially difficult for child victims and witnesses. In particular, the process of giving evidence (especially cross-examination) can be traumatic for many child victims and witnesses. The experience can be confrontational, stressful and confusing, which can also mean that the best quality evidence is not elicited from these witnesses. As a result, the system does not ensure fairness to all those involved in the criminal justice system. 3. In addition, concerns have been raised about the sometimes long delays between the time children are interviewed by Police and when they give evidence in court. Court delays can impact on the quality of children‟s evidence and their ability to exit the criminal justice system as early as possible. 4. There are a considerable number of children who are in contact with the court system. In the 2009/2010 year, over 2,000 child complainants were involved in cases before the courts.1 More children will have been involved in court cases as witnesses. Given this data, improving the experience of child witnesses has the potential to assist a large number of children who are currently involved in criminal court trials. 5. To develop the options outlined in this Issues Paper, the Ministry has undertaken a review of academic literature along with a review of practices in other jurisdictions, including both adversarial and inquisitorial systems. The specific focus has been on identifying alternative approaches that might address the key concerns of timeliness and inappropriate questioning of children. In looking at the alternative approaches used in other jurisdictions, this project will consider whether a hybrid model, with elements of inquisitorial systems being incorporated into our adversarial system, could be developed for the New Zealand criminal justice system. 6. The Ministry will assess the proposed options against four key criteria. These criteria include eliciting the most complete, accurate and reliable evidence from witnesses; minimising harm to witnesses; maintaining defendant‟s rights; and ensuring that the cost of reforms do not outweigh the benefits. These criteria are outlined in more detail on page 15. It is also important to note that the options outlined in this Issues Paper should not be treated as a package or integrated suite of options that build on each other. Rather, they are a range of potential approaches, some of which are compatible with others, and some that if selected, would render other options unnecessary. 7. This work is initially focussed on addressing the specific needs of child victims and witnesses, but the Ministry is maintaining the possibility that any options that are progressed could later be extended to other vulnerable victims and witnesses (such as adult victims of sexual violence or people with diminished capacity). 8. Section One outlines the current system, including the current processes and provisions that exist to protect child victims and witnesses, and presents the key concerns with the current system. Section Two outlines a range of possible options for reform, drawing on our review of the literature, discussions with stakeholders, and analysis of approaches taken in other jurisdictions, both adversarial and inquisitorial. 9. The purpose of this Issues Paper is to encourage discussion on the treatment of child witnesses in the criminal justice system and identify the best options to address concerns. The Issues Paper is intended to be used for targeted consultation with key stakeholders and interested parties to gather feedback on the options outlined. We also welcome other ideas and suggestions of options that have not been covered in this paper. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Justice, 2011. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper: Accessed October 20, 2011 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/a/alternative-pre-trial-and-trial-processes-for-child-witnesses-in-new-zealands-criminal-justice-system Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Witnesses (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 123065 |
Author: Broadstock, Marita Title: What is the Safety of "Pepper Spray" Use by Law Enforcement or Mental Health Service Staff? Summary: Oleoresin capsicum (OC) spray, referred to here as “pepper spray”, is a chemical incapacitant causing intense irritation of the mucous membranes and skin. The organic agent oleoresin capsicum contains the active ingredient capsaicin, obtained from cayenne pepper plants. It is usually mixed with a carrier agent for dispersion, such as oil, alcohol or kerosene for application using an aerosol spray (Chambers, 2000). Pepper spray has been employed as a less-than-lethal inflammatory agent in civilian, government and military sectors, and particularly for law enforcement, criminal incapacitation and, in the United States of America (USA), personal self-defense. First used in the USA in 1973 by Federal Bureau of Intelligence (FBI) personnel who approved it for police use1, it became widely adopted by law enforcement agencies from the late 1980’s (Kaminski et al. 1999). Pepper spray has also been used in correctional facilities in the USA (American Civil Liberties Unions of Southern California, 1995). Though banned in Sweden because of its potential to cause eye damage, it has been increasingly used by European security forces in Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and Switzerland (Chambers, 2000). The Home Office reportedly recommended that pepper spray be not introduced by British police services due to health concerns. In contrast, pepper spray is available for use by police across Australia, albeit in some States on a trial basis (Criminal Justice Commission and Queensland Police Service, 1999). The New Zealand police introduced pepper spray to front line members in 1997 as a less-than-lethal option when dealing with violent incidents where injury is likely to ensue (Doone, 1997). Inhalation of, and skin and eye contact with, pepper spray causes an almost instantaneous onset of responses. Effects on the eyes include severe burning pain, involuntary closure, lacrimation (tearing), conjunctival inflammation, redness, swelling and blepharospasm (eyelid twitching). Skin contamination causes tingling, burning pain, edema, erythema and occasional blistering. Respiratory symptoms include nasal irritation, bronchoconstriction, a burning sensation in the throat, severe coughing and sneezing, and shortness of breath (Olajos and Salem, 2001). More systemic effects include disorientation, panic and loss of body motor control (Smith, 2002). Most symptoms resolve within 30 to 45 minutes. The inflammatory properties of pepper spray have been suggested as being particularly effective in managing violent, intoxicated, drugged and mentally ill people who may be less susceptible to pain. However, some data (Edwards et al. 1997; Granfield et al. 1994; ACLA of Southern California, 1995) suggest that precisely such individuals “may be resistant or immune to OC’s effects or that OC may actually exacerbate the difficulty associated with controlling such persons” (Edwards et al. 1997). Acute effects of capsaicin have been suggested including bronchospasm, respiratory arrest, pulmonary edema, hypertensive crisis and hypothermia as well as serious respiratory and cardiovascular effects and permanent damage to the sensory nervous system (Stopford, 1996; Olajos and Salem, 2001). The safety of pepper spray is the subject of this Tech Brief. It aims to consider evidence for adverse events of pepper spray used in ways comparable to their application by police officers or mental health service personnel to acutely subdue a disturbed person. It also aims to identify situations or populations related with increased risk. Details: Christchurch, NZ: New Zealand Health Technology Assessment (NZHTA), 2002. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: NZHTA Tech Brief Series, vol. 1, No. 2: Accessed November 10, 2011 at: http://nzhta.chmeds.ac.nz/publications/pepper_spray.pdf Year: 2002 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Non-lethal Weapons Shelf Number: 123300 |
Author: Kingi, Venezia Title: Mothers with Babies in Prison: Some Women Prisoners' Perspectives Summary: The Department of Corrections Policy, Strategy and Research Group commissioned researchers at the Crime and Justice Research Centre at Victoria University of Wellington to obtain the perspectives of some women prisoners about topics related to proposed legislation to extend the length of time to 24 months that mothers can care for their babies in prison. The specific objectives of the research were: • to ascertain female prisoners’ family structures and child care arrangements prior to imprisonment; • to ascertain child care arrangements made while in prison, how stable they are and how comfortable mothers are with them; • to understand mothers’ views on the appropriateness and desirability of having their children with them in prison, and whether they would apply for such access; • to identify the education, parenting and rehabilitation needs of female prisoners; • to ascertain female prisoners’ willingness and motivation to enter into parenting agreements, including the obligation to participate in parenting education; • to ascertain female prisoners’ willingness to relocate to a prison that has mothers with babies facilities; and • to ascertain the re-integration support needs of female prisoners with children when they leave prison. The research used a survey of 258 women prisoners and in-depth interviews with 10 women prisoners during May-June 2008 to obtain information relating to the research objectives. The overall findings indicate that nearly six in ten women prisoners surveyed support the proposal to extend the length of time that mothers can care for their babies in prison and half of those with dependent children would take up the option. All of the 258 women prisoners surveyed were asked whether they thought it was a good idea for mothers to be able to have children aged less than 24 months live with them in prison. Nearly six out of ten (59%) agreed it was a good idea, 32 percent did not, and nine percent responded that they did not know. Those who were most likely to agree were: • women prisoners aged 15-19 years (84%). This was true for both Māori and Non-Māori women prisoners aged 15-19 years (81% and 100% (or three out of three) respectively); • Asian women prisoners (100% or five out of five); • women prisoners with a dependent child aged two years or younger (64%); • women prisoners who had previously been in prison (65%); and • women prisoners who thought it was neither important nor unimportant that the prison in which they were incarcerated was near to their family/whānau (75%). Women prisoners who had been the main caregiver prior to coming into prison were slightly less likely to think it was a good idea (54%). Seventy seven percent of those opposing an extension to the current policy simply reasoned that ‘Children should not be brought up in prison.’ The next most common reason given by 60 percent of these women for being opposed to a possible change of policy was that ‘It would be too painful for mothers serving long sentences to have to give up their children when they got too old to be in the unit.’ Thirdly, 43 percent of these women were of the opinion that ‘Children should be with their family/whānau if their mothers are in prison.’ All the women interviewed in-depth supported the concept of mothers being able to care for their babies in prison. However, their opinions were divided about the upper age limit of the child. These women thought that the quality of the care that could be provided by a mother to her baby in prison needed to be balanced against the difficulty of separating from the baby (if the length of the prison sentence made that necessary) and the quality of the care that baby could receive on the outside. The advantages of an extension of the upper age limit to 24 months articulated by these women interviewed in-depth were variations around the theme of enabling more unbroken mother/baby bonding and breast feeding time. For mothers serving shorter prison sentences an extension of the current policy increased the chances of them being able to provide uninterrupted care for their babies. The views of Māori women prisoners surveyed on the desirability and implementation of this policy were similar to women prisoners as a whole. Nearly half (49%) of women prisoners with dependent children would apply to have a child under 24 months live with them in prison. The percentage increased slightly to 54% for women prisoners with a child aged two years or younger at the time of the survey. Māori women prisoners were also slightly more likely to hold this view (52%). The women (including Māori women) were slightly more likely to choose having their children live with them in a Mothers and Babies Unit regardless of whether that unit was close to their family/whānau. Most commonly women would be willing to undertake parenting programmes (77%). child development education (72%) or relationship skills (71%) programmes if these were made a condition of having a child live with them in prison. Overall, over nine in ten all the women prisoners thought that they would benefit from taking part in programmes while in prison. Those programmes most often mentioned were budgeting, drug and alcohol, relationship skills, parenting, child development education, anger management and family violence prevention programmes. Women’s views about the reintegration of mothers into the community on their release indicated that most mothers need support with housing (81%) parenting (77%), employment (73%) and childcare (69%). In extending the proposed policy to 24 months, the following factors may need to be taken into account: • the difficulty of separation from an older child; • the suitability of the prison environment generally; • ongoing financial considerations for women and their families; • safety of the prison environment for toddlers; • access to health care for babies/toddlers at all times, including during the night; • access to child care facilities to support the educational, social and physical development of these children; and • the establishment of dedicated facilities for mothers and babies/toddlers. Details: Wellington, NZ: Crime and Justice Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, 2008. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 13, 2012 at: www.corrections.govt.nz Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Children of Prisoners Shelf Number: 123597 |
Author: Nadesu, Arul Title: Reconviction Rates of Sex Offenders Five year follow-up study: Sex offenders against children vs offenders against adults Summary: Prisoners serving sentences for sex offences make up around 20 percent of the New Zealand prison population on any given date. As a sub-group within the general offender population, sex offenders share a number of important characteristics. Awareness of those characteristics has relevance for understanding reconviction data of the type presented here. Firstly, victim surveys indicate that, of all crime types, sex offences are perhaps the least likely to result in the apprehension and conviction of an offender – it appears that the vast majority of offences are either not reported by victims, or not resolved by Police. This means that conviction histories of sex offenders are often unrepresentative of actual offending behaviour. Second, it is widely recognised that sex offending can be a compulsive behaviour that persists over decades of an offender’s life. As a result there can be long time gaps between recorded criminal convictions; alternatively, offenders may still be active despite criminal records that suggest desistance. Thirdly, while “criminal versatility” is the norm in the general offender population, many sex offenders have few, or only minor, convictions for other types of crime. Finally, in terms of impact, sex offences tend to be particularly harmful and damaging to victims. Although a handful of recidivism studies about sex offenders have been conducted here and overseas, most have had small sample sizes. As a result, the reconviction patterns of this population are not particularly well-understood. Notwithstanding the points made above, many sex offenders are indeed reconvicted of new crimes, including crimes of both a sexual and non-sexual type. The current study is intended to assist the Department of Corrections in meeting its strategic objectives regarding the management and rehabilitation of offenders. It provides straightforward data on the characteristics of sex offenders and their recidivism rates. The data presented here are based on the “recidivism index” (RI) methodology used in the Department of Corrections’ annual reporting of reconviction. This method quantifies the rate of reconviction and re-imprisonment for specified sub-groups of offenders, over follow-up periods of defined length, after release from a custodial sentence, or following commencement of a community sentence or order. Conviction and sentencing data is obtained from the Ministry of Justice’s Case Management System (CMS) database. This report summarises patterns of reconviction and re-imprisonment of exactly 1100 male sex offenders who were released from prison during the 36-month period reconviction for offences that occurred within 60 months of an individual offender’s release date (up to 31 December 2008). Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Department of Corrections, Strategy, Policy and Planning, 2011. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 20, 2012 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/557154/Reconviction_Rates_of_Sex_Offenders_-_five_year_follow_up.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Recidivism Shelf Number: 123687 |
Author: Sheridan, Janie Title: Prescription drug misuse: issues for primary care - final report Summary: The misuse of prescription medicines is an internationally recognised problem associated with a number of health and social harms. Qualitative research by the University of Auckland, funded by the National Drug Policy Discretionary Grant Fund, provides a valuable insight into prescription drug misuse in New Zealand through the eyes of primary healthcare practitioners and experts in drug policy and treatment. The authors have also looked at how New Zealand compares to countries such as Australia and USA in terms of available data, as well as summarising possible policy approaches to addressing prescription drug misuse. Details: Auckland, NZ: The University of Auckland, 2008. 146p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 7, 2012 at Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Drug Abuse (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 124027 |
Author: Lambie, Ian Title: An Outcome Evaluation of New Zealand Fire Service Fire Awareness and Intervention Programme Summary: The purpose of the current study was to assess the post intervention arson recidivism rates and other offending behaviours of a group of children and adolescents referred to the New Zealand (NZ) Fire Awareness and Intervention Programme (FAIP) over an approximate follow up period of 10 years. Based on the findings and in light of current literature the report aims to provide key recommendations for the FAIP. (This research was done in two-parts. Please see report # 97: ‘Sparking up an Old Flame: A Process Evaluation of the Fire Awareness and Intervention Programme (FAIP) in New Zealand’ for the other outcome on this piece of work.) Details: Auckland, New Zealand: New Zealand Fire Service Commission, 2009. 69p. Source: New Zealand Fire Service Commission Research Report Number 98: Internet Resource: Accessed February 18, 2012 at http://www.fire.org.nz/Research/Current-Round/Documents/An%20Outcome%20Evaluation%20of%20NZ%20Fire%20Service%20FAIP%20-%20recidivism%20rate%20part.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Arson (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 124183 |
Author: Murphy, Clare Title: Building collaborations to eliminate family violence: facilitators, barriers and good practice Summary: The first Issues Paper published by the New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse focuses on the facilitators and barriers to building collaborations to eliminate family violence. This paper provides a broad perspective on best-practice principles and challenges relating to coordinated collaborative initiatives generally and as they relate to family violence specifically. It explores the current state of collaborative work on family violence in New Zealand. It is informed by a literature review and discussions with key informants: people with long experience of community-based family violence networks. The funding for the preparation of this Issues Paper was provided by the Families Commission. Details: Auckland, New Zealand: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, The University of Auckland, 2012. 53p. Source: Issues Paper 1: Internet Resource: Accessed June 4, 2012 at Builiding collaborations to eliminate family violence: facilitators, barriers and good practice Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Violence (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 125325 |
Author: Maxwell, Les Title: ‘New Cannabis’: The Cornerstone of Illicit Drug Harm in New Zealand Summary: Cannabis is the most controversial and widely debated illicit drug in the world. Cannabis evokes emotive competing commentary from a globally connected pro cannabis lobby who conduct very focused and articulate campaigns to overturn drug laws and policies. In the last forty years there has been a plethora of assessments and studies that have espoused contrary views on the harms posed by cannabis use which has led to confusion amongst the general population. A number of pre-eminent international agencies have highlighted the increasing threat posed by high potency or ‘re-engineered’ cannabis (‘new cannabis’), particularly from a health perspective. It is no surprise ‘new cannabis’ has been a steadily increasing feature of the New Zealand cannabis environment since the late 1990’s. The New Zealand Government, at Ministerial level, recently formally acknowledged New Zealand had a “drug problem”. The prevalence of cannabis in the Oceania Region, particularly New Zealand, as illustrated in this assessment are amongst the highest in the world and are largely of our own making. New Zealand society appears to have been comfortable with high prevalence levels of cannabis within our communities for at least the last fifteen years. Whilst New Zealand has not totally ignored cannabis issues, the emergence of synthetic drugs since the late 1990’s has been a key distraction. This assessment provides commentary on the successful drug control frameworks operating in other countries that have achieved significant reductions in other illicit drug abuse in recent years through recognising and targeting cannabis as the major contributing first drug in the chain towards other drug abuse. Although New Zealand has been affected to some extent by the general trend of global trivialisation of cannabis, further action should be taken to reduce both the supply and demand for cannabis. The challenge is for government to review and where appropriate strengthen measures to reduce cannabis prevalence over the long term to contribute to reducing the prevalence of other illicit drugs. Details: Wellington, DC: New Zealand National Drug Intelligence Bureau, 2007. 111p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 9, 2012 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/resources/2008/Cannabis_Strategic_Assessment_Final3_2007_mirror.pdf Year: 2007 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Drug Control Shelf Number: 117835 |
Author: Evans, Nikki Title: 1 | D A R E R e v i e w & E v a l u a t i o n P r o j e c t R e p o r t – J a n u a r y 2 0 0 9 F u l l R e p o r t : D A R E t o b e Y o u & D A R E t o M o v e O n Review and Evaluation of Two Community Delivered DARE Programmes; DARE to be Y Summary: Addressing the causes of problematic, antisocial or criminal behaviour is the approach that has the most potential to reduce the likelihood of young people developing problematic behaviour and reducing recidivism in youth who have already begun to offend (McLaren, 2000). Therefore, early or “just in time” interventions are important components of a continuum of intervention responses available to professionals working with young people. Of course, such programmes must be designed to meet the needs of the young people involved. Much research has considered the individual and environmental factors that contribute to the development of aggressive or antisocial behaviour in children and adolescents. Multiple factors models suggest that various causal factors interact to result in an individual pathway to problematic social behaviour, or, at worst, offending behaviour (Shepard & Farrington, 1995; Withecomb, 1997). The idea that some factors contribute to the development or continued engagement in problematic behaviour more than others is, essentially, the basis of risk prediction tools. An assessment of the particular risk factors present for each youth should guide the intervention they receive within a best practice model. The purpose, nature and scope of this assessment may vary significantly across agencies and intervention contexts. Nonetheless, attention to assessment and planned intervention is a foundation of best-practice interventions. In terms of minor criminal behaviour, this means that the presence of particular individual or social risk factor that is correlated with risk of re-offending is assessed. Through ongoing research and recent clinical developments, more is known now about what works in reducing problematic or offending behaviour by youth than ever before. This research and clinical literature is reviewed as a part of this review and evaluation of the DARE to be You and Dare to Move On programmes provided by the DARE Foundation. The review concentrates on research findings and clinical reports that examine effective interventions for youth, including consideration of treatment components and aspects of programme delivery to establish the relevance and appropriateness of the goals, methods and materials of the two DARE programmes. Details: Christchurch, NZ: University of Canterbury, 2009. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 27, 2012 at: http://dare.org.nz/cms/imagelibrary/100250.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Antisocial Behavior Shelf Number: 126115 |
Author: Carpenter, Craig Title: Young People and Desistance from Crime: Perspectives from New Zealand Summary: This thesis examines the process by which young people stop, or „desist‟ from, criminal offending in New Zealand. It does so by presenting insights on desistance gained from observations and interviews with young ex-offenders and those who work closely with them. In doing so, it avoids the exaggerated responses to youth crime expressed in political rhetoric and the popular media, and instead focuses on factors that are deemed most valuable in desistance by those most involved. This primary research is presented in the context of the existing literature that establishes desistance as a process influenced by the interaction of multiple variables including individual, social, and structural factors. Analysis of structural factors highlights the need for young people, especially those who experience economic marginalisation or racial discrimination, to be provided with opportunities to change. While the current New Zealand youth justice system generally does well to limit the negative impact of formal system contact for young people, it is noted that the focus on individual plans and strategies fails to adequately address social relations and structural conditions that are integral to desistance processes. The results of this study show that young desisters have mainstream aspirations for stable employment and relationships. Key factors of desistance identified in this study include the influence of „growing up‟, family support and positive relationships. In other words, desistance from crime was the result of moving towards something positive in life. It is therefore argued that desistance is also more likely to be sustained with ongoing personal and social support. Rather than being passive victims of structural inequalities, or completely rational actors, this study found young desisters to be influenced by a combination of structural, social and individual factors. The ultimate recommendation is to enhance existing policy through wider strategies that address structural issues, such as poverty and unemployment, together with the development of social and cultural capital, so that desistance processes can be further encouraged in New Zealand‟s young offenders. Details: Wellington, NC: Victoria University of Wellington, 2012. 122p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed September 11, 2012 at: http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10063/2047/thesis.pdf?sequence=2 Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Desistance Shelf Number: 126293 |
Author: Makwana, Bea Title: Heretaunga Tiaki Tamariki Project: Outcome Evaluation Summary: In 2002 Heretaunga Tiaki Tamariki project (HTT), based in Hastings was one of 14 community youth programmes selected nationally to reduce youth offending. The programme received $510,000 over three years. HTT is a community youth programme aimed at reducing repeat offending of high-risk young people aged between 11 and 17 years, and is located in the Flaxmere Police Station. The entry criteria required clients to have already offended; or to have come to police attention; to have truancy issues; and/or care and protection issues; and may experience substance abuse problems. There was a maximum of 5 families per caseworker, with an anticipated throughput of 15-20 clients per year. This outcome evaluation considers the effectiveness of HTT over three years, 2003-2005. During this time 26 clients aged between 11 and 16 years were accepted onto the programme; all but two identified as Mäori. This evaluation found: • the success of the case plans was dependant on both the level of engagement by the client and the types of goals that were set. • social and family environments are complex and the provision of holistic interventions is difficult. • there is a need to clarify the client’s responsibility within case plans, particularly in relation to educational outcomes and the reduction of offending and seriousness of offending. • overtime interagency collaboration improved and HTT had more visibility in the community. • the programme was not able to demonstrate a reduction in offending and seriousness of offending. A strength of HTT was being located in a local police station and the consequent relationships that were established. The programme also had qualified staff and comprehensive filing and review systems. However, there was room for HTT to promote greater client responsibility, and awareness of HTT as a programme within the community. More generally, the evaluation has noted that both Police and Ministry of Justice can improve their ongoing monitoring and support of community youth programmes, particularly in the initial implementation and training stages. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2007. 79p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 12, 2012 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/resources/2007/heretaunga-tiaki-tamariki/heretaunga-tiaki-tamariki-project-outcome-evaluation.pdf Year: 2007 Country: New Zealand Keywords: At-risk Youth Shelf Number: 126304 |
Author: Des Forges, Michaela Title: Marking Space and Making Place: Geographies and Graffiti in Wellington, New Zealand Summary: Contemporary graffiti dates from the 1960s when hip-hop style graffiti grew in popularity amongst youth in Philadelphia and New York. It has since spread throughout the world and its various forms and styles are considered both art and vandalism. In Aotearoa New Zealand, graffiti is seen in most urban areas and is regarded as a major problem for local authorities. Despite this, research concerning graffiti in New Zealand is sparse. This research contributes to emerging work on graffiti in Wellington and New Zealand. It aims to provide an insight into the geographies of graffiti in Wellington by exploring the visual, spatial, and temporal aspects of graffiti, as well as the social dynamics informing its production and distribution. Using this information I investigate parallels between what is happening locally and what has been documented in international research. To carry out the research aims, I employed qualitative observations of selected sites around the city over time and used photographs to interpret and document graffiti. I also carried out semi-structured interviews with some graffitists, in addition to people involved in city safety and efforts to stop graffiti. In framing the research I specifically draw from critical geography writing on discourse, power, resistance, place, and space which are particularly salient in regards to graffiti. The research documents similarities with international research in regards to the motivations, rules, and visual, temporal, and spatial aspects. However, Wellington graffitists interact with, and utilise, the city’s space in unique and multifaceted ways which reflect and exhibit localised differences worthy of consideration internationally. For instance, graffitists use, view, and read the urban environment in ways that result in them having an intimacy with the urban environment. Additionally, graffitists think about where they place their graffiti with regards to property, location, intended audiences, and observance to subculture rules. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: School of Geography, Environment & Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, 2011. 139p. Source: Masters Thesis: Internet Resource: Accessed September 16, 2012 at http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10063/2021/thesis.pdf?sequence=2 Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Analysis Shelf Number: 126349 |
Author: Tapper, Sarah Title: Testing the Assumption of Behavioural Consistency in a New Zealand Sample of Serial Rapists Summary: One of the assumptions that underlies the profiling process is that criminals are behaviourally consistent from one offence to another. To date, however, this is an assumption that has not been scientifically validated. The present study therefore tested the assumption of behavioural consistency in serial rape offences. The author collected dichotomous data on 30 behavioural variables for a total of 439 offences committed by 121 serial rapists in New Zealand. There were two main research aims of the study. The first aim was to test the behavioural consistency of a range of individual behaviours. It was hypothesised that higher consistency would be found for behaviours that reflected a degree of planning or that prioritised control of the victim and the offence environment, because these behaviours might be less affected by environmental factors. In contrast, many sexual behaviours arise directly out of offender-victim interactions and therefore are most affected by environmental factors such as victim resistance. It was therefore also hypothesised that sexual behaviours would display lower consistency. A consistency measure was used that compared behaviour in consecutive offences. Consistency for each behaviour was defined as present-present or absent-absent matches of that behaviour in consecutive offences. The degree of consistency for any behaviour will be reflected in the consistency score received by that variable based on the number of matches for that behaviour across the offence series. The consistency analysis found moderate to high levels of consistency for the majority of individual behaviours. As predicted, higher consistency was exhibited for behaviours that prioritised control of the victim and the offence environment, and lower consistency was exhibited for the sexual behaviours. The second research aim was that if behavioural consistency was found in the results of the consistency analysis, to explore whether there were any underlying patterns to the consistency of offending behaviour. A factor analysis of the consistency scores established that there are clear patterns to the behavioural consistency of offenders consistent with previous analysis of offence characteristics. The factor analysis resulted in three themes or domains to behaviour: hostility, involvement and control. These findings have theoretical implications for the assumption of behavioural consistency in serial rapists, for the concepts of modus operandi and signature in offence behaviour, and for the theoretical understanding of the profiling process. The findings also have practical implications for the practice of profiling and case linkage in New Zealand, and raise possibilities for future directions in research. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: Victoria University of Wellington, 2008. 286p. Source: Doctoral Thesis: Internet Resource: Accessed September 16, 2012 at http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10063/1196/thesis.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Criminal Behavior, Prediction of Shelf Number: 126350 |
Author: Bellringer, Maria Title: Problem Gambling -- Formative Investigation of the Links Between Gambling (Including Problem Gambling) and Crime in New Zealand Summary: Crime (illegal behaviours) constitutes a continuum ranging from undetected, unreported, and unprosecuted crimes through to prosecuted, convicted and sentenced crimes; any of these may be associated with gambling/problem gambling. There may also be behaviours considered marginally illegal, for example welfare beneficiaries obtaining additional benefit and not disclosing that benefit money has been used for gambling, or business owners using business cash for gambling and not declaring cash as income for tax purposes. These behaviours are difficult to detect and even if detected may be considered morally socially unacceptable but not necessarily criminal and thus not reported to police. There may also be other behaviours, for example embezzlement of employer funds or stealing from family that are clearly criminal and may be detected, but are not likely to be reported to save embarrassment of either the victim or the perpetrator, or even to protect the perpetrator. In some instances, these crimes are not readily linked to gambling. Additionally, there are financial crimes to support gambling, situational crimes associated with gambling venues, violence associated with gambling and family/whanau crime associated with gambling. In November 2006, the Gambling and Addictions Research Centre at Auckland University of Technology, in collaboration with the Centre for Gambling Studies at the University of Auckland, was commissioned by the Ministry of Health to conduct the research project Problem gambling - Formative investigation of the links between gambling (including problem gambling) and crime in New Zealand. The purpose of this project was to develop a better understanding of the nature of the links between gambling and crime, with particular reference to unreported crime and the nature of the resulting harms experienced by individuals, families/whanau and communities. Details: Auckland, NZ: Gambling and Addictions Research Centre, Auckland University of Technology and Centre for Gambling Studies, University of Auckland, 2009. 124p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 17, 2012 at: http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/2011/Report%20Final%209%20February%202009.pdf?sequence=2 Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Gambling and Crime (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 126359 |
Author: Cunningham, Sonia Title: Outcome Evaluation of Police Youth at Risk Programmes July 1997 to June 2000 Summary: This outcome evaluation of the 14 Police Youth at Risk programmes is based on data from the period July 1997 to June 2000, and aims to assess the extent to which each programme met the Police objectives, and overall effectiveness of each programme. The Government’s 1994 crime prevention strategy identified seven goals, one of which specified the establishment of preventative programmes targeted youth at risk of offending. As a result, the 1997 Crime Prevention Youth at Risk (CPYAR) package, dedicated to the three fiscal years beginning July 1997, invested $8.7 million in Youth at Risk strategies. The package was aimed at diverting youth from a criminal lifestyle and preventing their entering the criminal justice system. Of the $8.7 million, approximately $2 million was allocated to the New Zealand Police to develop ‘youth at risk of offending programmes’ throughout New Zealand. In addition, $400,000 of Police baseline funds per year and nine additional full-time police officer salaries were allocated to the development and operation of these programmes. Funding was allocated to 14 programmes throughout New Zealand. Three existing programmes were allocated funding: Mount Roskill Community Approach, an Auckland community-based programme; Operation New Direction, a mentoring programme in Dunedin; and Turn Your Life Around (TYLA), an Auckland school-based programme. Five programmes were established in the five identified ‘hot spots’ of New Zealand (these areas were Kaikohe, Mangere, Hamilton, Gisborne, and Christchurch). An additional six programmes were selected for development on the basis of business cases provided by the Police districts of Glen Innes, Tauranga, Wainuiomata, Nelson, Rangiora, and Dunedin. Police defined five objectives for the programmes based on the Crime Prevention package requirements: To develop a strategic approach to participant selection and programme implementation; To build the supportive capacity of participants’ families; To prevent or reduce offending by children and young people attending police ‘youth at risk’ programmes; To foster the integration of Police programmes with other agency and community initiatives; and To be a demonstration project for the movement of police resources into proactive intervention. The programmes were measured against these objectives for the purpose of the evaluation. Details: Wellington, NZ: The Evaluation Unit, Office of the Commissioner, New Zealand Police, 2002. 245p., app. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 21, 2012 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/resources/2002/youth-at-risk/outcome-evaluation-of-police-youth-at-risk-programmes-1997-to-2000.pdf Year: 2002 Country: New Zealand Keywords: At-Risk Youth (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 126394 |
Author: Brown, Melanie Title: Family Violence Risk Assessment: Review of International Research Summary: This literature review presents an overview of the international research and best practice literature on family violence risk assessment from over the last decade. It was undertaken for the New Zealand Police to inform any changes they may wish to make to their own family violence risk assessment processes. For that reason it has an emphasis on the literature as it relates to Police organisations, rather than other sectors such as healthcare providers who also have a role in family violence risk assessment. As the New Zealand Police are particularly interested in reducing serious harm and lethality (homicide) from family violence, the focus of this review was literature related to assessing the risk of reassault likely to cause serious harm or lethality. However, few risk assessment tools have been designed to assess lethality and few studies have attempted to identify risk factors specific to lethality—so, in addition to examining those that do, the review also examines the research on predicting reassault, which is increasingly aiming to predict the severity and frequency of reassault as the science of risk assessment becomes more sophisticated. This review outlines the approaches and tools used in family violence risk assessment, the most common risk factors for future violence, and what is known about the effectiveness of the different tools at predicting future violence. The review also sets out what the research says about the use of risk assessment in practice, especially by Police, and the implications for effective risk management. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Police, 2011. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 24, 2012 at http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/2011-08-04-fv-risk-assessment-review-of-research.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Assault (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 126413 |
Author: Mossman, Elaine Title: Research to Validate the New Zealand Police Youth Offending Risk Screening Tool (YORST) Phase I: Screening and Assessment of Young Offenders Risk of Recidivism: Literature Review Summary: This report responds to a request by the New Zealand Police to conduct a literature review of risk screening instruments for youth offenders, with a particular focus on the methods used to establish validity and reliability of these tools, including validation across cultures. The purpose of the literature review is to inform a larger project that aims to assess the validity, reliability and predictive capability of the New Zealand Police Youth Offending Risk Screening Tool (YORST). Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2010. 87p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on September 24, 2012 at http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/yorst-screening-and-assessment-of-young-offenders-literature-review.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Juvenile Offenders (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 126440 |
Author: Mossman, Elaine Title: Research to Validate the New Zealand Police Youth Offending Risk Screening Tool (YORST) Phase II: Predictive Ability Analysis Summary: Predicting recidivism in young offenders is not an easy task and none of the currently available risk assessment tools do exceptionally well at this. The predictive ability of the YORST was as good, and in some cases better than other well established and more comprehensive risk assessment tools. This is a good achievement for New Zealand Police, particularly considering the comparative brevity of the YORST screen with just 14 items. Analysis presented in this report has revealed that modifications to the existing YORST through the re-coding of items, applying weights to predictive items or including additional predictor variables were able to improve slightly its predictive ability. However, of particular value has been the identification of items which are most important in predicting recidivism. Identification of these items has important implications for the practical application of the YORST. Predicting recidivism in young offenders is not an easy task and none of the currently available risk assessment tools do exceptionally well at this. The predictive ability of the YORST was as good, and in some cases better than other well established and more comprehensive risk assessment tools. This is a good achievement for New Zealand Police, particularly considering the comparative brevity of the YORST screen with just 14 items. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2010. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 24, 2012 at http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/yorst-predictive-ability-analysis.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Juvenile Offenders (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 126441 |
Author: Cunningham, Sonia Title: Formative Evaluation of Neighbourhood Policing Teams in Counties Manukau District - Final Report Summary: The introduction of Neighbourhood Policing Teams (NPTs) in New Zealand was a result of a number of factors: the then Commissioner's vision for introducing the teams in New Zealand based on what he had seen in England and Wales; the Police Executive placing emphasis on a preventive policing approach; and, Counties Manukau District considering options for how to deploy an additional 300 staff to ensure a reduction in demand for policing services in their District: one of which was the implementation of NPTs in vulnerable communities. High-level outcomes expected from the implementation of NPTs in New Zealand are: a reduction in crime and crash, the community feeling safer, and an increase in levels of trust and confidence in, and satisfaction with the police. Whilst it is intended that NPTs tailor their approach to be appropriate for the communities they are working within, a number of key activities are expected: Be active and visible in communities; Engage with communities to understand what the crime and safety priorities are within the community; and, Solve these problems by working with the community and in partnership with other agencies. The evaluation of NPTs consists of two phases: formative, which focuses on the development and establishment of NPTs; and process-outcomes, which will focus on how the teams are operating and how effective they are. This report is a summary of findings from formative evaluation of NPTs in Counties Manukau District. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Police, 2011. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 13, 2012 at http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/formative-evaluation-neighbourhood-policing-teams-counties-manukau.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Community Policing (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 126685 |
Author: Cunningham, Sonia Title: Evaluation of the Implementation of Investigative Interviewing Training and Assessment (Level 1). Final Report Summary: The 2008 NZ Police Investigative Interviewing strategy aims to improve investigative interviewing, the quality of investigations and professionalism of staff. Staff are trained in the PEACE1 interviewing framework and a competency framework for the accreditation of staff has been implemented. This report presents findings of a process evaluation of implementation of Level 1 investigative interviewing. The evaluation focused on how the training and accreditation processes are being implemented, monitoring and supervision of interviews and improvements that could be made to these processes. The extent of the use of the framework, access to resources and perceptions of progress towards intended outcomes of the Investigative Interviewing strategy use of PEACE were also examined. The evaluation findings are based on analysis of data collected from a number of sources, including in-depth interviews, focus groups, surveys, human resources data and background documentation. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zeland Police, Organisational Assurance Group, Evaluation Services, 2010. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 19, 2012 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/2010-10-20-invest-int-process-eval.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Police Interrogation Shelf Number: 126749 |
Author: Kingi, Venezia Title: Police Safety Orders Formative Evaluation. Summary Report Summary: On 1 July 2010 Police Safety Orders (PSOs) were introduced as an additional option for police officers when dealing with family violence incidents. This formative evaluation has provided encouraging preliminary findings on the implementation of this initiative. Overall, PSOs have been well received by both police and the community and are generally being executed as intended, strengthening the range of responses available to police when dealing with family violence incidents. However, some barriers to their effective implementation were noted and, accordingly, there are a few areas where improvement can be made to enhance the efficacy of this tool. Adequacy of resources, training and processes Survey respondents and police interviewees reported high levels of participation in PSO-related training that they perceived had prepared them well to issue and serve PSOs. Both forms of training were found useful (Te Puna E-learning and classroombased), but officers favoured the classroom-based style training. Police made a number of suggestions for improvements around learning processes that included refresher training for both police and court staff. There was a range of PSO-related information available to frontline officers that included the Family Violence Policy and Procedures Manual which was rated highly by officers. However, most frontline officers stated that they relied heavily on their commanding officers and the Family Violence Co-ordinator for support and information. Frontline officers had, in general, found the new processes associated with issuing and serving a PSO to be efficient. Participating support agencies rated Police Officers’ knowledge of PSOs highly. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2012. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 19, 2012 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/police-safety-orders-formative-evaluation-2011.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 126751 |
Author: Alach, Zhivan Title: A Tough Nut to Crack: Performance Measurement in Specialist Policing Summary: In the past two decades, public sector performance (and by extension police performance) has become increasingly important, especially in the Western world. However, while there is extensive academic work being done on the generalist tasks undertaken by most policemen every day, there has been very little attention paid to specialist policing performance. This is of some concern, as specialist policing presents a number of interesting challenges to the observer, particularly in terms of clearly identifying the role played by specialist policing in achieving larger outcomes. This report examines the issue of performance reporting in the specialist policing field and describes the development of an innovative performance framework for specialist policing by the Auckland Metropolitan Crime and Operational Support (AMCOS), a specialist policing unit of the New Zealand Police. There has been increasing attention paid to public sector performance management in recent years, and many Western police forces have correspondingly become increasingly performance-focused, despite the challenges they face in doing so. The benefits that can accrue from performance measurement include improving value for money, improving managerial competency and increasing accountability (Collier 2006). But difficulties that relate to so-called ‘perverse behaviours’ can also arise (Loveday 2005: 98), where for a variety of reasons, performance measures become more important than the valuable activities they seek to describe. Adopting performance measures for specialist policing has introduced its own set of challenges. Specialist policing is most easily defined by specifying what it is not—it is not the general, reactive patrol and investigative capability that comprises the majority of most police forces. Rather, specialist policing comprises two main categories— technical units, such as forensics and specialist operational units (eg helicopter, dog), and niche units, which are often investigative units engaged in proactive operations against a particular subcategory of criminality (eg drugs). The general lack of performance measurement attention that has been paid to specialist policing activities is likely related to issues of responsibility. Technical units provide a small part of a greater outcome and identifying what part they played in that outcome can be almost impossible. Niche units face even greater challenges, as their work can be lost among a much larger quantity of generalist activity. As such, it seems most rewarding to focus specialist policing performance measurement on outputs, at least until there is sufficient theory to take the next step to an outcome focus. The AMCOS performance framework was developed locally, to guard against the imposition of a more generic model as well as promote flexibility and an emphasis on improvement rather than accountability. The framework, while focused on specialist policing outputs, is clearly linked to outcomes at the strategic level. The four main categories of the framework fall within the broader concept of technical and niche units described previously and comprise: • forensic performance measures; • operations support performance measures; • intelligence performance measures; and • investigations performance measures. Identifying and developing measures for these categories was affected by different considerations, for example, the general absence of agreed definitions and reliable data on which to frame investigations performance measures and the contributory rather than absolute effect that forensics units have on major police outputs and outcomes. Five factors were identified as being either critical in the development or implementation of such a framework. These were: • the importance of managerial support; • the value of consulting previous work, • the necessity of consultation, • issues around identifying respective shares of specialist resources to other policing groups, and • recognition of ongoing difficulties with measuring the performance of niche units. The next evolution of the AMCOS performance framework will focus on improving an understanding of the links between outputs and outcomes. AMCOS is currently working towards aligning and integrating performance measurement into its business planning, project management and risk management frameworks. The end goal is to have a centrally directed, but locally managed, performance management framework based on core strategic goals, which is integrated into planning and project management processes. This integration is operating on the principle that performance is only valuable if it serves as the basis for action. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2012. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Technical and Background Paper 53: Accessed November 2, 2012 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/F/F/6/%7BFF65539E-BE83-45F6-BA97-1BA6959CCD1B%7Dtbp053.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Forensics Shelf Number: 126823 |
Author: McLaren, Kaye Title: Alternative Actions that Work: A Review of the Research on Police Warnings and Alternative Actions with Children and Young People Summary: Alternative Actions that Work’ is a review of research on ‘what works’ in Police Warnings and Alternative Actions with children and young people who offend. The emphasis of the review is on the practical implications for those in the field. ‘Alternative Actions that Work’ links high quality international research with each step of the Police youth Alternative Action and Warning processes in New Zealand. The document is in two sections, beginning with an overview of Police youth diversion systems in New Zealand and overseas. The second section draws on international and New Zealand research on Police diversion and restorative justice and describes 23 effectiveness principles, starting with overarching principles, followed by principles that relate to the various stages of the youth diversion process. These effectiveness principles have been distilled into 11 key findings that are outlined below. Details: Wellington, NZ: Police Youth Services Group, New Zealand Police, 2011. 118p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 5, 2012 at: http://www.rethinking.org.nz/assets/Young_People_and_Crime/Alternative_Actions_2011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Juvenile Diversion Shelf Number: 126881 |
Author: Liu, Francis Ju-Ting Title: The Condition of Security of Gated Communities under Private Governance: findings from residents’ experiences and opinions Summary: The number of gated communities is rapidly increasing worldwide. Although security has always been one of the most appealing features of gated communities, studies show that there is no significant difference in crime rates between gated communities and surrounding non-gated neighbourhoods. How safe are gated communities? How effective are the enhanced security measures of gated communities in preventing crime? Are residents responsible for the condition of security in gated communities? All these questions need to be addressed to improve the safety and security of residents of gated communities. The study aims to examine the condition of security of gated communities by drawing on the experiences and opinions of residents. It used a quantitative approach, with a descriptive methodology. Surveys were distributed to residents of seven sample gated communities in Auckland. Survey results were analysed by descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations. In conclusion, the study found that the condition of security of Auckland gated communities is generally good as experienced and perceived by surveyed residents. ‘Security’ was regarded as one of the most significant factors for moving into a gated community. The majority of residents felt safe and secure both inside the property and within the community, and believed that their community was experiencing less crime than surrounding neighbourhoods. The study also found that the building manager, rather than the Owners’ Committee or the Body Corporate secretary, was identified as the most significant agent in the management of security related issues. The building manager was heavily relied by both residents and members of the Owners’ Committee. The study has presented basic findings about gated communities in the light of security and private governance. However, more research is needed to obtain sufficient data to discover the elements of successful crime prevention for gated communities. Details: Wellington, NZ: School of Social and Cultural Studies Victoria University of Wellington, 2010. 165p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed November 9, 2012 at: http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10063/1490/thesis.pdf?sequence=2 Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Prevention Shelf Number: 126898 |
Author: New Zealand Police, Evaluation Services Team Title: Evaluation of the Canterbury Community Policing Demonstration Project Summary: The Canterbury Community Policing Demonstration Project was developed in response to a clear identification of community needs and targeted at specific communities. The District identified that the major malls and the University were sites for a range of ‘signal crimes’ and complaints from residents and businesses. The Community Crime Reduction Officer (CCRO) positions were created to engage with the communities and to address their issues in a cooperative fashion. The project shows many qualities of a successful community policing programme. Initial indications show that the CCROs are having a positive impact on their intermediate goals – engaging with the community, solving community problems, and ensuring greater availability and visibility of police. Information on the longer term outcome of community reassurance is generally positive but evidence of crime reduction is limited. In particular the statistical information shows no clear evidence of reduced crime, although this may be due to greater reporting. The placement of CCROs in small identifiable patches has enabled them to build strong relationships with local stakeholders and maintain a high level of visibility and availability. Stakeholders spoke favourably about the personal qualities of the officers. There was a particular emphasis on the way that the CCROs could be relied upon to follow up on complaints, which stakeholders did not have confidence that other police would do. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2009. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 9, 2012 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/2009-10-27-Canterbury-community-policing-evaluation.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Community Policing (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 126903 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Women's Affairs Title: Lightning Does Strike Twice: Preventing Sexual Revictimisation Summary: In 2009, the Ministry of Women's Affairs (MWA) published the findings from a cross-departmental research project on effective interventions for adult victim/survivors of sexual violence. The prevalence and impacts of repeat sexual victimisation (or sexual revictimisation) emerged as an issue of critical importance: preventing it could go a long way to addressing the costs of violence against women to individuals and society. On the basis of that evidence, MWA undertook some early discussions with government agencies and non-government organisations (NGOs), about their understandings of and responses to sexual revictimisation. The discussions indicated that understanding varied and that responses tend to focus on mitigating the impacts of sexual violence, rather than preventing it from happening again. Agencies also indicated that they would welcome an accessible summary of the research literature on sexual revictimisation. This report establishes a platform for identifying the policy and practice implications of sexual revictimisation and other forms of gender-based violence. It summarises key themes in the research literature on sexual revictimisation and includes insights and feedback obtained from workshops to discuss the research findings with representatives of key government agencies and NGOs in the sexual and family violence sectors. Overall the report presents a complex picture of sexual violence and revictimisation, as experienced by many women across the life course. It strengthens our understanding of the profound and far-reaching impacts of sexual victimisation in childhood, adolescence or adulthood. While sexual revictimisation of women is the main focus, the evidence highlights the links between sexual violence and other forms of gender-based violence, including men’s violence against their female intimate partners (IPV), childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and other types of child maltreatment. It underscores the importance of early identification of repeat victim/survivors, the need to break the cycle of repeat victimisation, and to provide consistent and appropriate support for survivors and their families and whānau, at a systemic level. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Women's Affairs, 2012. 73p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 9, 2012 at: http://www.mwa.govt.nz/news-and-pubs/publications/lightning-does-strike-twice-preventing-revictimisation.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Sexual Abuse Shelf Number: 126914 |
Author: Levine, Marlene Title: Case Studies of Community Initiatives Addressing Family Violence in Refugee and Migrant Communities Summary: This research describes the kinds of initiatives that were perceived by community members and service providers as working well in refugee and migrant communities and the conditions that encourage them to flourish. The report presents two case studies of community initiatives addressing family violence in refugee and migrant communities. Six other initiatives are described more briefly. These were chosen from a dozen recommended in the course of interviews with key informants from central, regional and local government, and from community organisations. The research was not intended to evaluate these initiatives and there was no analysis of client outcomes. The purpose was to learn from those involved in addressing family violence in refugee and migrant communities, and to get the voice of communities heard. It is hoped that these case studies will inspire community groups, service providers and government agencies, to initiate community-based programmes that address family violence. This research also aims to help fill the identified gap in New Zealand research on community-based programmes and family violence in refugee and migrant communities. The two case study initiatives are: • Umma Trust, which provides services and support aimed at empowering women, overcoming isolation and preventing family violence • Second Chance, which provides post-refuge education and training aimed at independence for survivors of intimate partner violence. Details: Wellington, NZ: Minsitry of Social Development and Ministry of Women's Affairs, 2011. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 1, 2012 at: www.msd.govt.nz Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 127050 |
Author: Independent Police Conduct Authority Title: Joint Thematic Review of Young Persons in Police Detention Summary: The joint thematic review of young persons in Police detention was conducted by the Independent Police Conduct Authority (IPCA), the Office of the Children’s Commissioner and the Human Rights Commission (HRC) and is the first joint review to be done as part of their independent monitoring mandate under the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT) in New Zealand. The review made 24 recommendations including that Police improve conditions of detention and the treatment of young people, improve information provided, Police training and reporting practices, review options for transport arrangements and continue to work with the IPCA, and Child, Youth and Family on reviewing practices. Details: Wellington, NZ: IPCA, 2012. 116p. Source: Accessed December 5, 2012 at: http://www.ipca.govt.nz/Site/media/2012/2012-October-23-Joint-Thematic-Review.aspx Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Juvenile Detention (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 127131 |
Author: Mossman, Elaine Title: Literature Reviews about the Barriers to Recruiting a Diverse Police Workforce Summary: The Crime and Justice Research Centre (CJRC) in collaboration with the Institute of Criminology has conducted to two literature reviews on the barriers to the recruitment into New Zealand Police of (i) women, (ii) Māori, Pacific and ethnic groups. The purpose of the literature reviews was to provide a fuller picture of recruitment issues both in New Zealand and internationally, and initiatives that have been implemented to address and/or mitigate these barriers. The reviews are to help New Zealand Police to identify good or innovative practice that might inform local approaches to recruitment. This literature was retrieved from a range of data sources including: existing collections (e.g., NZ Police Library and also that held by CJRC and the Institute of Criminology); academic databases of multidisciplinary journals (e.g., criminology, psychology, sociology and gender studies); and the internet (using google and google scholar, and searches of specific websites of government, professional and other organisations who produce criminological research). The review focused on literature from the past ten years, published academic research and government reports and policy documents. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand police, 2008. 76p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 29, 2013 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/resources/2008/nz-police-barriers-to-recruitment/nzp-barriers-to-recruitment.pdf Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Female Police Officers Shelf Number: 127429 |
Author: Curtis, Melina Title: Statistical Analysis and Summary of Themes Family Violence Death Reviews of Deaths between 2004 – 2011 Summary: This report includes data about family violence deaths that occurred between 2004 and Sept 2011, where a family violence death review was carried out. It does not include all FV deaths that occurred during the period. Family violence death victims were almost evenly proportioned across adult female (36%), adult male (31%) and child deaths (33%). Adult males were more commonly killed by people outside of their immediate family (not people they lived with) while women and children were most commonly killed by people who lived in the same house. Children were more often killed by their mothers than any other group of suspects: Fifteen out of 33 child victims (45%) were killed by their mothers. Five newborn babies (15% of child victims) were killed by women who concealed their pregnancy and killed the baby immediately after birth. Six children were killed by their mothers, prior to the mother committing suicide. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2012. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 11, 2013 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/family-violence-death-review-2004-2011.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Violence (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 127569 |
Author: Haitana, Bronwyn Title: Review of the New Zealand Police Youth Education Service Programmes Summary: The New Zealand Police Strategic Plan 2011 – 2015 (Police Strategic Plan) determines the role of Youth Education Services (YES) as one of the many New Zealand Police (Police) services working within the Police's vision of Safer Communities Together. The mission articulated through the strategy is to direct Police to work in partnership with communities to prevent crime and road trauma, enhance public safety and maintain public order. The Prevention First National Operating Strategy 2011 ‐ 2015 (Prevention First Strategy) sits within the Police Strategic Plan. The strategy focuses on 'putting prevention at the front of policing'. The strategy indicates that Police will work with other agencies, service providers and the community, particularly Maori, Pacific and ethnic groups, to address the underlying causes of offending and victimisation. Youth is one of the five areas of focus within the Prevention First Strategy and YES plays a vital part in meeting those outcomes for the Police. YES has on average 120 Police Education Officers (PEOs) per annum working in partnership with school principals, teachers and the school communities in 25001 schools throughout New Zealand. The YES curriculum identifies two strategic themes. Crime Prevention School Road Safety Education (SRSE) Currently YES provides twenty‐one primary and nine secondary programmes free to schools. There are programmes for primary, intermediate and secondary schools. The programmes are all designed to help children and young people lead confident, safe lives and are focussed on various key competencies and learning areas within the New Zealand Curriculum. Schools are seen as ideal settings in which to promote mental, emotional and social wellbeing for young people. As a result, both in New Zealand and overseas, a smorgasbord of road safety, social responsibility, violence prevention and drug education programmes are offered in schools, many delivered by outside providers. Internationally and nationally, the popularity of these educational interventions is a result of a desire to satisfy a number of goals within government and non‐government agencies. They allow authorities to be seen to be addressing a matter of public concern: they are plausible, both to those who create them and those who receive them; and they are politically non‐controversial, requiring no regulation. However, the evidence indicates that they are in large part ineffective. 5 In New Zealand, as well as overseas, it has become essential for education prevention providers to consider whether their programmes align with the New Zealand Curriculum and to provide outcome evidence that their prevention programmes are invariably making a difference for youth. With the increasing awareness of ineffective intervention and the lack of outcome‐based programmes YES identified the need to partake in a review of its programmes to: determine the education pedagogical2 principles within which effective YES programmes (within the YES key themes of Road Safety and Crime Prevention education) should be developed identify strengths and opportunities for improvement of YES programmes review and update systems and processes associated with the identification, development, implementation and evaluation of YES programmes investigate the current profile of youth offending and victimisation and any correlation with YES programmes. This review concludes that YES has an important role in creating the understanding that Police is an integral part of New Zealand society. The YES service has provided a wide range of printed education resources and education services since 1980 and it has helped Police to provide a presence for children and young people and a reassurance that policing involves both a preventative (educative) as well as an enforcement approach to building a safer community. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2012. 126p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 12, 2013 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/youth-education-service-programmes-review-full.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Prevention Shelf Number: 127590 |
Author: Gordon, Liz Title: A Study of the Children of Prisoners: Findings from Māori Data June 2011 Summary: This study reports on the Māori data collected as part of a research project on the children of prisoners carried out in 2009 and 2010, for Pillars, a community organisation that works with the families of prisoners. It begins with the voices of four tamariki who each have a parent in prison. They tell us about their lives, good and bad. The findings of this study – the first of its kind in Aotearoa New Zealand - shows where many of the problems lie and what kind of interventions may be successful. Community engagement, more effective health and education interventions and a justice system that is mindful of the needs of the children, can together go a long way towards reducing intergenerational imprisonment. Details: Wellington, NZ: Te Puni Kōkiri, 2011. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 22, 2013 at: http://thehub.superu.govt.nz/project/study-children-prisoners-findings-m%C4%81ori-data Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Children of Prisoners (New Zealand Shelf Number: 127698 |
Author: Mossman, Elaine Title: Victims of Crime in the Adult Criminal Justice System: A Stocktake of the Literature Summary: This report responds to a request by the Ministry for a literature review that collates, describes and evaluates the evidence base relating to appropriate responses to victims of crime in the adult criminal justice system. The aim of this literature review is to summarise available evidence that can be used to: inform the development of the Victims Code and the Victims Centre’s thinking on strategies to further improve victim services assist agencies dealing with victims of crime to provide the best support possible inform the Ministry’s future work and planning, such as by identifying information gaps about optimal responses to victims of certain crimes and certain subgroups of victims. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Ministry of Justice, 2012. 121p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 9, 2013 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/v/victims-of-crime-literature-review/publication Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Victim Services Shelf Number: 127908 |
Author: New Zealand. Department of Corrections, Strategy, Policy and Planning Title: What Works Now? A review and update of research evidence relevant to offender rehabilitation practices within the Department of Corrections Summary: A substantial body of research evidence, known as the “What Works” literature, was influential in the design of the Department’s current sentence management framework. This literature revolved around a number of key principles of correctional rehabilitation which, if adhered to in the design and delivery of services, would reliably lead to reduced rates of re-offending. The principles of effective correctional rehabilitation can be divided into three major domains, namely risk, targets and “responsivity”. It is now more than ten years since the main features of the existing sentence management framework were adopted. The current review examines new research published over the last decade that relates to these three domains. In doing so, the approach taken was not limited to publications directly aligned with the “what works” paradigm; the goal was to consider all new evidence which related to effective correctional rehabilitation. The main findings of the review are presented below under the headings relating to each of the three main domain areas. In relation to risk assessment, the current review concludes that knowledge of an offender’s relative likelihood of recidivism remains valuable in supporting effective correctional treatment. Evidence confirming the accuracy and utility of a variety of risk assessment tools has continued to accumulate. Structured risk prediction tools have been adopted in countries around the world, and are in use in a range of ways to assist efficient offender management. The utility of risk data has been demonstrated in serving both incapacitative and rehabilitative goals. With respect to the latter, the principle that treatment should be targeted at medium- and high-risk offenders, rather than low-risk offenders, has continued to receive empirical support. Risk prediction tools have proliferated, and principles for their optimal use have become clearer. For the general offender population, research suggests that risk tools should be clearly structured to assess static (stable, enduring) risk factors or both static and dynamic (more changeable) factors. Accurate estimations of risk can also be produced by tools that guide clinical judgement. Assessing acute (highly changeable) factors can also provide guidance about whether offending may be imminent. More recently, innovations have included risk assessment tools that are specific to certain types of offending, especially violent and sexual recidivism, and these specialised risk assessment tools have been proven to be more accurate than generic risk tools. Similarly, more accurate estimations of risk can be produced when specific tools are used for youth offenders and to assess psychopathic offenders. Finally, there is now some evidence suggesting that assessment of positive characteristics in an offender’s life (skills, strengths and social resources) are relevant to risk of re-offending, and should be included in an overall risk assessment. The current review adopts the term “target” to refer to those aspects of the offender’s personality, lifestyle or circumstances which, if effectively remedied in some way, lead to positive (reduced re-offending) outcomes. The term replaces the previous “criminogenic need” concept, which is no longer as widely accepted. From an examination of published outcome studies, the following personal characteristics continue to show value as a focus for correctional intervention: • anti-social attitudes and beliefs • anti-social peer associations • deviant sexual interests • substance abuse and dependency • poor self-management and problem-solving skills • familial conflict and dysfunction • psychiatric disorders • education and employment related deficits. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Department of Corrections, 2009. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 15, 2013 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/research.html Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Correctional Programs Shelf Number: 119149 |
Author: King, Lucy Title: Tai Aroha – The First Two Years: A formative evaluation of a residential community based programme for offenders Summary: Since October 2007, the number of community-based sentencing options available to the judiciary increased. This led to an increase in the number of offenders in the community requiring rehabilitative interventions. Although the range of rehabilitative options increased, very few programmes focused on the highest risk offender group. Community Residential Centres (CRCs), such as Montgomery House, were originally established to deliver services for high risk offenders in the community but rarely did so, leaving a service gap. In addition, offenders attending the CRCs were on temporary release from prison rather than being permanently in the community. To address these issues, the Psychological Services of the Department developed and tested an intensive residential rehabilitation programme for male offenders serving community sentences. In November 2008, the Executive Management Team (EMT) agreed that this programme would be an open rolling programme with content based on the 300- hour programme delivered in the Special Treatment Units in prison (particularly the Violence Prevention Unit) and the Medium Intensity Rehabilitation Programme. It included a specific focus on the needs of Māori offenders. The Tai Aroha therapeutic community was based on the hierarchical model described by De Leon (20001). The format involved full residence (24 hours, 7 days per week) with an expected stay of 14 to 16 weeks. Offenders transitioned through 4 phases from orientation to full community living over the course of the programme. The core programme (including skills training) was based on best practice principles in offender rehabilitation and adhered to risk, needs and responsivity principles. Cognitive behavioural and relapse prevention informed treatment. Elements of the Good Lives Model were incorporated to enhance programme responsivity. Targets for treatment included: antisocial attitudes and offence-related thinking, antisocial and criminal associates, emotion and behaviour self-regulation difficulties, relationship problems (marital and family), impaired self-management and/ or problem solving skills, and alcohol and drug abuse. The programme was based on open group membership where new residents joined as former residents exited. To graduate residents had to complete assignments associated with each core module and achieve programme learning objectives. The design phase produced a complete group treatment programme containing 10 modules and related assignments. The modules were. 1. Assessment 2. Orientation (includes mindfulness and distress tolerance) 3. Aspirations 4. Life history and self-evaluation 5. Acceptance of responsibility/restructuring problem and offence-related thinking 6. Offence pathways 7. Emotional management 8. Substance abuse management 9. Relationship management 10. Relapse prevention. Details: Wellington, NZ: Psychological Services, Department of Corrections, 2012. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 15, 2013 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/641218/COR_Tai_Aroha_WEB.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alternatives to Incarceration Shelf Number: 127965 |
Author: Kilgour, Glen Title: Breaking the Cycle of Crime: Special Treatment Unit Evaluation Report Summary: This summary report outlines a multi-layered evaluation of the performance and effectiveness of the four High Risk Special Treatment Units (HRSTUs) run by the Department of Corrections, New Zealand. Projects covered the description of programme participants, completers’ perceptions of the programme, programme integrity, pre- and post-programme results on psychometric measures, misconduct rates following treatment and recidivism outcomes. The evaluation found that: • The HRSTUs are generally targeting the offenders for which they were designed; Maori participants are represented in proportion to their presence within the high risk prisoner population. • The programmes are well received by programme completers; the units are typically regarded as ‘safe’ places that effectively challenge antisocial thinking and behaviour. • Programme integrity is generally satisfactory but changes in some areas could improve the ‘therapeutic community’ aspect of the environment and other indicators of integrity (e.g. supervision, staff selection, adherence to manuals). • Initial indications show changes in the right direction on several measures of programme outcome including psychometric testing results, prison incidents, and recidivism. The recommendations are divided into five sections: changes to programme eligibility criteria; HRSTU programme improvements; post-programme support and reintegration; general management of the units, and ongoing research and evaluation. The recommendations include: • reviewing the use of key programme assessment measures • refining aspects of the selection and retention of programme participants • ensuring regular and robust supervision of programme staff • improving post-treatment support, release planning, and reintegration initiatives for programme attendees • changing structural aspects of the programme and improving staff selection procedures and training to strengthen the therapeutic community • maintaining an ongoing evaluative component of the programme following an internal review of appropriate psychometric measures and the model of data capture. Details: Wellington, NZ: Psychological Services Department of Corrections, 2012. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 15, 2013 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/641217/COR_Breaking_the_Cycle_of_Crime_WEB.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Correctional Programs Shelf Number: 127966 |
Author: Ludbrook, Maria Title: Youth Therapeutic Programmes: A Literature Review Summary: There is no doubt that youth offenders (i.e. those under 20) are a population of concern. New Zealand statistics show that youth aged 14 to 20 have the highest apprehension rates across major offence categories (MOJ 2010). Following release from prison, under 20 year-olds have the highest reconviction (88%) and reimprisonment (71%) rates within a 60-month period, with almost a quarter reoffending within three months of release, and almost half reoffending and returning to prison within 12 months. Prior incarceration increases the likelihood that youth will return to prison after any given release. First-timers to prison are 66% likely to return, and recidivist youth 88% likely to return within 60 months (Nadesu 2009b). Offenders at or near their peak offending age (i.e. those under 25) cause the most harm to society in any given year. Intervening before they reach their peak offending age gives more opportunity to prevent harm (Hughs 2010). While many youth grow out of criminal offending (or desist from crime more quickly), a small group persists and become New Zealand’s chronic low or high rate adult offenders. Nadesu (2009) suggested that intervening with young offenders within prisons should be a Departmental priority, as effective interventions are likely to have significant downstream benefits. This review was undertaken to identify the characteristics of effective programmes for young offenders. Effective programmes: are underpinned by sound theory and principles (cognitive behavioural, social learning); embody ‘therapeutic’ philosophies (i.e. involve development of new pro social skills); are cognitive behavioural in nature, and include anger management/aggression control and interpersonal skills training components in addition to the other core modules. They adhere to the principles of risk (i.e. interventions are commensurate with risk level), need (they target multiple criminogenic needs relevant to youth) and responsivity (i.e. CBT content and delivery are adapted to account for the differing characteristics of youth offenders). Effective programmes are implemented to a high quality, with close monitoring of treatment fidelity and programme integrity. Sound programmes also plan for generalisation, reintegration and after-care. Facilitators selected to deliver such programmes possess the desired interpersonal influence skills, and have adequate qualifications and/or training in CBT principles and techniques as they apply to the programme. Clinical supervision is delivered by a person who knows about the relevant programme. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Department of Corrections, 2012. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed march 18, 2013 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/641219/COR_Youth_Therapeutic_Program_WEB.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Intervention Programs Shelf Number: 128005 |
Author: Koziol-McLain, Jane Title: Hospital Responsiveness to Family Violence: 96 Month Follow-Up Evaluation Summary: The Ministry of Health (MOH) Violence Intervention Programme (VIP) seeks to reduce and prevent the health impacts of violence and abuse through early identification, assessment and referral of victims presenting to designated District Health Board (DHB) services. The Ministry of Health-funded national resources support a comprehensive, systems approach to addressing family violence. This evaluation summary documents the result of measuring system indicators at 27 hospitals (20 DHBs), providing Government, MOH and DHBs with information on family violence intervention programme implementation. Based on previous audit scores and programme maturity, 10 DHBs transitioned to self audit only for the 96 month follow-up audit, all other data is based on external audit scores for 2011/2012. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Ministry of Health, 2013. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 22, 2013 at: http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/hospital-responsiveness-family-violence-96-month-follow-evaluation Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 128076 |
Author: Young-Hauser, Amanda M. Title: Conversing with ‘Monsters’? Narratives about men who sexually abuse(d) children Summary: This research has examined multiperspectival narratives told about and by men who sexually abuse(d) children. Drawing on institutional, public and private narratives, I have explored how men who sexually abuse(d) children are characterised, how meanings about these men are created, and how their reintegrative prospects are understood. The project has encompassed five research elements: historical narratives evident in archival materials; media narratives evident in news articles; public discourse reflected in five focus groups; the accounts of support people of men who sexually abused reflected in one focus group; and the stories of ten men imprisoned for sexually abusing children elicited through pre-release and post-release conversations. These multiple levels of narration have allowed me to look within and across these settings to establish links and to demarcate points of convergence and departure of these diverse narratives. Results have suggested a mismatch between narratives about men who offend(ed) with those evident in the stories of support persons and the men themselves. The latter are anchored in, but contest the former; in particular the narrow representations of these men as inherently evil and not rehabilitatable. Subtle disruptions that question commonly held assumptions about men who sexually abuse(d) children and tell of alternative possibilities are evident in some narratives. My research shows that narratives can accumulate and reinforce assumptions over time and in many respects be discriminatory and exclusionary as well as being liberatory, enveloped in healing and open to change. By locating these men in their social environment and contextualising the crime, I examine the issues of child sex abuse from various angles. This research offers a more inclusive perspective on men who offend(ed) against children that can contribute to broadening public dialogue regarding the characterizations of these men, issues of community reintegration and repairing people’s lives. Details: Hamilton, New Zealand: University of Waikato, 2010. 414p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 15, 2013 at: http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/4450 Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Sexual Abuse Shelf Number: 128744 |
Author: WAVES Trust Title: Changes Impacting Referrals to Man Alive Stopping Violence Programmes between January 2009 and June 2012 Summary: This study has been undertaken as a result of concerns raised by Man Alive with the Waitakere Taskforce on Family Violence that the numbers of referrals received to stopping violence programmes (SVPs) had dropped substantially over the last two years. It is recognised that some of the decline to Man Alive programmes is the result of referrals to other providers such as Te Whanau o Waipareira Trust. However, the decline was evident well before Waipareira began receiving referrals from the Courts suggesting that there are other contributing factors. The following report focuses on men’s access to Man Alive SVPs through the pathway initiated by police FV callouts and mandated by the Waitakere Family Violence (FV) Court. We explore evidence of the impact of two changes in police policies occurring in 2010: the introduction of a new arrest policy from 1 January 2010 and the introduction of Police Safety Orders (PSOs) from 1 July 2010. Key Findings: 1. Since implementation of the new arrest policy: a. The arrest rate to June 2012 (number of arrests as a percentage of all callouts) has declined by 42% of 2009 levels and has yet to plateau. b. After adjusting for delays in court processing, the average number of cases heard by Waitakere FV Court has declined by 34% from 2008/9 averages and by 38% in 2012. c. Referrals received by Man Alive prior to the introduction of a new provider have averaged 48% of arrests. Up to the end of 2011 referrals received from the FV Court had declined by 30%. 2. Within the FV Court: a. The quantity of cases finalised has declined by 38% to end June 2012. b. But the proportion of successful cases (73%) and unsuccessful cases (27%) has not changed. c. The lack of change in the proportions of successful and unsuccessful cases means that for the reduction in every one unsuccessful case there has been a corresponding loss of three successful cases that may have referred to an SVP. 3. Further investigation is needed to determine whether: a. The new arrest policy has the same impact across all criminal jurisdictions of the District Court as the Waitakere FV Court. b. To what extend the FV Court protocols and delays may be undoing the policy’s influence. c. The influence of other social factors on increased reporting and declining arrests rates. 4. In relation to concerns about the impact of PSOs on arrest rates, we could not find evidence to substantiate these concerns but PSOs may have had an unintended consequence of preventing offences occurring. It is important to note that there is a lack of information available to assess these concerns. We recommend better monitoring by police and the family violence sector going forward. Details: Henderson, NZ: WAVES, 2012. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 6, 2013 at: www.waves.org.nz Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Assault Arrest Policies Shelf Number: 128975 |
Author: Dickson, Sandra Title: Preventing Sexual Violence: A Stocktake of Tauiwi & Bicultural Primary Prevention Activities 2013 Summary: In 2011 with funding from the Ministry of Justice, Te Ohaakii a Hine – National Network Ending Sexual Violence Together (TOAH-NNEST) established two parallel primary prevention projects, for Ngā Kaitiaki Mauri and Tauiwi Caucus. One key outcome area for Tauiwi Caucus was completing a national stocktake of community groups and state sector agencies delivering or participating in any kind of primary prevention of sexual violence in Tauiwi and Bicultural communities.5 The field of “primary prevention” is relatively young, with specific funding in New Zealand in place for just four years from the Ministry of Justice, though it builds on decades of prevention knowledge held predominantly by the specialist sexual violence sector. This national stocktake was completed in 2012 by Tauiwi Caucus. The stocktake survey defined primary prevention of sexual violence as: “Activities that seek to prevent sexual violence before it occurs by educating people about the issue of sexual violence and by promoting safe and respectful environments, behaviours and social norms.” This report from the Tauiwi Caucus of TOAH-NNEST summarises data gained from the stocktake survey, begun by 52 respondents. Forty-four respondents answered a majority of questions. The analysis in the report reflects only these 44 “active” responses. Details: West Auckland, NZ:WAVES, 2013. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: www.waves.org.nz Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Rape Shelf Number: 0 |
Author: Ehrhardt, Penny Title: Report on the Effectiveness of Services Delivered by DOVE Hawkes Bay Inc. Summary: New Zealand has made international commitments under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women to secure equality for women, including addressing the high prevalence of violence against women (Fenrich & Contesse, 2009). Nationally, it is estimated that one in three women has been the victim of family violence (Fenrich & Contesse, 2009). Family violence also negatively impacts children and men. The Eastern Police District (which included Hawke’s Bay) has higher than average rates for call-outs to offences relating to family violence (New Zealand Police, 2011). The World Health Organisation’s framework for developing policies and programmes to address family violence acknowledges that the harm caused by family violence can last a lifetime and span generations. To address this, data-driven and evidence based primary prevention programmes are recommended (Garcia-Moreno & Mikton, 2010). Yet despite New Zealand’s, generally sound legislative framework for dealing with family violence, there has been a lack of evaluation of the effectiveness of programmes and services (Fenrich & Contesse, 2009). The DOVE Research Project came about after discussions between DOVE Hawkes Bay (DOVE) and the Eastern Institute of Technology (EIT). Given the high levels of family violence in Hawke’s Bay, DOVE and EIT believed it was important to undertake research into the efficacy of DOVE’s family violence intervention services. In particular, we were interested in whether DOVE’s services were resulting in long-lasting positive changes for individuals, families and whānau. The project was funded by a New Zealand Lotteries Commission Research Grant. Collection of research data focused particularly on the six months 1 July – 31 December 2011. Details: Napier, N.Z.: Eastern Institute of Technology, 2013. 180p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 21, 2013 at: http://www.eit.ac.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Report-on-the-effectiveness-of-services-delivered-by-DOVE-Hawkes-Bay-Inc-May-13-Web.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 129038 |
Author: Knaggs, Trish Title: The Waitakere and Manukau Family Violence Courts: An evaluation summary Summary: Family Violence (FV) Courts in New Zealand are a judicial initiative, and incorporate some aspects of problem-solving courts. Therapeutic jurisprudence is also reflected in the Waitakere FV Court process. The Waitakere FV Court began in 2001. The Manukau FV Court was implemented in 2005 after long-standing collaboration with community organisations that had previously introduced fast-tracking and victim advocacy within the Henderson District Court. These courts aim to provide a more holistic response to family violence than that currently available in the conventional court setting. FV Courts also seek to provide a more timely response to family violence, enhance safety for victims and families experiencing family violence, and encourage accountability among offenders. The Waitakere FV Court has an additional aim to provide specialist services to victims, offenders and those involved in the operation of this court. This research indicates Waitakere and Manukau FV Courts are doing much to provide this type of response. Alongside a desire to process family violence matters swiftly, FV Courts seek to do everything possible to maintain the safety of victims and families. These courts also focus on encouraging offenders to attend programmes, not only because they are seen as an opportunity for offenders to accept they are accountable for their offending, but also because in the longer term the safety of victims will be enhanced. Operationalising and maintaining such an approach requires considerable commitment and the findings describe how this is being achieved at both courts. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Justice, 2008. 78p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 28, 2013 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/t/the-waitakere-and-manukau-family-violence-courts-an-evaluation-summary-august-2008/publication Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 129194 |
Author: Roguski, Michael Title: The Hidden Abuse of Disabled People Residing in the Community: An Exploratory Study Summary: In early 2012 Tairawhiti Community Voice commissioned Kaitiaki Research and Evaluation to undertake research to: § increase their understanding of the multidimensional nature in which abuse manifests in relation to disabled people § the individual and structural barriers that prevent disabled people from voicing and extracting themselves from abusive environments. In the first instance, the study was inspired by a growing awareness of the abuse of disabled people living in the New Zealand community. Next, while international research has highlighted that disabled people are vulnerable to an array of abuse by family members and those outside of the family charged with their provision of care (Hague, Thiara, Magowan & Mullender, 2008; Saxton, Curry, Powers, Maley, Eckels and Gross, 2001), no such research has been conducted in New Zealand. In response, the current research was designed to meet the following specific objectives: § understand the nature of abuse experienced by disabled people who require high levels of support by family/whânau members and other parties involved in their dayto- day care § identify the individual, societal and structural barriers that assist in the continuation of abuse § explore the barriers faced by disabled people in voicing abuse § identify the systematic structures that maintain the abuse of disabled people and inform how Tairawhiti Community Voice can advocate for the safety and well-being of these people § provide an evidence base from which interventions can be developed to help identify and prevent abuse. Details: Wellington, NZ: Kaitiaki Research and Evaluation, 2013. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 1, 2013 at: http://giscoss.co.nz/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=rgLQ0_tm5tg%3d&tabid=9491 Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Adults with Disabilities Shelf Number: 129212 |
Author: Wynd, Donna Title: Child Abuse: What Role Does Poverty Play? Summary: Child abuse (maltreatment and neglect) has received a great deal of public attention since the release of the government’s Green Paper for Vulnerable Children (New Zealand Government, 2011). There is reason to be concerned: New Zealand children’s mortality rates from intentional injury almost doubled over the 1980s, and have improved little since then (Craig & et al, 2011, p. 59; 2012, p. 56). In 2003 UNICEF reported that New Zealand ranked third highest amongst rich nations for its child maltreatment death rates (UNICEF, 2003). There is now a substantial body of research, including New Zealand research, showing the association between poverty and deprivation, and child maltreatment and neglect. Much of this work emphasises the complexity and multiplicity of risk factors in child abuse, and the equally complex mix of protective factors that can change outcomes for children. However current policy responses to the tragedy of New Zealand’s child abuse are focused not on dealing with the causes of abuse but on reporting and monitoring, and risk assessment. The maltreatment and neglect of children matter because they cause harm to children at the time of the abuse and long afterwards. There is now a substantial body of research linking child abuse with poor outcomes in childhood and/or into adolescence and later life. Consequences of maltreatment, including psychological abuse and neglect, can be physical and/or psychological and these effects cannot always be separated from each other (for example brain damage can lead to behavioural problems). Other consequences for victims may include an increased likelihood of smoking, obesity, high-risk sexual behaviours, unintended pregnancy, alcohol and drug use, fear, isolation, an inability to trust others, low self-esteem, depression and difficulties forming and maintaining relationships. In addition, It is estimated approximately one-third of abused and neglected children will eventually victimise their own children (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2008a). Yet the paramount reason that child abuse is unacceptable is because it violates their human rights as children. Present and future social and economic costs are not the only – nor even the main – reason child maltreatment and neglect should be of concern to the government and public. As a signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCROC), New Zealand has a legal obligation to protect and promote children’s rights to provision, protection and participation. A great deal of research has gone into determining the risk factors for child maltreatment and neglect, and a broad range of factors is recognized including the child him/herself, caregivers, the family, neighbourhoods and social settings, social and economic policy settings, and the dynamics and relationships between these actors. A consistent theme in the formal research is the role of poverty in child maltreatment and neglect. The association between child abuse and poverty is reflected in New Zealand data. Rates of hospital admissions for assault, neglect and maltreatment were significantly higher for the most deprived two deciles of New Zealand’s population. Rates of poverty for Māori and Pacific people are consistently double that of European/Pakeha people, regardless of which measure is used (Perry, 2012, p. 118), and Māori and Pacific children were 3.24 and 2.26 times respectively more likely to be admitted to hospital for intentional injuries than European children between 2000-2011 (Craig & et al, 2012, pp. 56-60). A 2000 literature review published by the then Ministry of Social Policy on the physical abuse and neglect of children by family members noted the role of poverty and the role of individuals’ and families’ ability to cope with economic and other stress (Angus & Pilott, 2000). Details: Auckland, NZ: Child Poverty Action Group Inc., 2013. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 1, 2013 at: http://www.cpag.org.nz/assets/Publications/130610%20CPAG%20Child%20Abuse%20Report%201%20June%202013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 129214 |
Author: Roguski, Michael Title: Pets as Pawns: The Co-existence of Animal Cruelty and Family Violence Summary: In early 2011 the RNZSPCA, in conjunction with New Zealand Women’s Refuge, commissioned Kaitiaki Research and Evaluation to undertake research to increase their understanding of the co-existence of family violence and cruelty to animals within New Zealand with a particular focus on whether the actual or threatened pet/animal abuse acts as a barrier to women and children extricating themselves from violent situations. The objectives of this research were to: understand the role of pets and incidence of animal cruelty in New Zealand family violence situations understand the way in which perpetrators may use pets to prevent victim(s) being able to leave a violent home identify barriers (e.g. the need to accommodate pets) and facilitators to victims of family violence being able to extricate themselves from family violence situations while safeguarding animals explore the scope of the co-existence of pet/animal abuse and family among women housed in refuge shelters understand the impact of pet/animal abuse on children and women who have been extricated from situations of family violence provide an evidence base from which interventions can be developed to allow victims to be extricated from violent situations in a timely manner and in a way that prevents actual or potential cruelty to animals. The stages of research included: a review of the literature to increase understanding of the co-existence of animal cruelty and family violence key informant semi-structured interviews with Women’s Refuge Staff, adult victims of family violence and representatives of key government agencies a survey of Women’s Refuge clients to provide a better understanding of the role of pet/animal abuse within violent situations and estimate the scale of the issue. Details: Wellington, NZ: Kaiitiaki Research and Evaluation, 2012. 75p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 3, 2013 at: http://nationallinkcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/DV-PetsAsPawnsNZ.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Animal Abuse (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 129256 |
Author: Roguski, Michael Title: He Pūrongo Arotake 2: Hard to Reach Youth (CART) Evaluation Report 2: Hard to Reach Youth (CART) Summary: In 2006 the government launched its Effective Interventions (EI) policy package. The package was established to identify and support options for reducing offending and the prison population, thereby reducing the costs and impacts of crime on New Zealand society. An important component of the EI package was the need to enhance justice sector responsiveness to Māori. As such, Te Puni Kōkiri (TPK) and the Ministry of Justice developed and Programme of Action for Māori (later known as the Justice Policy Project with the change of government) which comprised the following three elements: ongoing engagement with Māori communities; supporting learning from promising and innovative providers; and enhancing information gathering and analysis across the sector about effectiveness for Māori. Under the Justice Policy Project, Te Puni Kōkiri invested in a small number of interventions (up to June 2008) that were designed, developed and delivered by Māori providers and test facilitators of success for Māori in the justice sector. This work has contributed to an initial platform for developing an empirical evidence base about „what works‟ for Māori, while agencies develop options for sustainable funding streams. At the direction of the Minister of Māori Affairs, several providers were selected as candidates whose programmes have potential to impact on Māori rates of offending, re-offending and imprisonment. This project aims to gather detailed information on two of the six initiatives. The objectives of this evaluation are to: gather quantitative information to augment the process evaluations undertaken after one year of operation; document in narrative form, at least two of the six intervention initiatives, providing at least two examples of successful transition from involvement in crime and the criminal justice sector into pro-social living and a life without offending, utilising networks gained through the first evaluations; and to go beyond documenting problems and gaps, towards providing examples of Māori succeeding as Māori. The key questions that this evaluation aimed to answer were: What has Te Puni Kōkiri learnt from Māori designed, developed and delivered initiatives within the criminal justice sector? What are the facilitators of success for Māori in the justice sector? Details: Wellington, NZ: Te Puni Kökiri, 2011. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 3, 2013 at: http://www.tpk.govt.nz/en/in-print/our-publications/publications/addressing-the-drivers-of-crime-for-maori/download/tpk-evaluation-report-2-hard-to-reach-youth.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alternatives to Incarceration Shelf Number: 129257 |
Author: Roguski, Michael Title: He Pūrongo Arotake 2: Te Whare Ruruhau o Meri Evaluation Report 2: Te Whare Ruruhau o Meri Summary: In 2006 the government launched its Effective Interventions (EI) policy package. The package was established to identify and support options for reducing offending and the prison population, thereby reducing the costs and impacts of crime on New Zealand society. An important component of the EI package was the need to enhance justice sector responsiveness to Māori. As such, Te Puni Kōkiri (TPK) and the Ministry of Justice developed Programme of Action for Māori (later known as the Justice Policy Project with the change of government) which comprised the following three elements: ongoing engagement with Māori communities; supporting learning from promising and innovative providers; and enhancing information gathering and analysis across the sector about effectiveness for Māori. Te Puni Kōkiri invested in a small number of interventions (up to June 2008) that were designed, developed and delivered by Māori providers and test facilitators of success for Māori in the justice sector. This work has contributed to an initial platform for developing an empirical evidence base about „what works‟ for Māori, while agencies develop options for sustainable funding streams. This study looks at the Te Whare Ruruhau o Meri (Ōtāhuhu), who deliver a programme aimed at reducing re-offending among 20 of Auckland recidivist offenders and their whānau referred by Police. The objectives of this evaluation are to: gather quantitative information to augment the process evaluations undertaken after one year of operation; document in narrative form, at least two of the six intervention initiatives, providing at least two examples of successful transition from involvement in crime and the criminal justice sector into pro-social living and a life without offending, utilising networks gained through the first evaluations; and to go beyond documenting problems and gaps, towards providing examples of Māori succeeding as Māori The key questions that this evaluation aimed to answer were: what has Te Puni Kōkiri learnt from Māori designed, developed and delivered initiatives within the social justice sector? what are the facilitators of success for Māori in the justice sector? Details: Wellington, NZ: Te Puni Kökiri, 2011. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 3, 2013 at: http://www.tpk.govt.nz/en/in-print/our-publications/publications/addressing-the-drivers-of-crime-for-maori/download/tpk-evaluation-report-2-te-whare-ruruhau-o-meri.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Indigenous Peoples Shelf Number: 129258 |
Author: Gulliver, Pauline Title: Measurement of Family Violence at a Population Level: What might be needed to develop reliable and valid family violence indicators? Summary: This Issues Paper reviews some of the available sources of data on family violence, assesses strengths and limitations of these data sources for measuring trends in family violence, and seeks to assist the reader to develop an understanding of the issues associated with family violence data collections. Government agencies, non-government organisations and researchers all require reliable measures of family violence to understand the magnitude of the problem, to appropriately target resources, and to identify strategies that are effective in reducing and ultimately eliminating family violence. In this paper we: • Draw attention to the data that is currently available in New Zealand; • Assess the strengths and weaknesses of this data in relation to monitoring trends in family violence at the population level; • Highlight opportunities for further development of existing datasets, drawing on the experiences of other developed countries; • Consider some of the implications for reporting family violence data at the national level; and • Suggest some future courses of action which could support the development of reliable and valid family violence indicators. Details: Auckland, NZ: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2012. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 2: Accessed July 10, 2013 at: http://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/Measurement-of-family-violence-at-a-population-level-June-2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 129345 |
Author: Murphy, Clare Title: Understanding Connections and Relationships: Child maltreatment, intimate partner violence and parenting Summary: This Issues Paper reviews the evidence on the frequency with which intimate partner violence and child maltreatment co-occur. The United States NatSCEV study showed: • 34% of the children who had witnessed intimate partner violence had also been subjected to direct maltreatment in the past year, compared to 9% of those who had not witnessed intimate partner violence. • Over their lifetimes, over half of those (57%) who had witnessed intimate partner violence were also maltreated, compared to 11% of those who had not witnessed intimate partner violence. • Men were more likely to perpetrate intimate partner violence incidents that were witnessed by children than were women, with 68% of children witnessing violence only by men. Exposure to violence can have ongoing negative impacts on children and young people’s health, education, social and economic wellbeing. Recommendations from this paper include the need for greater recognition of: • The links between child maltreatment and intimate partner violence • The detrimental effects of children’s exposure to intimate partner violence • The disruption to mother-child relationships due to intimate partner violence • The poor fathering that can accompany perpetration of intimate partner violence This needs to translate to greater understanding of the importance of supporting children’s relationships with the non-abusive parent. This work needs to include creating conditions of safety, and may need to include active work to help restore relationships between non-abusive parents and their children. Work to address poor fathering is also necessary. Details: Auckland, NZ: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2013. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 3: Accessed July 10, 2013 at: http://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/issues-paper-3-2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 129346 |
Author: Murphy, Clare Title: Policy and Practice Implications: Child maltreatment, intimate partner violence and parenting Summary: This paper explores the system responses required to support children exposed to intimate partner violence. Guiding principles for protecting children and adults exposed to child maltreatment and intimate partner violence include: • Provide holistic support for children • Support the non-abusing parent • Support the mother-child relationship • Hold the perpetrator accountable • Be culturally responsive Children’s safety and wellbeing is highly dependent on the quality of their bond with their non-abusive parent (most often the mother). Programmes to support mothers and children need to include a focus on supporting them to strengthen or re-establish their relationship, which may have been damaged by exposure to violence. Parenting programmes for fathers who have used violence need to emphasise the need to end violence against their children’s mothers (they cannot be “a lousy partner but a good dad”). There needs to be adequately resourced services to support children, adult victim/survivors and perpetrators. These services need to work in co-ordinated and collaborative ways, as part of multi-agency response systems, and work from a sophisticated understanding of intimate partner violence. The United States Centers for Disease Control have identified safe, stable, and nurturing relationships as fundamental in supporting children to thrive. Exposure to intimate partner violence and the impact of violence on the parenting children receive need to become key areas of work in responding to ‘vulnerable children’. Details: Auckland, NZ: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2013. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 4: Accessed July 10, 2013 at: http://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/issues-paper-4-2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Children and Violence (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 129347 |
Author: University of Auckland Title: An Outcome Evaluation of New Zealand Fire Service Fire Awareness and Intervention Programme Summary: The purpose of the current study was to assess the post intervention arson recidivism rates and other offending behaviours of a group of children and adolescents referred to the New Zealand (NZ) Fire Awareness and Intervention Programme (FAIP) over an approximate follow up period of 10 years. Based on the findings and in light of current literature the report aims to provide key recommendations for the FAIP. Details: Auckland, NZ: University of Auckland, 2009. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 10, 2013 at: http://www.fire.org.nz/Research/Current-Round/Documents/An%20Outcome%20Evaluation%20of%20NZ%20Fire%20Service%20FAIP%20-%20recidivism%20rate%20part.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Arson (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 129356 |
Author: University of Auckland Title: Sparking up an Old Flame: A Process Evaluation of the Fire Awareness and Intervention Programme (FAIP) in New Zealand Summary: The Fire Awareness and Intervention programme is a community based treatment programme for children and adolescents who light fires. This process evaluation involved interviewing 68 participants (adolescents, parents and caregivers, programme staff and external agency staff) over a 5 month period between September 2007 and February 2008. The study aimed to: - document the operation and characteristics of the programmes; - examine program delivery practice and processes that contribute to success and failures; - and identify factors associated with successful programme outcomes. Details: Auckland, NZ: University of Auckland, 2009. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 10, 2013 at: http://www.fire.org.nz/Research/Current-Round/Documents/Final%20FAIP%20process%20evaluation%20Report%2013%2011%2009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Arson (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 129357 |
Author: Sanders, Jackie Title: Community Responses to Violence - The Violence Free Community Project Summary: This report details the development and operation of a community-based violence prevention programme (VFCP) developed and run at Te Aroha Noa Community Services (Te Aroha Noa) in the Palmerston North suburb of Highbury from 2007 to 2010. The research project documented in this report was funded by the Lotteries Commission Community Research Fund. The VFCP was funded out of the Community Action Fund for the first twelve months of operation. This fund was part of the Campaign for Action on Family Violence a community driven, cross sectoral initiative led by the Ministry of Social Development and the NZ Families Commission. The focus was upon creating community-level conversations that would build on existing initiatives and enlarge understandings of violence and from there to develop locally-tuned initiatives that targeted violence reduction. The VFCP was an exploratory project; it located itself between the two more traditional approaches to family violence reduction – social marketing campaigns seeking to shift attitudes primarily through the medium of public advertising and intervention and therapeutic work with individuals affected by family violence. Details: Palmerston North, NZ: Te Aroha Noa Community Services and Social work and Social Policy Programme, Massey University, 2012. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 10, 2013 at: http://www.communityresearch.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/formidable/Violence-Free-Community-Project.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Community-Based Programs Shelf Number: 129359 |
Author: Te Ohaaki a Hine: National Network Ending Sexual Violence Together Title: Tauiwi Responses to Sexual Violence: Mainstream crisis support and recovery and support services and Pacific services Summary: Communities are well-served by comprehensive specialist sexual assault services in order to provide for acute and on-going needs of survivors and those supporting them. Where possible, services are provided by culturally appropriate service providers. Where culturally appropriate services are not available, mainstream services are well connected to cultural communities to enable culturally safe services and referrals. The Project -- This stocktake of Tauiwi specialist sexual assault services was completed as part of the Taskforce for Action on Sexual Violence working groups addressing Terms of Reference 2 - Crisis Support and Early Intervention and 3 - Support and Recovery Services . Its primary purposes are to answer the questions “who is doing what, where, when and for whom” in terms of crisis support services? Further, how are support and recovery services configured within organisations providing specialist sexual assault services? These questions relate to services for adult survivors. All mainstream sexual assault services (n=30) for adults as were commonly known in the field in late 2008 were invited to participate and a total of 28 specialist services actively responded. In an associated project nine national, though primarily Auckland based, Pacific services used a fono meeting to discuss what Pacific people need in response to sexual violence. Key findings Across both the mainstream service stocktake and the Pacific fono and stocktake a number of key themes have emerged. While there are some common themes and issues, the services bring different cultural contexts to the problem of sexual violence, including different models of recovery. In common is the desire to respond fully to the problem of sexual violence, but constraint from lack of resources to do so. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Social Development, 2009. 144p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 16, 2013 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/policy/supporting-victims/taskforce-for-action-on-sexual-violence/documents/Stocktake%20and%20Vision%20TOR2%20TOR3%20201109.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Sex Crime Shelf Number: 129403 |
Author: Russell, Nina Title: A Review of the Associations between Drugs (including Alcohol) and Sexual Violence. Literature Review Report Summary: Most New Zealand adults drink occasionally, and whilst many drink in moderation, New Zealand is recognized as having a drinking culture which supports and condones the excessive consumption of alcohol. After alcohol and tobacco, marijuana is the most commonly used recreational drug in New Zealand. Most illicit drugs (with the exception of marijuana) are only used regularly by a very small percentage of the New Zealand. Young males are more likely to take drugs, drink more often and in greater amounts than other groups in New Zealand. The overall aim of the literature review is to report the associations between alcohol and drugs and sexual violence, including how incidents of sexual violence that involve alcohol and/or drugs are treated within the justice system and by the media. Details: Wellington, NZ: Department of Justice, 2008. 71p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 5, 2013 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/policy/supporting-victims/taskforce-for-action-on-sexual-violence/documents/A%20Review%20of%20the%20Associations%20between%20Drugs%20-including%20Alcohol-%20and%20Sexual%20Violence.pdf Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Shelf Number: 129524 |
Author: Arthur, Joy Title: Report & evaluation of the CAPS Hauraki Right 2 B Safe child sexual abuse primary prevention campaign 2011 - 2012 Summary: In June 2011, CAPS Hauraki was awarded funding from the Ministry of Justice to run a primary Prevention campaign focusing on the sexual abuse of 5-12 year olds in the Hauraki and Thames Coromandel District Council Territorial Land Authorities. The aims of the project were: 1. To produce a poster campaign to raise awareness and change attitudes and behaviours about child sexual abuse across the target community as well as increasing knowledge about the support services available in this field; 2. To resource local social service agencies working with inquiries related to sexual abuse generated by the campaign. Two theoretical models have been used to guide this project. These are the Ecological Model and the Community Readiness Model of social change. Application of the Community Readiness Model indicates that the communities of Hauraki and Coromandel are in the Denial and Vague awareness stages of mobilisation about child sexual abuse prevention. Carers and other adults with the responsibility for children were identified as the target audience for the poster from the survey of local agencies working with families and young children as well as from the scoping of local and international child sexual abuse primary prevention programmes. Details: Thames, NZ: CAPS (Child Abuse Prevention Services) Hauraki, 2013. 97p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 8, 2013 at: http://www.nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/right-to-be-safe.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Sexual Abuse (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 129577 |
Author: Arthur, Joy Title: 'It's Not OK!' in Paeroa : A local campaign to raise awareness of the effect of alcohol-fuelled family violence on the children of Paeroa Summary: This is a report about the Paeroa ‘It’s Not OK!’ family violence primary prevention campaign that ran over a four month period from September 2012 to January 2013. The project focused on raising awareness about the effect of alcohol fuelled family violence on children and facilitating sustainable change in community attitudes using messages from the campaign. There were 26 local champions promoting campaign messages on billboards, posters and slide-shows, as well as at several community events. Campaign messages also featured in the media and on local radio stations. Research for this report included a review of current literature on community mobilization and interviews with the campaign organizing committee, the champions and members of the public attending the launch of the campaign. A street survey was conducted toward the end of the campaign period to ascertain community awareness of the campaign, as well as any changes in community attitudes attributable to the campaign messages. Pre and post campaign police callouts to incidents of family violence and the knowledge and use of support services are also examined in the report for indications of a change in community attitudes toward family violence issues. The launch and street surveys revealed raised awareness of family violence issues in the Paeroa Community. A majority of participants displayed a good overall knowledge of campaign messages, particularly those featuring the local champions, and were able to identify where to go for support with family violence issues. Reports from the champions and the working party contained anecdotal evidence of local families making significant changes in their attitudes toward family violence. There is also evidence of a change from the Collaborative Case Management (FVIARS) Project for Paeroa which reveals a considerable decrease in the number of family violence incidents attended by police post campaign compared with the same period pre-campaign, as well as fewer family violence callouts involving alcohol. Overall, the evaluation of the project reveals an inclusive, culturally sensitive campaign that has successfully used local role models to raise awareness of the effect of alcohol fuelled family violence on those in the community. The champions also played a key part in motivating others in the community to make a change in their attitude toward family violence. The ‘It’s Not OK in Paeroa!’ campaign is an excellent example of a programme that has used community strengths to meet community needs and one that has the potential to contribute a good deal toward future campaigns. Recommendations for use in future campaigns include: Recognizing the importance of the champions’ role in this and other projects by developing a tool-kit to assist organizing committees in recruiting, training and supporting them. Extending the campaign time-frame to facilitate ongoing support for local activists who wish to ‘refresh’ campaign messages in the community. Details: Christchurch, NZ: Alcohol Advisory Council, 2013. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 8, 2013 at: http://www.nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/paeroa-report-2012.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 129578 |
Author: Robertson, Neville Title: Evaluation of the Whānau Ora Wellbeing Service of Te Whakaruruhau : final report Summary: Domestic violence and child abuse represent significant threats to whanau ora. Conversely, the weakening or loss of whanau ties can increase the vulnerability of whanau members to domestic violence and child abuse. Thus enhancing whanau ora in the context of domestic violence and child abuse is both a high priority and a significant challenge. Te Whakaruruhau Maori Women's Refuge has been providing safe housing, support and advocacy to women and children for over two decades and has become a key agency in family violence networks in Kirikiriroa. The development of the Whanau Ora Wellbeing Service, the focus of this evaluation, was a logical extension of Refuge services as Te Whakaruruhau broadened its interventions from an initial focus on safe housing to advocacy within the community, from a focus on crisis to supporting women and children to make a successful transition to violence‐free lives in the community, and from advocating for women and children in the context of Crown and other services to advocating for them in the context of whanau, hapu and iwi. The aim of the Whanau Ora Wellbeing Service is "to strengthen and achieve whanau ora through interventions which empower (whanau) to live their lives free from violence (Te Whakaruruhau, p.4). It is based on an assumption "that whānau empowered are whānau who can manage and reduce crisis while increasing opportunities and pathways to success" (Te Whakaruruhau, 2010, p.3). The Maori and Psychology Research Unit was commissioned in mid‐2011 to conduct this evaluation. It is based on ten case studies of clients in the programme, interviews with Te Whakaruruhau staff and key informants in allied agencies, and participant‐observation of Refuge activities. The case studies provide insights into the lived experience of women dealing with violence, their attempts to protect themselves and their children, and their experiences of - and reflections upon the Whanau Ora Wellbeing programme. The case studies reveal all the women to have experienced significant physical assaults, threats of assaults, emotional abuse and intimidation. Even though some of the women sustained serious injuries, when they described the impact of the abuse, the women typically highlighted the damage it had done to them emotionally, psychologically and spiritually. The use of alcohol and/or other drugs to self‐medicate against the psychic pain of the abuse featured in several case studies. Women also gave accounts of how the violence had affected their children. Often, recognising this impact was an important factor in their decision to seek help Details: Hamilton, N.Z. : Māori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2013. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 6, 2013 at: http://www.nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/whanau-ora-TWH-final-report-2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 131591 |
Author: Elliott-Hohepa, Andrea Title: Report on Phase Three of the Formative Evaluation of the Mothers with Babies Units Summary: Why was the research of the Mothers with Babies (MWB) Units undertaken? Housing very young children in a prison setting is a challenging and very unusual situation for Corrections staff. The Department sought an independent evaluation of its management of these special units, to provide assurance that everything possible was being done to ensure that the children were safe, that the mothers' and the babies' best interests were being protected, and that the children's developmental needs were being met. What were the main findings? The overall conclusions were that the units have continued to develop, that positive advances have been made, and an underlying "best interests of the child" approach to decision-making was evident: - The report summarised published research on mother with baby programmes in prisons, which consistently shows that mother with baby units do support development of secure attachment in the child and increased parenting skills and maternal sensitivity in the mothers; research also provides some evidence that mothers with baby units can help reduce re-offending - A range of procedural issues were identified as having been addressed to ensure safety and well-being: for example, policies on who can pick up children and take them off-site, and role clarification amongst staff to improve consistency and co-ordination - Further, operational changes were noted to have occurred in order to meet the needs of the units; for example, roster changes to increase staff coverage at MWB units, and making programmes more accessible to mothers - Other issues noted as requiring further attention included having a mix of both male and female staff at MWB units, having dedicated unit staff, the frequency of parenting programmes, instituting alternative caregiver assessments, and shortening wait times for approval to enter the units - Also recommended were further training of new staff, and improved national co-ordination of the units and the ways in which the mothers with babies policy is managed. What is the Department doing in response to these findings? Overall, the Department is confident that its mothers with babies units are being operated in accordance with "best practice" principles. The independent evaluation report supports this view, as well as usefully assisting the Department to further improve its practices to ensure the best outcomes possible for the mothers and babies under its care. The Department has instituted a range of responses to address all of the findings of the evaluation. Many of these were instituted well in advance of the final report being received. Responses include: - A national multi-agency steering group has been formed with representatives from Corrections, Child Youth and Family, NZ Police, Plunket, Ministry of Health and the Office of the Children's Commissioner. This steering group meets quarterly, with the purpose of supporting best practice on site - The national multi-agency steering group is also guiding the development of collaborative practices at the local level in each prison's area: these arrangements will mean that each of the women's prisons will have multi-agency oversight of applications to enter the units, planning the care of the mother and baby, and their transitions back into the community - A National Office-led working group is conducting AVL discussions on a quarterly basis with the women's prison managers, to provide a leadership structure around the development of the units, and to address any issues as they arise - The National Office group is overseeing an action plan that responds to all of the findings from the formative evaluation; this plan is continually updated, and reviewed quarterly - A review is underway of processes for assessing alternative caregivers, to increase confidence in the quality of care of children when spending time in the community. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Department of Corrections, Research & Evaluation Team, 2013. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 11, 2013 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/700313/Evaluation_of_the_implementation_of_the_Mothers_with_Babies_Policy_final_.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Children of Prisoners (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 131637 |
Author: New Zealand. Department of Corrections. Strategic Analysis and Research Title: Community Sentence Patterns in New Zealand: An International Comparative Analysis Summary: Community sentences are sentences other than imprisonment or monetary penalties, that have conditions that are served or performed in the community, and which involve regular oversight or management by a corrections official (Ministry of Justice 1999). There are relatively high volumes of offenders on community sentences in New Zealand compared with other jurisdictions. This feature has become even more pronounced since the introduction of new community sentencing options in late 2007. This paper investigates the reasons for the disparity by comparing criminal justice statistics from New Zealand to other jurisdictions, including England/Wales, Australia, Scotland and the United States. Despite difficulties in comparing the statistics from different criminal justice systems, a number of key findings emerge from the analysis. Evidence, although somewhat circumstantial, suggests that New Zealand's high rate of community sentencing can be largely attributed to differences in sentencing practice. New Zealand courts are more likely to impose community sentences rather than monetary penalties or other forms of non-custodial sanctions. This holds true when considering other factors such as the use of pre-sentencing disposals, the makeup of offending in each jurisdiction, or differences in legislation. This preference towards community sentences has progressively been embedded over three decades of legislative change. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Department of Corrections, 2012. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 13, 2013 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/672768/nz-community-sentence-patterns-april2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alternatives to Incarceration Shelf Number: 131641 |
Author: Zampese, Linda Title: When the Bough Breaks; A literature based intervention strategy for young offenders Summary: The aim of this literature review was to determine which types of treatment are effective in reducing recidivism among young offenders. Young offenders are defined as that proportion of the New Zealand Department of Corrections offender population aged 17- 20 years. The review focused on young offenders because they are widely acknowledged as being unresponsive to treatment. The review included studies of treatment that had some effect on recidivism or had some other notable characteristic. Because there have been few well-controlled evaluations of treatment programmes for young offenders in New Zealand, most of the material refers to overseas programmes. Offenders in the 17-20 year age group have the highest officially recorded rate of offending of all age groups in New Zealand. The type of offences they commit parallel the pattern of offending by adult offenders. Crimes of property damage and violence are increasing which suggests that more young people entering the Department of Corrections system may have a background in violent crime. Maori have the highest rate of offending followed by Pacific people and other ethnic groups. Reconviction rates are also the highest of all offender age groups, with rates being particularly high among 14-17 year olds. Young offenders tend to be generalists in that they do not show any patterns of offence type specialisation. This means that programmes targeted to particular "types" of young offender are not likely to be useful. Three principles have been developed for classifying offenders to ensure effective rehabilitation and targeting of treatment resources. According to these principles, offenders should be classified according to risk level, criminogenic need and response to different types of treatment. Research shows that only small proportions of youth, less than 10%, are at risk of becoming persistent offenders. The risk profile of young offenders is remarkably similar to that of adults. The key characteristics of high-risk youth appear to be: - a history of antisocial behaviour beginning at an early age - antisocial attitudes, values and beliefs - antisocial associates - problems with interpersonal relationships including indifference, poor social skills and weak affective ties - a difficult temperament which may be aggressive, callous, impulsive or egocentric - problems at school, work or leisure and low levels of achievement in these areas - early and current family conditions, including low levels of affection, cohesiveness and/or monitoring and problems at home. Risk level is generally assessed through risk assessment instruments rather than through unstructured clinical judgement. The study reviews a number of instruments and refers to the risk assessment instrument developed by the Department of Corrections Psychological Service, which will be implemented as part of the Integrated Offender Management Plan. Criminogenic needs are those characteristics of offenders and their circumstances that will reduce recidivism if changed. The most likely targets for change include: - antisocial attitudes and feelings - aggressive/violent behaviours - antisocial peer associations and behaviours - familial affection and communication and familial monitoring and supervision - substance abuse and dependency Changes can be made in different ways including by: - promoting identification with anti-criminal role models and increasing association with pro-social others developing non-criminal activities which provide personal, interpersonal and other rewards - increasing academic and work skills - attending to relapse prevention issues - increasing self-control, self-management and problem-solving skills - changing antisocial attitudes and beliefs - teaching anger management and conflict resolution skills - increasing familial cohesiveness/levels of affection within the home - treating substance abuse - improving motivation for change. The report reviews a number of risk/needs classification systems and concludes that no adequate instruments have yet been developed for assessing young offenders in the New Zealand context. Assessing offenders' likely response to different styles and modes of service involves assessing their personality characteristics, conceptual levels, neuro-psychological deficits and levels of psychopathy, anxiety and motivation as well as addressing cultural issues. The study concludes that priority should be given to developing a treatment classification system that would enable resources to be targeted to moderate and high-risk offenders. Details: Christchurch, NZ: New Zealand Department of Corrections, Psychological Service, 2003. 87p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 23, 2013 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/665634/bough.pdf Year: 2003 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Community Based Corrections Shelf Number: 131672 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) Title: Temporary Migrants as Vulnerable Workers: A Literature Review Summary: The vulnerability of temporary migrants in the labour market is a policy issue that has received attention from a mix of international agencies (eg, the International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations (UN) and European Union) and those responsible for migrant welfare locally (governments and non-governmental organisations). This report reviews the available international and New Zealand research on temporary migrants' vulnerability and exploitation in the workplace. In particular, the review highlights research gaps and whether there are effective interventions that mitigate the vulnerability of temporary migrant workers. There is considerable and growing literature on immigration to New Zealand on the nature of labour market flow composition through to the process of settlement and labour market outcomes for a variety of migrant groups. In the wake of the 1986/87 changes to immigration policy and another round of changes just after 2000, immigration has become a significant contributor to labour supply. However, much of the focus has been on permanent migration and its outcomes. As this review makes clear, temporary migration - which has become a much more substantial characteristic of the New Zealand migration system, including labour supply - has received much less attention. This report discusses the issue of vulnerability in terms of labour market engagement and whether some migrant workers are especially vulnerable in terms of their work situation or experiences. Vulnerability is especially connected to the precariousness of employment, although not all temporary migrant workers are vulnerable and not all suffer from disadvantages in the workplace. That said, literature shows that low skill and education levels contribute to vulnerability in the workplace and that being a migrant exacerbates this vulnerability. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, 2014. 142p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 10, 2014 at: http://www.dol.govt.nz/research/migration/pdfs/temporary-migrant-workers-literature-review-march2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Migrant Labor Shelf Number: 132061 |
Author: Gulliver, Pauline Title: Family Violence Indicators Summary: Good quality, reliable outcome indicators can be used to monitor trends, identify emerging problems, create awareness, guide legislative and policy reforms, and ensure adequate provision of services. This report assesses whether the administrative data sources collected by the Ministries of Health, Justice, Social Development (CYF) and the Police are suitable for providing outcome indicators to measure trends in the frequency of family violence events in the community. The report recommends a provisional set of indicators as measures of trends in family violence as recorded by government agencies and also proposes a theoretical definition of family violence as a starting point for discussion. It also recommends ways to improve the quality of the data currently collected. Details: Wellington, NZ: Families Commission, 2013. 100p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Report 3/13: Accessed April 22, 2014 at: http://www.familiescommission.org.nz/sites/default/files/downloads/family-violence-indicators-2013_1.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 132108 |
Author: Koziol-McLain, Jane Title: Hospital Responsiveness to Family Violence: 108 Month Follow-Up Evaluation Summary: This report documents the result of measuring system indicators at 20 DHBs, proving Government, Ministry of Health and DHBs with information on family violence intervention programme implementation. Based on programme maturity, 16 DHBs completed a self audit for the 108 month follow-up audit; the remaining 4 were independently audited. All data are based on the combined self audit and external audit scores for 2012/2013. Details: Auckland, NZ: Ministry of Health, 2013. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: ITRC Report No. 12: Accessed April 23, 2014 at: http://www.aut.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/447285/WEB_108M-VIP-FU-REPORT-2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 132153 |
Author: Woodley, Alex Title: Breaking the Silence but Keeping Secrets: What Young People Want to Address Sexual Violence Summary: Teen sexual assault and abuse in New Zealand is a significant problem, with nearly one in five New Zealand teens reporting unwanted sexual touching or being made to do sexual things that they did not want to. Statistically, young people aged 15-24 years are at the highest risk of sexual assault in any age group. HELP (Auckland Sexual Abuse HELP Foundation) is a specialist organisation that has been providing sexual abuse support services since 1982. It works with women and children in the Auckland area suffering from the effects of sexual abuse, helping them to regain their lives. Tu Wahine Trust is a Kaupapa Maori organisation providing services to Maori sexual abuse survivors, whanau and families. The research has been commissioned by HELP and the Tu Wahine Trust and is funded by the Lotteries Commission. This report, which is part of an overall research project which aims to identify the needs of young people affected by sexual abuse or assault, aims to investigate the psycho-social service needs of young people who have experienced sexual abuse in order to support improvements to services for sexual abuse victims/survivors. Cultural considerations were particularly important in this project. HELP and Tu Wahine partnered on the research approach, design, and methodology of this project. Whilst HELP focused on identifying the pyscho-social service needs of tauiwi (non-Maori) young people, Tu Wahine focused on the needs of rangatahi Maori (Maori young people). The sister organisations then worked together on the parts of the research process that sought the views of rangatahi Maori who had accessed, or might potentially access, mainstream services. The data collection for this report was undertaken in 2012, and comprised: - A literature review - Interviews with refugee and new migrant stakeholders (including GPs, practice nurses, health workers and youth workers) - Twenty-six focus groups, hui and fono with young people, in which 222 young people participated - Three stakeholder hui (organised by Tu Wahine). - Interviews with 16 service providers and stakeholders Details: Auckland, NZ: Tu Wahine Trust and HELP (Auckland Sexual Abuse HELP Foundation, 2013. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 24, 2014 at: http://helpauckland.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Breaking-The-Silence-FINAL-FINAL.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Aboriginals Shelf Number: 132162 |
Author: Dobbs, Terry Title: Kaupapa Maori wellbeing framework: The basis for whanau violence prevention and intervention Summary: Key messages - Maori are over-represented in family violence statistics as both victims and perpetrators. The causes of whanau violence are acknowledged as complex and as sourced from both historical and contemporary factors. The impact of colonisation needs to be considered in order to respond effectively to whanau violence. - Western approaches have not curbed the epidemic of whanau violence. Multi-level approaches to whanau violence prevention and intervention are more likely to achieve the best results. - Understanding the difference between whanau and family is critical in terms of any prevention and intervention practices, policies and legislation. - The use of cultural imperatives, for example, whakapapa, tikanga, wairua, tapu, mauri, and mana, has the potential to inform wellbeing in intimate partner and whanau relationships, transform behaviours and provide alternatives to violence. Using these imperatives can guide transformative practices and inform strategies for whanau violence prevention and whanau wellbeing. They can also be seen as protective factors within whanau, hapu and iwi. - Culturally responsive initiatives and programmes that restore and strengthen whanau and communities should be considered as well as the individual based interventions of mainstream for Maori whanau. Kaupapa Maori conceptual frameworks, for example the Mauri Ora framework, advocate for the development of Maori models that change the way whanau violence is understood and managed. --Successful programmes are likely to have: - Maori population based responses that complement the work of Maori and other community-based intervention services. These should be grounded in te reo me ona tikanga (Maori language and culture), underpinned by Maori values and beliefs, Maori cultural paradigms and frameworks - Government agencies working in close collaboration with iwi organisations to facilitate the implementation of Maori whanau violence prevention initiatives that meet the needs, priorities and aspirations of iwi - Funding sufficient to (a) engage leaders and staff who have the nationally and locally recognised skills to ensure successful implementation of violence prevention initiatives, and (b) to allow for local consultation and subsequent responsiveness in planned activities and projects - Support for capacity building opportunities for both prevention and intervention staff, including opportunities for networking, advocacy, and training - Maori violence prevention initiatives that are funded for research and evaluation in a way that builds local knowledge within a Maori worldview. Details: Auckland, New Zealand: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, University of Auckland, 2014. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 6: Accessed May 6, 2014 at: http://www.nzfvc.org.nz/issues-papers-6 Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Aboriginals Shelf Number: 132250 |
Author: Kahui, Sherilee Title: Productivity Gains from Workplace Protection of Victims of Domestic Violence Summary: Domestic violence is a workplace issue. It is estimated to cost employers in New Zealand at least $368 million for the June year 2014. If nothing is done, projections indicate that the total costs will be at least $3.7 billion dollars when combined over the next ten years. Employment is a key pathway out of domestic violence. The body of research about domestic violence over the past 30 years finds conclusively that staying in employment is critical to reducing the effects of violence. Security of employment enables those affected by domestic violence to maintain domestic and economic stability, in this way assisting them to find a pathway out of violence and to successfully re-build their lives. Employers have the potential of productivity gains from implementing workplace protections that support victims of domestic violence. There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that as well as the potential for breaking the cycle of domestic violence, the introduction of workplace protections for people affected by domestic violence both saves employers costs (recruitment, retention, re-training, health and safety) and increases productivity. The PSA commissioned this project to examine the impact of workplace protections on domestic violence victims, other staff and colleagues, the employer and overall productivity. Experience in New Zealand to date indicates that there are barriers to the implementation of workplace protections. These barriers are due in part to current attitudes towards workplace Health and Safety training which can overstate the costs and understate the benefits from lower costs of recruitment, retention and retraining. A framework has been developed for this project that specifies the determinants of these costs and then proceeds to calculate them. These include the costs to find a replacement worker and the average annual cost of training when a victim's employment is terminated by her employer. In 2014, $153 million is estimated to be lost across the New Zealand workforce due to these two factors. This is an under estimation of the total cost of victims leaving their employment as the effect of women resigning their current job has not been taken into account. For every woman whose experience of violence is prevented as result of the workplace protections in a particular year, an average of $3,371 in production-related costs can be avoided. This number is conservative as outlined in the body of the report. Details: Wellington, NA: MoreMedia Enterprises, 2014. 65p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 6, 2014 at: http://psa.org.nz/Libraries/Documents_2014/Workplace_Productivity_Improvements_for_DV_21_May_2014.sflb.ashx Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Costs of Criminal Justice Shelf Number: 132252 |
Author: New Zealand. Department of Corrections, Strategy, Policy and Planning Title: Prisoner Double-Bunking: Perceptions and Impacts. Findings from a two-phase research investigation Summary: Throughout the last decade the Department of Corrections was faced with the need to accommodate significant increases in the number of prisoners, and to do so cost-effectively. Amongst a number of strategies in response, extending the level of double bunking was pursued over a period spanning 2009-2011. This report outlines the findings of two separate phases of research exploring double bunking in New Zealand prisons. Of particular interest in the first phase was the perceptions of double bunking held by prisoners who had been housed in this manner, and staff who had worked in double bunked units. The objective of this research was to identify issues which should be addressed before double bunking was further extended. The research involved a series of interviews with prison managers, staff and prisoners, in twelve prison units. The second phase occurred during the period over which the level of double bunking was expanded. This examined rates of incidents (such as prisoner assaults and incidents of disorder) for the purpose of determining whether, as double bunking expanded, the rates at which such events occurred were increasing. A core objective of this phase was to clarify the extent to which double bunking, on the scale planned, remained consistent with the goals of safe, secure and humane containment of prisoners. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Department of Corrections, 2012. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 7, 2014 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/708195/Doublebunking_research_report_combined_phases_1_and_2.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Correctional Administration Shelf Number: 132273 |
Author: Darkins, Tina Title: The Anger Change Programme Research Report Summary: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of the Anger Change Programme for Mothers. The Anger Change programme is a New Zealand-based child abuse prevention programme, developed in 1990 by Pye Bowden, as a specialised therapeutic intervention for mothers who were abusing their children or who were afraid that they might do so. The format is a therapeutic group process, using discussion, mind/body techniques and psychodynamic processes to create healing. Counselling services who took part in the study were: Jigsaw North, Whangarei who were the lead agency for the study; Family Works - Hawkes Bay; East Coast Family Works (Hastings); Family Support Service - Whanganui Trust (trading as Jigsaw Whanganui); and Presbyterian Support Services - South Canterbury (Family Works). The research question is: How effective has the Anger Change for Mothers Programme been from the prospective of graduate mothers over the past four-plus years and from the prospective from other stakeholders associated with the programme' and what is the current level of community need for the programme? Details: Whangarei, New Zealand: Jigsaw North, 2013. 274p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 7, 2014 at: http://www.communityresearch.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/formidable/The-Anger-Change-Programme-For-Mothers-Report-2013-Jigsaw-North.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 132278 |
Author: Tisdall, Mark Title: Review of the Use of Restorative Justice in Family Violence Cases in the Rotorua District Summary: Assisting victims to reclaim their voice has been a call for a very long time in the field of domestic violence. Family violence by its very nature renders silent the stories of those victimised. Violence robs those victimised of their mana so good practice has as its aim the enhancement of women's agency, as in the majority of cases the victim of domestic violence are women. The aims of restorative justice are remarkably similar in that a core ideal is to provide those victimised by crime, a voice within the justice system and a voice in terms of appropriate reparation, in order to reclaim their own mana and move on. Holding offenders accountable for their behaviour is a strong ideal shared by both fields of practice. There remains strong debate within both the family violence and restorative justice fields about what role there might be, if any, that an accommodation at a practice level could take place. Mana Social services is one of the agencies contracted by the Crime Prevention Unit of the Ministry of Justice to deliver restorative justice in cases of domestic violence. Currently there is not a policy in this area for this work and evidence is required to consider the impact, processes, safety and outcomes in this area which will inform the development of policy. The agency has a good reputation for it's work in restorative justice; a third of referrals to Mana SS from the District Court are in the area of family violence offending. Mana Social Services has already been the subject of an evaluation albeit not focussed on domestic violence. This review specifically focuses upon those cases that are purely family violence in nature. The three primary aims of this review as specified by the Ministry of Justice was: What best practice for restorative justice in these cases would entail, i.e. how to ensure high quality processes and outcomes, and client safety and satisfaction; and ... The skills and attributes needed by practitioners To investigate the extent to which Mana Social Services address in the restorative justice process the particular family and relationship dynamics that are inherent in cases of family violence. The methodology chosen for this evaluation was qualitative with the researchers having chosen to gather data primarily through focus groups and semi structured in-depth interviewing of key informants, stakeholders, programme providers, affiliated agencies and programme users; mainly offenders and victims. Other information was gained through a study of District Court files, Mana Social Service case files and a review of the literature. The key findings of the review is that the work that Mana Social Services undertakes in the area of restorative justice conferencing in situations of family violence matches what would be considered best practice for conferencing in sensitive and complex situations. Family violence cases it can be argued are complex by the nature of intimate and familial relationships that pre-exist the conference. In simple terms there is history. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Justice, 2007. 131p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 12, 2014 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/r/review-of-the-use-of-restorative-justice-in-family-violence-cases-in-the-rotorua-district-may-2007/the-restorative-justice-programme-for-domestic-violence Year: 2007 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 132331 |
Author: Mitchell, David Title: Men at Work: Men's views on a stopping violence service Summary: There is no doubt that family violence is a serious and on-going issue in our community. As a local community initiative a panel was organised in 2010 by Nelson's Te Rito Family Violence Prevention Network to discuss the issue of family violence. This panel discussion led representatives from SVS - Living Safe; Public Health, Nelson Marlborough District Health Board (NMDHB); and the Bachelor of Nursing Programme, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology (NMIT) to meet and consider the possibility of working together on a project that could serve to add constructively to reducing family violence. Underpinning the project was the belief that male perpetrators of violence against partners, as service users, have an important role in providing guidance for service development. The aim of the project was to collect data from men who had completed or were completing the SVS - Living Safe's 'Stopping Violence' group to surface their views on: - The effectiveness of the 'Stopping Violence' group. - How SVS - Living Safe's services could be further developed. - Strategies that would be useful in reducing the incidence of family violence in our community. In order to achieve the above aims above the project used both a written survey and focus groups. Thirty one men responded to the survey and 12 participated in the focus groups. Support to proceed with the project was obtained from NMIT's Research & Ethics Advisory Committee. The survey looked at respondent characteristics as well as group structure, processes and quality. The feedback overall was positive in all areas. Of particular note here were: - That the group was life-changing. - The benefit of the initial interview. - The benefit of group participation being augmented with 1:1 support. - Having both male and female facilitators. - The sense of respect the men encountered. - The skills the men developed. In the two focus groups the participants were asked firstly, with reference to the results from the survey, to critique SVS - Living Safe Stopping Violence services for men. Secondly, they were asked to consider initiatives in stopping violence more broadly. There were 12 participants in the first group with 11 returning for the second group. Three main themes evolved from the two consecutive groups. - SVS - Living Safe should revisit how it is promoted. - The complexity of intimate partner violence (IPV) needs to be better appreciated. - The need for a different approach to education on IPV especially exploring differing models of how IPV is both understood and addressed. Details: Nelson, NZ: SVS Living Safe, 2014. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 3, 2014 at: Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Abusive Men Shelf Number: 132050 |
Author: Swift, Donna Title: The Girl's Project. Girl Fighting: An investigation of young women's violent and anti-social behaviour Summary: This report is based on the findings from The Girl's Project, a two-year investigation of girls' use of violence and anti-social behaviour, which was conducted in the Tasman Police District between August 2009 and August 2011. The research was funded by the Lottery Community Sector Research Committee. Ethical approval was obtained from the Association of Social Science Researchers and the Association of Social Anthropologists of Aotearoa/New Zealand in 2009. The goal of the research was to establish a substantial base of understanding about young women's use of violent and anti-social behaviour specific to the New Zealand context. From this knowledge Stopping Violence Services Nelson (SVSN) would be able to create guidelines for best practice for agencies and professionals to use when working in young women's violence intervention and have the capacity to evaluate and advise about existing services for girls. Data collection employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. Over 3400 questionnaires were collected from Year 9 and 10 boys and girls to gauge the involvement of young people and provide gender comparison. In addition, 40 focus groups of girls, between the ages of 12 to 18, have provided the perspectives of young women from mainstream settings. However, the most significant contribution to this report comes from the more than 100 interviews conducted with teenage girls, many of whom came to the researchers' attention or were referred by authorities because of their engagement in violent behaviour. Details: Nelson, NZ: Stopping Violence Services Nelson, 2011. 107p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 18, 2014 at: http://www.thegirlsproject.org.nz/girls-project.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Antisocial Behavior Shelf Number: 132051 |
Author: Barnes, Helen Moewaka Title: Sexual Coercion, Resilience and Young Maori: A scoping review Summary: This report provides an overview of what is known in Aotearoa/New Zealand, particularly Maori perspectives, and internationally, on sexual coercion/violence, resilience and healthy relationships, particularly for indigenous peoples, with an overall focus on rangatahi and rangatahi wahine. The report provides a cohesive critique of the field, describes a recommended methodology for research with young people and outlines stakeholder engagement as a sound basis for future partnerships in research and prevention efforts. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Women's Affairs | Minitatanga Mo Nga Wahine, 2010. 134p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 25, 2014 at: http://mwa.govt.nz/sites/public_files/sexual-coercion-resilience-and-young-maori-a-scoping-review-pdf.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Aboriginals Shelf Number: 132751 |
Author: Neale, Jenny Title: Women and Drink- Driving Summary: Women and drink-driving has been a somewhat contentious topic for some time, given the continuing prevalence of the double standard around women and drinking (Massey 2006). Little is known, however, about women's drink-driving attitudes and behaviours in New Zealand, or about how these may or may not have changed over time. A scan of the relevant literature, from 2000 onwards, found that there was limited information on drink-driving disaggregated by gender, especially in the New Zealand situation. There is some drink-driving research providing evidence on the way in which women drink (or not) and their perceptions of the legal limit (Kypri & Stephenson 2005, Gulliver & Begg 2004); the influence of gender with regard to being a passenger in a car and unsafe behaviour (Williams et al 2007); and persistent drink-driving, using results from the Dunedin longitudinal study (Begg et al 2003). As the New Zealand population ages, the behaviour of older women drivers will become an important area for policy, but at present this area is under-researched. The aim of the current research was to explore the attitudes and behaviours around women and drink-driving, and ascertain the extent to which these had changed over the past decade. The next section of the report is the literature review, which provides the broad context for the research. This is followed by the methods, the results, and the conclusion. Details: Wellington, NZ: Health Services Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, 2014. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 25, 2014 at: http://www.victoria.ac.nz/sog/researchcentres/health-services-research-centre/publications/reports/Women-and-drink-driving-version-Final.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Driving Under the Influence Shelf Number: 132752 |
Author: Thom, Katey Title: Evaluating Problem-Solving Courts in New Zealand - a synopsis report Summary: Problem-solving courts were developed in the United States in the late 1980s and have extended to a number of jurisdictions throughout the world (Freiberg, 2001). In New Zealand, family violence courts were the first problem-solving courts to be established in 2001 (Knaggs, Leahy, Soboleva, & Ong, 2008), followed by a youth alcohol and drug court in Christchurch in 2002 (Searle & Spier, 2006). A specialty court for at risk youth was then established in Auckland in 2007 and a homeless court in the same city was implemented in 2010. The Ministry of Justice is currently piloting two adult alcohol and other drug courts in the Auckland region and there are also a number of Rangatahi and Pasifika Courts for young people (See Richardson, Thom, & McKenna, 2013 for further discussion of problem solving courts in Australasia). The New Zealand government has recognised that addictions, mental illness, and social care needs such as lack of family support and unemployment are inextricably linked to rates of crime (Corrections, 2009). Limitations in the ability of existing health and social care agencies to effectively address these issues have resulted in traditional adversarial courts becoming revolving doors for offenders, whose criminal behaviours arise from psychological and social impairments (King & Freiburg, 2009). Court innovations, such as problem-solving courts, have been developed to assist in addressing the psychosocial causes of offending. These courts seek to improve the psychosocial well-being of those whose maladaptive behaviour brings them to court in the first place (Winick, 2006). Problem-solving courts use a psychological lens in viewing defendants as motivated (or unmotivated) actors, who adjust their responses to the courtroom according to their motivation during hearings, anticipated emotions about future hearings and perceptions of the fairness of their treatment by the court. Currently, there is limited research available on the function and effectiveness of the problem-solving courts in New Zealand. This report, funded by the New Zealand Law Foundation, outlines a preparatory study of the problem-solving movement in New Zealand, with the view of providing the foundations for future evaluations which are methodologically robust and theoretically grounded. Details: Auckland, NZ: Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Auckland, 2013. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 31, 2014 at: http://www.lawfoundation.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/5.-Evaluating-problem-solving-courts-in-New-Zealand.-A-synopsis-report.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Drug Courts Shelf Number: 132856 |
Author: Black, Stella Title: Evaluating the Aims, Methods and Results of Indigenous Courts Summary: There are a number of alternative judicial innovations that have been developed and implemented, including restorative justice approaches, problem-solving courts (sometimes known as solutions-focused courts), and indigenous courts. Indigenous courts have arisen as part of a judicial response to the overrepresentation of indigenous peoples within the criminal justice system internationally. The first indigenous courts emerged in the United States in 1982, and were then established in Australia (1999), Canada (2001) and Aotearoa New Zealand (2008). Despite the length of time these courts have been in operation, much of the existing literature is outdated and/or comprised of commentaries, critical discussion or conference papers. There is, however, a small but growing body of research literature on indigenous courts, which is encouraging given the need for rigorous scrutiny of the incorporation of indigenous approaches within prevailing Western judicial systems. This report examines each of the eight indigenous courts that have been subjected to evaluation research. By synthesising the existing literature, this review attempts to highlight the strengths and limitations of existing studies, thereby informing future research of indigenous courts. Details: Auckland, NZ:: Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Auckland, 2013. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 31, 2014 at: http://www.lawfoundation.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/4.-Evaluating-the-aims-methods-and-results-of-indigenous-courts.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Indigenous Courts Shelf Number: 132871 |
Author: Henderson, Emily Title: Expert Witnesses Under Examination in the New Zealand Criminal and Family Courts Summary: This is a qualitative empirical research project examining the experiences of experts who testify in both the criminal and Family Courts in New Zealand regarding child abuse and neglect and sexual assault generally. The study considers whether there is truth in the anecdotal accounts of widespread reluctance amongst experts and it also examines lawyers' and judges' suspicions of bias amongst experts. It considers the areas of the court process which experts find most difficult and proposes a number of solutions. The study group was limited to experts in the field of child abuse and neglect and of sexual assault generally. However, we believe that our findings will be relevant to other areas of expert evidence. This report is divided into three parts: the remainder of this chapter summarises the literature on expert witnesses to date, describing, first, the problems various researchers and commentators have found with expert evidence and, second, outlining the main reform proposals those same writers have put forward. This is not a discussion of the law pertaining to expert evidence, as many legal analyses already exist. The second section contains the empirical part of this project: Chapter Two sets out the project's methodology; Chapter Three describes the findings of the interviews with expert witnesses; Chapter Four describes the smaller companion study of lawyers' opinions. The final chapter recaps the findings of the previous chapters and sets out a number of recommendations for reform. Details: Auckland, NZ: School of Psychology, University of Auckland and New Zealand Law Foundation, 2013. 169p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 4, 2014 at: http://www.lawfoundation.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Final-Research-Report-Henderson-Seymour-Expert-Witnesses-Under-Examination.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Sexual Abuse Shelf Number: 132874 |
Author: Campbell, Lesley Title: ReachOut Men's Community Outreach Service: Connections and Conversations With a Purpose Summary: Family violence is a major issue that affects the lives of many New Zealanders and creates significant social and economic costs across the wider society (Ministry of Social Development, 2002). The New Zealand Police's reported incidences of family violence have substantially increased over the past decade. Incidents rose by 140% from about 11,300 in 1994/1995 to 27,165 in 2004/2005. Offences rose by 87%, from about 14,600 to 27,343 (Lievore and Mayhew, 2007). In the Canterbury region, the reported incidence and severity of family violence has also increased since the significant earthquake events and continued aftershocks during the period from September 2010. For example, a "53% ... increase in domestic violence (was reported) following the September 2010 earthquake" and in the Waimakariri district, immediately after the February 2011 earthquake event, the North Canterbury Police reported a 40% increase in reported family violence and levels of reported family violence continued to be greater than those recorded before this natural disaster. In order to address this burgeoning problem of family violence in North Canterbury and to address a significant service gap for men responsible for family violence incidents, Aviva (formerly Christchurch Women's Refuge) applied for and successfully secured funding to support the design, implementation and evaluation of ReachOut. A first in New Zealand, this unique and innovative service is an outreach initiative involving collaborative partnerships with the Police, Child Protection Workers and those working across the family violence, criminal justice, local government and other sectors. In 2012 Aviva commissioned an independent evaluation of the process and impact of ReachOut during its first twelve months of operation. The objectives for the evaluation of ReachOut were: - To provide an indication about the benefits and the extent and level of progress made against the outcomes sought for a) men as family violence perpetrators b) women and children, who have experience of family violence and c) the North Canterbury community. - To understand more fully and articulate key aspects of the ReachOut service that are expected to influence and bring about the desired outcomes - To provide an evidence base with which to inform decisions about continuous quality improvements to ReachOut's operation - To provide an evidence base to inform decisions about its potential for rollout and transferability to other locations. The evaluation adopted a multiple methods approach in order to maximise the comprehensiveness of the qualitative and quantitative information collected to answer the evaluation questions and address the evaluation objectives. The principle evaluation methods used included the synthesis of the pertinent international and national literature and the operationalisation of a single case, time series design. This design involved a holistic analysis of the people, service, decisions, policies and organisations involved in the ReachOut service and drew on both secondary data and primary data collected through participant observation, interview and focus group methods. Details: Christchurch, NZ: Aviva, 2014. 283p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 6, 2014 at: http://www.avivafamilies.org.nz/resources/file/final_evaluation_report_reachout_april_2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Abusive Men Shelf Number: 132906 |
Author: International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) Title: Click to Delete: Endangered Wildlife for Sale in New Zealand Summary: Wildlife crime ranks among the most lucrative of serious and organised international crimes along with human trafficking, drug running and illegal arms and in many ways can be just as dangerous and damaging. Various organisations and reports estimate that the trade is worth at least NZ$22 billion per year worldwide1 and the threat it poses to many of the world's most iconic species including elephants, rhinos and big cats is now widely recognised. Details: Sydney: IFAW Oceania, 2014. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 12, 2014 at: http://www.ifaw.org/sites/default/files/IFAW_Internet%20Trade%20Report_NZ%20web.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Endangered Wildlife (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 133015 |
Author: Herbert, Ruth L. Title: The Way Forward: An Integrated System for Intimate Partner Violence and Child Abuse and Neglect in New Zealand Summary: New Zealand has an epidemic of intimate partner violence (IPV) and child abuse and neglect (CAN). This fact is well known and there is widespread acceptance that IPV and CAN are among New Zealand's biggest social issues. Over the past 20 years there have been countless formal groups, meetings, conferences, strategies, reviews, and investigations into the prevalence and problem of IPV and CAN in New Zealand undertaken by government, non-government agencies and academics. There have been hundreds of reports identifying the problem and areas that need to be addressed. There have been action plans containing an endless stream of largely one-off initiatives or new developments. Yet despite the plethora of documents, a strong legislative framework and the efforts of successive governments and many NGOs that have strategised and delivered services to try and 'fix' the problem, real improvements seem to remain elusive. New Zealand has not made significant traction in responding to or reducing the problem. Details: Wellington, NZ: The Impact Collective, 2014. 165p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 22, 2014 at: http://www.theimpactcollective.co.nz/thewayforward_210714.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 133082 |
Author: Denne, Stephanie Title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Programmes and Services Provided by Te Manawa Services: A Community Intervention into Family Violence Summary: Despite New Zealand being credited with some of the most progressive policies and campaigns for addressing the issue of domestic violence in our communities, reported incidents of domestic violence in New Zealand have been steadily increasing, with a 54% increase in family violence offences reported by police between 2000 and 2006. Studies examining women's help-seeking behaviours have found that they will often only seek help as a last resort when they can no longer endure the abuse, or when the fear for their own, or their children's, safety escalates. Approaches concerning how best to respond to domestic violence have variously developed overtime. The Duluth Domestic Abuse Intervention Program framework emerged in the 1980s. This approach promoted a group formatted, highly structured programme that incorporates family systems therapy and concepts of gendered power and control alongside the cognitive behavioural elements of programme provision, with the focus on addressing the social, contextual and cultural elements of abuse. In 2006, the New Zealand Government, under the Domestic Violence Act (1995), offered funded placements in living without violence programmes for approximately 2,930 men, with the Family Court referring 2,715. There is a lack of research concerning the effectiveness of living without violence programmes, and what has been conducted has produced mixed results. The mixed and confusing results regarding the effectiveness of living without violence programmes may, in part, be a product of the inherently complex nature of domestic violence. Research has noted that psychological and verbal forms of abuse are more frequent that physical acts of domestic violence, and yet much of the recidivism data relies heavily on reported incidences of physical violence, in particular acts serious enough to attract the attention of police and other professional organisations. Furthermore, there appears to be little consensus as to what 'effectiveness' means in relation to living without violence programmes. There are solid arguments for various measures of 'effectiveness': a reduction in criminal offending shows us empirical measures of violence and lethality; men's accounts of change give us insight into the processes of change and subjective understandings of the course content; and women's accounts of their (ex) partners' engagement with programmes provides us with the lived experiences of safety and change for those most affected by domestic violence. This suggests that evaluations could strengthen findings on effectiveness by combining qualitative and quantitative methods, enabling a more complete and comprehensive, albeit at times conflicted, picture of success or limitations. The present study is an evaluation of the Men Living Free from Violence Programme developed and provided by Te Manawa Services, a domestic violence service provider in the Manawatu, New Zealand. At the heart of Te Manawa Services is the desire not only to reduce all forms of violence and abuse, but to support new ways of developing positive relationships, self-respect, kindness and caring. Te Manawa Services adopt a systemic approach to the issue of domestic violence and service provision, and operate in a manner that is inclusive of whanau and supportive of community systems. They are guided by the principles of accountability, equality and respect. The six key strategies to achieving their objectives are: 1. To continue to provide high quality programmes and support services in response to the identified needs of the community. 2. To ensure that quality programmes and services on offer are known and accessible to the community. 3. To initiate and engage in effective collaboration that enables the best responses and outcomes for clients. 4. To build organisational capability and capacity in targeted areas (strengthening families) and maintain organisational capacity in others. 5. To ensure the financial sustainability of Te Manawa Services. 6. To grow an increasingly effective and pro-active governance team. In keeping with Te Manawa Services' whanau model of service provision, the Men Living Free from Violence Programme does not operate in isolation. The Women Living Free from Violence Programme is a group-based programme offered to women who have experienced violence, or have used violence themselves, and is similar in content and structure to the men's Programme. The Youth and Parenting Programme is a 15 week, individual programme for youth and their parents or caregivers to help build safe and healthy families. Family Support Services are offered to those connected to Te Manawa Services Programmes (for instance, the (ex) partners of those on the men's Programme) and involves regular at-home, on site or telephone meetings that offer support and guidance. In order to evaluate how effectively Te Manawa Services are achieving their objective of reducing and eliminating domestic violence in the community, the focus was on how the Men Living Free from Violence Programme does, or does not, improve women and children's safety during and after programme completion. With the complexities and problematics of evaluation research in mind, the current study sought to evaluate the 'effectiveness' of Te Manawa Services Men Living Free from Violence Programme utilising all 3 effectiveness measures (recidivism data, men's accounts and women's accounts) in the hopes that a comprehensive and complex picture of effectiveness may be developed to deepen our understandings of if, and how, the Men Living Free from Violence Programme works to reduce and eliminate domestic violence in the local community. This study adopted a mixed method approach to evaluation, utilising both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and interpretation. The quantitative examination of police records detailing domestic violence recidivism enabled a discussion of re-offending patterns before, during and after course completion. The inclusion of a statistical analysis allows the study to be situated within the context of previous evaluation research that uses re-offence data, enabling a comparison between recidivism rates of Te Manawa Services clients and previous research findings in order to assess 'effectiveness' in relation to recidivism. Qualitative methods were used to enable an in-depth analysis of the processes of, and services associated with, the Men Living Free from Violence Programme. Men's accounts were examined for processes and understandings of change, non-violence and safety, with an eye for the demonstration of responsibility and accountability. In keeping with the principle of prioritising victim safety, women's accounts of safety for themselves and their children following their (ex) partners' involvement in the Men Living Free from Violence Programme were explored. Details: Palmerston North, NZ: Massey University, 2013. 189p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 10, 2014 at: http://www.temanawa.org.nz/cms_files/general/te%20manawa%20services%20final%20report%2030.05.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Abusive Men Shelf Number: 133256 |
Author: Palmer, Alexandra Title: Civil Level Action and the Primary Prevention of Sexual Violence Summary: This report describes action that could be taken at a city level to support the primary prevention of family and sexual violence. Drawing on the Ecological Model and the Spectrum of Prevention, we present examples of promising primary prevention initiatives that act at a range of levels, from individuals and relationships to institutions, communities, and society. Details: Auckland, NZ: Point Research Ltd, 2014. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 2, 2014 at: http://www.pointresearch.co.nz/City-level_primary_prevention_sexual_family_violence.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Community Participation Shelf Number: 133545 |
Author: Woodley, Alex Title: Working together to Prevent Family and Sexual Violence: Multi-sector Action Plans and Case Studies Summary: his literature review is aimed at outlining where New Zealand sits on matters of family and sexual violence - both in terms of impacts and in terms of current policies and programmes - and what steps we might take to address these issues. We particularly pay attention to the role that local government bodies such as the Auckland Council can play in addressing violence. Details: Auckland, NZ: Point Research Ltd, 2014. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 2, 2014 at: http://www.pointresearch.co.nz/Working_together_prevent_family_&_sexual_violence.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Violence (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 133546 |
Author: Percival, Teuila Title: Pacific pathways to the prevention of sexual violence: full report Summary: In March 2009 the Ministry of Pacific Island Affairs commissioned the School of Population Health at the University of Auckland to undertake a research project entitled Pacific Pathways to Sexual Violence Prevention Research, to provide further insight into the development of sexual violence prevention strategies for Pacific communities in New Zealand. This project was initiated due to the gap in empirical evidence on sexual violence prevention among Pacific communities. The Request For Proposals called for a strengths-based approach. This qualitative research project was conducted among seven Pacific ethnic communities in Aotearoa - Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga and Tuvalu - to identify sexual violence prevention strategies for these communities. The project aimed to: Discuss ethnic-specific Pacific views of sexual violence, including protective and risk factors; Analyse the extent to which traditional Pacific cultural sexual violence prevention methods have been upheld or have broken down within the New Zealand context; Examine Pacific cultural sexual violence prevention approaches that could be further developed by the sexual violence workforce in New Zealand; Determine the feasibility and appropriateness of traditional Pacific cultural sexual violence prevention approaches in New Zealand Pacific contexts; Extract positive messages and useful points for prevention, intervention and post-intervention; and, Provide recommendations for further developing Pacific pathways for sexual violence prevention. Details: Auckland, NZ: Pacific Health, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, 2010. 138p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 2, 2014 at: http://www.mpia.govt.nz/assets/documents/corporate-documents-2/01-Pacific-PPSV-full-online-version.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Intimate Partner Violence Shelf Number: 133552 |
Author: Abel, Gillian Title: Decriminalisation: A harm minimisation and human rights approach to regulating sex work. Summary: This thesis takes a community-based participatory approach, using mixed methods to examine the impact of the decriminalisation of sex work in New Zealand through the lens of a public health discourse of harm minimisation. The key question addressed in this thesis is whether decriminalisation has minimised the harms experienced by sex workers. Rather than taking a narrow view of harm minimisation and looking merely at the practices of sex workers, I have taken a more holistic stance, taking into account structural social issues which contribute to the health and wellbeing of sex workers. Data were collected through a survey of 772 sex workers and in-depth interviews with 58 sex workers in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Napier and Nelson. Estimates were done of the number of sex workers in these cities which show little change post-decriminalisation compared to estimates done prior to decriminalisation. There has been some change in the shape of the industry with more people working privately in the suburbs and fewer in the brothels and escort agencies but little change in size of the street-based sector. Such minimal change in the size of the sex industry is not surprising as the underlying motivations for working in this industry have not changed in a decriminalised environment. As this thesis demonstrates, structural factors (such as economic climate, employment opportunities, welfare, housing and sickness benefits) are associated with the entry into sex work rather than the way the industry is regulated. Theories of social exclusion and stigma are utilised in the thesis to show how sex workers have been cast predominantly as a deviant population, associated with disease, crime and drugs. The media often make use of these associations in reporting on sex workers, which leads to heightened public anxiety and campaigns to exclude sex workers from society. Even in a decriminalised environment in New Zealand, such campaigns continue, which has meant that although decriminalisation has given sex workers in New Zealand human rights, they continue to experience stigmatisation. This thesis found that sex workers have poorer self-reported mental health than the general population of New Zealand and some of this poorer perceived mental health could be due to their ongoing stigmatisation. This is not to say that decriminalisation has not been a success. As this thesis demonstrates, sex workers in New Zealand have more control over their work environment, including their safety and their sexual health, since the passing of the Prostitution Reform Act (2003). The Act has given them legal, employment and occupational health and safety rights which has made it easier to negotiate services and safer sex with clients, has made it easier for managed sex workers to refuse to see certain clients without penalties from management and has improved the relationship between sex workers and police. The fact that sex workers can make use of the law has given them a sense of legitimacy and respectability which was absent under laws that criminalised them. The provision of human rights to sex workers through the decriminalisation of the sex industry has led to the minimisation of harm to New Zealand sex workers Details: Dunedin, NZ: University of Otago, 2010. 442p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed October 15, 2014 at: http://myweb.dal.ca/mgoodyea/Documents/CSWRP/CSWRPANZ/Gillian%20Abel%20PhD.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Prostitutes Shelf Number: 133921 |
Author: Murphy-Edwards, Latesha Jill Title: Not just another hole in the wall : an investigation into child and youth perpetrated domestic property violence Summary: Violence by children and young people against their parents, often described as parent abuse, is a problem that has been less recognised and researched than other forms of family violence. The present study explored a distinct form of parent abuse - that being the causing of intentional loss of, or damage to, parental property, referred to as Domestic Property Violence (DPV). A questionnaire was designed to gather quantitative data on what gets damaged, how often, and by whom. Additionally, rich, qualitative information about how parents made meaning of their experiences and how they were affected by, and responded to, DPV was gathered using in-depth interviews with 14 participants, and later analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Although the questionnaire attracted just 30 responses, this information was used to inform the subsequent qualitative phase of the research. When combined, the quantitative and qualitative data demonstrated that DPV happens in some families, and when it does, it has the potential to cause significant financial, emotional, and relational harm. An ecological meaning - making theoretical framework emerged from the data and illuminated connections between social and cultural influences on personal theories of causation, impacts, and responses to DPV, including help seeking. The findings of the present study have important implications for supporting parents experiencing DPV and other forms of parent abuse. Help seeking was shown to not always be a positive experience, particularly when help was not available, the problem was viewed as trivial, or parents were made to feel they were wholly responsible for their children's misconduct. Conversely, parents benefited from services that offered an opportunity for private disclosure without critical judgement, practical advice, and support. One objective of the research was to increase awareness of the many and complex causes and impacts of parent abuse, and the wide range of families that may be affected, in order to promote better screening within health and social support services. Details: Christchurch, NZ: University of Canterbury, 2012. 326p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed October 30, 2014 at: http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/8188 Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 133840 |
Author: Woodley, Alex Title: It's Not OK Campaign: Phase Three Summary: The Campaign for Action on Family Violence, the "It's not OK" campaign, is a community-based social marketing initiative that seeks to change the way New Zealanders think and act about family violence. In 2010 a new phase of the campaign began, looking at the practical things friends, whanau and families can do to keep each other safe. A new set of advertisements, 'cut-outs' was commissioned to encourage people to notice when things start to go wrong, and to support people to get the help they need. This research has been commissioned by Family and Community Services at the New Zealand Ministry of Social Development in order to understand whether, and if so how, attitudes and behaviours relating to the willingness, confidence and capacity to give and/or receive help have been influenced by the cut-out advertisements. In addition, this research aims to understand whether the It's not OK campaign has helped to support the conditions that encourage help giving and receiving. The research focussed on asking those who have given or received help or taken action after seeing the advertisements, to describe the dynamics of their actions e.g. what motivated them to take action, and what that help or action looked like. The data were collected using a combination of phone interviews and an online survey. Overall, the research found that recognition of the It's Not OK campaign is high, with 89 percent of those (603 of 677 people) who took part in the initial phase of the interviews and online survey indicating they had seen advertising about family violence in which the line "it's not OK" was said or shown. More than half of these (51% or 307 people) have taken steps or actions (however small) around family violence in their home, whanau/family or community. Much of this action is recent, with eight out of ten indicating their action had been undertaken in the three months prior to the interview or survey (i.e. since the beginning of Phase Three of the campaign). Details: Auckland, NZ: Point Research Ltd, 2011. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 12, 2014 at: http://www.areyouok.org.nz/assets/Document-files/research/Its-not-OK-phase-3-influence-report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 134059 |
Author: Dennis, Stephen Title: Evaluation and Crime Prevention: An Investigation of Evaluation and Monitoring of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Initiatives in New Zealand Summary: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) has become an increasingly popular tool for local authorities to adopt in their effort to reduce and prevent crime. Scholars have drawn attention to the shortcomings of crime prevention approaches including the proliferation of negative side-effects, its adoption for political reasons, and its role in causing social exclusion, all of which undermine the credibility of such approaches. However, the effectiveness of CPTED is rarely questioned by practitioners who commonly consider that it is guaranteed to produce positive results. As such, the practice of evaluation is largely a forgotten process whereby its value to a more informed, ethical, and effective delivery of CPTED remains untapped. The purpose of this research was to investigate the evaluation and monitoring process of CPTED projects and initiatives by local authorities in New Zealand. This was achieved by adopting an interpretive-qualitative research approach in order to gain the views and opinions of those experienced with the use of CPTED. The findings of the research suggest that issues which undermine the effectiveness of CPTED exist in the New Zealand context including examples of negative side effects and the common perception among practitioners that results will always produce positive results. Unsurprisingly, the research found that evaluation remains a neglected element of CPTED delivery in New Zealand, however, practitioners illustrated that they were aware of the benefits that evaluation can provide. Importantly, the findings suggest that there is a growing interest in undertaking evaluation among New Zealand practitioners however a number of barriers and limitations restrict opportunities to do so. These barriers included reliability and availability of crime statistics, lack of knowledge, loss of knowledge, fear of failure, limited resources, and the importance of service delivery. This research has identified several ways in which CPTED evaluation can be facilitated and encouraged throughout New Zealand. This includes providing training for evaluation and including evaluation as a prerequisite of funding provision. Additionally, evaluation can be encouraged through the promotion of methods and measures which are sympathetic to the realities and restrictions that practitioners face in their daily routines. Finally, greater central guidance is required which could be facilitated through the establishment of a professional CPTED body and a centre for information providing access to research findings and information allowing practitioners to learn from past, and each others, experiences. Through these means a better indication of CPTEDs effectiveness can be gained. By facilitating the adoption of CPTED evaluation practitioners can work towards a more informed, effective, ethical, and sustainable delivery of CPTED throughout New Zealand. Details: Dunedin, NZ: University of Otago, 2012. 158p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed November 18, 2014 at: http://otago.ourarchive.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10523/3971/DennisStephen2013MPlan.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Built Environment Shelf Number: 134140 |
Author: Kahui, Sherilee Title: Measuring the Economic Costs of Child Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence to New Zealand Summary: There is no excuse for child abuse or intimate partner violence. This would be true, even if the economic cost of these behaviours was zero. As this fresh perspective on the financial and economic costs of child abuse and intimate partner violence (IPV) demonstrates, however, the costs are unacceptably high. As well as reflecting gross reductions in the wellbeing of those involved, they represent the size of impacts which undermine the effectiveness of other factors that would otherwise contribute positively to economic output. More importantly, by far the greatest costs are for unalleviated pain and suffering, for the provision of services that treat immediate pain and crisis while failing to address the root cause and provide pathways to positive results and for cleaning up the mess when brought to the attention of families, enforcement agencies, employers and others. If there was no child abuse and intimate partner violence, the study is conclusive that there would be savings greater than what is currently earned annually from the New Zealand's export of wood. At the high end, the cost of child abuse and intimate partner violence, as estimated by this study, is equal to 60% of what was earned from dairy exports in 2013. The costings in this report were produced to better understand the economic scale and the nature of the impact of child abuse and intimate partner violence. Even updated New Zealand costings of family violence have been largely based on the Coopers & Lybrand cost of family violence based on evidence collected in 1993/94. A more recent study estimating the cost of child abuse was published by Infometrics in 2010. Hence, this is a fresh approach to update both our current state of knowledge, to take another look at what data is available and how to specify the gaps in data. The framework, based on a 2009 KPMG study for Australia, is called the ECCAIPV framework, the Economic Cost of Child Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence framework. Details: Wellington, NZ: The Glenn Inquiry, 2014. 72p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 20, 2014 at: https://glenninquiry.org.nz/uploads/files/ECONOMIC_COSTS_OF_CHILD_ABUSE_INTIMATE_PARTNER_ABUSE2.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 134172 |
Author: Meehan, Claire Title: A review of Alcohol and Other Drug Court evaluations Summary: Originally representing a judicial response to crack cocaine use in the United States during the 1980s, Alcohol and other drug courts (AODCs) have quickly developed to the point that there are now more than 2784 in operation within the United States alone (see http://www.ndcrc.org for full list of courts). Subsequently, AODCs have been established in other jurisdictions, including the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. New Zealand has one youth drug court that has been in operation in Christchurch since 2002 and two adult AODCs are currently being piloted in the Auckland region. This report provides a review of the literature surrounding the origin and implementation of AODCs in New Zealand, followed by a critical analysis of the existing methods used to evaluate AODCs internationally. The report begins by outlining the methods used to conduct this literature review, followed by a brief background on current drug use and policy in New Zealand. Evaluations of AODCs from the United States and Commonwealth countries will then be detailed. By synthesising the existing literature, this report highlights the strengths and weaknesses of existing evaluations with the aim of informing future research of AODCs. Details: Auckland: Centre for Mental Health Research, 2013. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 25, 2014 at: http://www.lawfoundation.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/1.-A-Review-of-Alcohol-and-Other-Drug-Court-Evaluations.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Drug Courts (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 134251 |
Author: Roguski, Michael Title: Former Family Violence Perpetrators' Narratives of Change Summary: The voices of perpetrators have largely been absent from research into family violence. In response, the Glenn Inquiry sought to gather the voices and experiences of family violence perpetrators to better understand what motivates positive change, and what can sustain this change to ensure that family violence perpetrator interventions are successful in supporting perpetrators to refrain from engaging in family violence. Kaitiaki was contracted to carry out research with former family violence perpetrators with the specific aim to explore and understand: - possible contribution between early childhood exposure to family violence and adulthood family violence - what led former perpetrators to acknowledge that family violence is unacceptable and choosing to desist from re-offending - factors that may have contributed to delaying acknowledgement that family violence is unacceptable - supports that assisted former perpetrators to change attitudes and behaviours that contributed to family violence - what has led to the individual's sustained dissidence from engaging in family violence - from former perpetrators' perspectives, what systemic changes might be required to prevent family violence Details: Wellington, NZ: Kaitiaki Research and Evaluation, 2014. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 23, 2015 at: https://glenninquiry.org.nz/uploads/files/Former_Family_Violence_Perpetrators_Narratives_of_Change.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Abusive Men Shelf Number: 134440 |
Author: O'Reilly, Justine Title: A review of Police and iwi/Maori relationships: Working together to reduce offending and victimisation among Maori Summary: This is a summary of the review of Police and iwi/Maori relationships and what can be done together to reduce offending and victimisation. It draws together information from interviews with iwi/Maori stakeholders, police and government agencies,[1] offending and victimisation statistics, workforce and population data, and analysis of research.[2] This review has been timed to inform Police structure, capacity and partnerships with iwi/Maori as part of delivering Prevention First (PF), Turning of the Tide (T4), the Road Policing Strategy (RPS), the Responsiveness to Maori (RTM) framework and meeting wider Better Public Services targets. [1] Interviews with 137 people were undertaken in 10 of the 12 Police Districts (all except Southern and Tasman). These areas have comparatively low Maori populations, and the main iwi for the South Island (Ngai Tahu) were included in interviews undertaken in Canterbury. Purposive sampling was used for initial contacts, guided by local iwi liaison officers, MPES national office and senior Police staff. Key roles within Police were interviewed (District and Area Commanders, ILOs, Prevention Managers, Victim Managers) as well as a mix of specialist and front-line roles (family violence, Neighbourhood Policing Teams, Public Safety Teams). From the initial contacts, snowball sampling was used to recruit other participants. Half of the interviews were with Maori: iwi leaders, kuia, kaumatua, Maori Wardens, Maori social service providers and men participating in a family violence programme. The remainder were with a broad range of Police staff. Two interviews were undertaken with Te Puni Kokiri and Probation staff, and Justice, Probation, Courts and TPK were consulted on the draft. The majority of interviews were in-depth, one-on-one and face-to-face and used a mix of structured and semi-structured questions. [2] Independent research has been used to provide an outside perspective: Te Whaiti and Roguski (1998), Te Puni Kokiri (2002), Marxwell (2005), McKay, (2013), OAG, (2003), Morrison, (2009). Human Rights Commission (2012), IPCA (2013), NZ Police (2012), SSC, the Treasury and the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (2012). Details: Wellington: New Zealand Police, 2014. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 30, 2015: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/review-of-police-and-iwi-maori-relationships.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Aboriginal Peoples Shelf Number: 134502 |
Author: New Zealand Police Title: Community Justice Panel in Christchurch: An Evaluation Summary: The Community Justice Panel (CJP) pilot is one of three Alternative Resolutions, Policing Excellence initiatives which allow NZ Police more graduated responses to low-level offending without the need to rely on the courts. The CJP initiative began as a grassroots partnership between Community Law Canterbury and Police in Christchurch, and has developed over time to include other government and community agencies as well as community representatives. This report reviews the extent to which the Community Justice Panel in Christchurch is meeting its intended outcomes. Areas for development and factors to consider if implementing in other communities are also given. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Police, 2012. 94p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 30, 2015 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/community-justice-panel-christchurch-pilot-evaluation-report-nov-2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alternatives to Incarceration (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 134505 |
Author: Gilbert, Jarrod Title: Evaluating the Pathway: An Evaluation of the Pathway Total Reintegration Strategy undertaken by Pathway Charitable Group Summary: This report records the evaluation of the Pathway Total Reintegration Strategy, a programme that works with released prisoners in Canterbury to assist their reintegration into society. The Reintegration Strategy programme is an arm of the Pathway Charitable Group (formerly the Pathway Trust), which works with the disadvantaged in various ways. Pathway has commissioned this report in order to assess the efficacy of their prisoner reintegration programme, which is now in its sixth year. This report draws on research data that are both quantitative and qualitative in nature. The quantitative analysis, undertaken by the Department of Corrections, compares the actual versus the expected recidivism rates of Pathway clients and the overall rates across New Zealand. This is supported by a qualitative analysis based on interviews conducted with people who have gone through the programme, including those who successfully avoided reoffending and those who did not. The methods for each approach are outlined in the body of the report. Details: Wellington, NZ: Howard League, New Zealand, 2013?. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 3, 2015 at: http://www.howardleague.org.nz/uploads/1/1/6/3/11633778/report_-_pathway.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Prisoner Reentry Shelf Number: 134517 |
Author: Gilbert, Jarrod Title: Reintegration Services in the Canterbury Region Summary: The idea for a study of reintegration services came from the work of the Howard League in Canterbury prisons. In particular, prisoners often worried that there were inadequate programmes and services to help them leave prison and prevent them from returning. We began with a focus on the relationship between prisons and NGO services, and this focus was maintained throughout the study. Further themes emerged, especially the broad philosophical, targeted service reorganisation taking place within the Department of Corrections. We found ourselves researching within a maelstrom of changing systems and relationships, which were often imperfectly articulated and imperfectly understood by various participants in the prison and community sectors. Key findings arising from the study include: - There is a consensus in the Department of Corrections management in Canterbury that cooperation between the Department and NGOs is desirable to assist in the rehabilitation and reintegration of prisoners, with the ultimate goals of reducing prisoner numbers and creating fewer victims of crime. - This cooperation between state and independent agencies is mirrored in certain jurisdictions around the world, and from these we can gain certain insights, namely: the importance of mutual 'buy-in' to end goals and the means to achieve them; the necessity for clear and honest lines of communication; and a need for NGO professionalism to be balanced against the risk of NGOs losing their unique and important points of difference that make them effective. - Corrections management have embraced a culture of change and their thinking is sophisticated, though the process is ongoing. - Much of this culture change can generally be understood as moving away from a system with a focus on confinement and toward one with a greater focus on rehabilitation and reintegration. The latter is captured by use of the term 'transitioning' to describe the move from prison to the community. - Acknowledging financial constraints, there was a desire among management to offer more services to prisoners and to 'front load' services rather than waiting until the end of the sentence is nearing, and to engage with prisoners on short sentences. - Management realised that there was a need for better engagement with NGOs. - Prisoners interviewed for this project included men and women with a range of sentences and risk profiles. - The vast majority of prisoners reported a willingness to change away from criminality, with 80 percent of the prisoner sample reporting that they wanted to change 'a lot' about their lives. Recidivism rates, however, show that most will fail. - These prisoners said offending occurred for a number of psychological and practical reasons, many of which can be targeted by programmes and interventions. - The three most prominent types of assistance required were: support and counselling, employment, and alcohol and drug support. - Among prisoners, there was a low level of understanding about what support was available and often there was conflict reported between what prisoners thought they needed and what Corrections was offering them. - The majority of prisoners reported that they heard about programmes or courses mainly from other prisoners, and only a third through Corrections or Probation. - Relationships with Case Officers were largely good, but relationships with Case Managers were mixed, and included a number of very negative experiences. Details: Canterbury, NZ: Howard League for Penal Reform, Canterbury Branch, 2014. 67p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 3, 2015 at: http://www.howardleague.org.nz/uploads/1/1/6/3/11633778/final_report.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Prisoner Reentry Shelf Number: 134518 |
Author: Chan, Shannon M. Title: Negotiating Gender and Police Culture: Exploring the Barriers to Retention and Progression of Female Police Officers in New Zealand Summary: Women officers represent a minority within the New Zealand Police (Police) particularly within the senior ranks. In recent years, Police have made concerted efforts to increase women's representation as well as improve the working environment. However, recent reviews of the 2007 Commission of Inquiry into Police Conduct have reported that women continue to face barriers to full integration and furthermore, that the changes to the police culture have reached a plateau. New Zealand and international research have established that police culture continues to pose a barrier to women's full acceptance within policing. This culture is characterised by predominantly white, heterosexual males, who form what has been described as a "cult of masculinity". Therefore, women find they must adopt the culture in order to "fit in" and be accepted as "one of the boys". Adopting a qualitative framework, this research involved semi-structured face-to-face interviews with sworn female police officers. Exploring female police officers' experiences identified five pertinent barriers to women's retention and progression. These were the emphasis on physical skills and excitement, the police camaraderie and the cult of masculinity, sexual harassment within the workplace, women's minority status, and balancing motherhood with policing. It was found that the persistence of these barriers came back to core features of police culture. Due to the strong allegiance to the positive aspects of the police culture, such as the camaraderie, negative features such as sexual banter and harassment were subsumed within the wider culture. Negative features were tolerated and accepted as part and parcel of working in the Police. Women's narratives demonstrated that they adhered to core police culture features and thus contributed to the sustenance of the culture. Furthermore, how women articulated their experiences and perceptions of barriers was complex and nuanced. Many held the belief that there were no longer any barriers for women in the Police, yet such positive views were in contradiction with their own experiences. The tension between "perceptions" and "reality" creates a situation where the Police currently sit at a crossroads between the "old" culture and the new rhetoric of "change". Details: Wellington, NZ: Victoria University of Wellington, 2013. 171p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed February 23, 2015 at: http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/2984/thesis.pdf?sequence=2 Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Female Police Officers (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 134663 |
Author: Thornley, Louise Title: What Works to Prevent Intimate Partner Violence and Elder Abuse? Summary: This paper synthesises research evidence on preventing intimate partner violence and elder abuse before violence occurs. Important messages from this review 1. A strong case supports the need for primary prevention International researchers agree that preventing violence before it occurs - primary prevention - is crucial and attainable (World Health Organization 2013, Bellis et al 2012, World Health Organization 2010, VicHealth 2007). Many countries, e.g. Australia and the US, are strengthening their focus on primary prevention. Intimate partner violence and elder abuse are major problems that harm families and whanau, individuals, and communities, as well as New Zealand's social and economic status. In light of the widespread and serious impacts, we cannot afford not to invest in preventing violence before it occurs (World Health Organization 2013 and 2010, Bellis et al 2012, VicHealth 2007). 2. Primary prevention is an emerging field with many promising practices Research on the primary prevention of intimate partner violence and elder abuse is in its early days, particularly for sexual violence and elder abuse. In New Zealand, most primary prevention programmes are not yet evaluated. Though we do not yet have all the answers, there is much we can do towards preventing violence before it occurs. Researchers say there are other grounds to support primary prevention while the field is under-evaluated - e.g. where programmes are theoretically sound, feasible, successfully implemented, and where they address known risk and protective factors (World Health Organization and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 2010, VicHealth 2007). Much promising work is underway locally and internationally which needs to be tested and expanded (World Health Organization 2013). 3. The prevention of complex problems takes time and requires cross-sector involvement The primary prevention field is evolving. It will require ongoing development and investment over time. Researchers stress that change in this area needs time; there is no quick fix (e.g. Quadara and Wall 2012, VicHealth 2012b, Casey and Lindhorst 2009, VicHealth 2007). Multi-faceted primary prevention programmes need be trialled for sufficient time to show results. This is better than implementing short-term programmes which address a single influence on violence. Cross-sector, multi-agency prevention is required to address the complex causes of and impacts on intimate partner violence and elder abuse. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, 2013. 65p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 2, 2015 at: https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/work-programmes/initiatives/action-family-violence/what-works-to-prevent-intimate-partner-violence-and-elder-abuse-25-09-2013-taskforce-meeting.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 135128 |
Author: Chetwin, Alison Title: A review of the effectiveness of interventions for adult victims and children exposed to family violence Summary: This paper, produced for the Taskforce for Action on Violence within Families, examines the effectiveness of interventions that respond to victims of intimate partner violence and children exposed to this violence. The paper considers what interventions might be most helpful in assisting women and children to become safer and in addressing the immediate and longer term consequences of experiencing violence. The interventions discussed represent only one segment of a large and complex system response to family violence. The system exists to hold offenders to account, to rehabilitate offenders, and to support and protect victims and children. The many research reviews studied for this paper generally agree that several factors are common to effective interventions for both victims and children. (a) Services need to be integrated, and be provided with multi-agency co-ordination or collaboration to be effective in addressing family violence and its impacts. (b) Victims and children who have been exposed to intimate partner violence will have a variety of different needs. Therefore, we need to design response systems that are capable of addressing a variety of needs at different points in time and in different locations and sectors. Standardised interventions are less likely to engage their intended participant group, or to acknowledge participants need to determine their own solutions. Interventions should also acknowledge and work with differences in culture, age, level of trauma, and co-occurring issues. (c) It is important that both victims and children are offered longer term, on-going support. (d) Effective interventions have: * skilled, experienced and supported staff with a strong understanding of the dynamics of partner and other family violence * a clear purpose and theoretical base * strong linkages to other services which support victims and children. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, 2013. 62p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 2, 2015 at: https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/work-programmes/initiatives/action-family-violence/a-review-of-the-effectiveness-of-interventions-for-adult-victims-and-children-exposed-to-family-violence-25-09-2013-tf-meeting.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse Shelf Number: 135129 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Social Development Title: Evaluation Report for the Military-style Activity Camp (MAC) Programme Summary: This report outlines the findings from an evaluation of the Military-style Activity Camp (MAC) programme. The MAC programme, introduced in October 2010 as part of the Government's Fresh Start reforms, targets 40 of the most serious and persistent youth offenders in New Zealand each year. MACs are delivered in partnership by Child, Youth and Family (CYF) and the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF). The evaluation, carried out between February and June 2013, identifies parts of the MAC programme that are working well or not so well and examines early evidence regarding the overall effectiveness of the MAC programme. The evaluation uses several methods of data collection, including qualitative interviews with residential and community-based staff and a small number of young people; an analysis of CYF administrative data; in-depth case studies of four young people; and a reoffending outcomes analysis for MAC participants taking place six months and 12 months after completion of their Supervision with Residence (SwR) orders. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, 2013. 81p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 2, 2015 at: www.msd.govt.nz Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Juvenile Delinquents Shelf Number: 135140 |
Author: Looser, Diana M.F. Title: Boobslang: A lexicographical study of the argot of New Zealand prison inmates in the period 1996-2000 Summary: Boobslang, or the argot of New Zealand prison inmates, is a form of language unique to prisons and criminal subcultures. Although prison argot is a linguistic feature of most prison communities worldwide, boobslang is a specific New Zealand variety. With its origins in sixteenth century British cant, boobslang is an extension of the underworld varieties that developed in Britain, America and Australia. Individual tenns were first recorded in New Zealand in the late nineteenth century and the argot started to develop an indigenous flavour during the first half of the twentieth century. Brief glossaries have been published occasionally since the 1940s. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part provides a sociological and lexicological context for boobslang, discussing the nature of the prison community in New Zealand; the prison as both a total institution and an antisociety: that is, a separate, resistant world requiring resocialisation of the inmate; and boobslang as an anti language generated by that antisociety, and the vehicle of the inmate's resocialisation in the prison environment. The specific functions of boobslang within the prison environment are also considered, as are the characteristics of the New Zealand variety of boobslang; the differences between boobslang use in men's and women's prisons; and the historical development of underworld varieties of language that have given rise to the boobslang used by contemporary inmates. The second and larger part of the thesis presents data gathered by interview with inmates in all of New Zealand's prisons. This takes the form of a full-length lexicon of boobslang, containing approximately 3,000 entries. The lexicon provides information about headword, definition, etymology and origins, together with citations from New Zealand literature, and extensive cultural notes covering such subjects as the drug culture, gangs, and prison policy and procedure. This thesis contains the first comprehensive lexicographical study of New Zealand prison argot. It makes a contribution to historical lexicography by recording the speech habits of New Zealand prison inmates at the end of the twentieth century. Details: Christchurch, NZ: University of Canterbury, 2001. 156p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed April 7, 2015 at: http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/4789 Year: 2001 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Language Shelf Number: 135175 |
Author: Statistics New Zealand Title: Review of Police Crime Data: 2014 Summary: This report is about crimes that are reported to the Police. The focus of the report is to understand how crimes are counted and classified for statistical purposes, and the systems in place to ensure that this is done accurately and consistently. Crime statistics are of high public interest and those relating to offences, offenders, and victims are designated as Tier 1 statistics. Tier 1 statistics are "the most important national statistics, essential to understanding how well New Zealand is performing" (Statistics NZ, 2012, p1). The level of public trust and confidence required of these statistics means they need to meet high standards of accuracy and integrity. The Government Statistician reviews subject matter statistics from time to time to ensure that the right information is being produced (relevance) and that the statistics are fit for use (quality). The suitability of Police crime statistics for Tier 1 status was initially assessed in 2006 (Statistics NZ, 2006) and a wider review of crime and justice statistics was completed in 2009 (Statistics NZ, 2009). Both reviews pointed to the need to improve the manner in which the source data are collected and prepared for statistical processing. Consequently, Police has invested in the statistical infrastructure (classifications and data standards) and the systems that support collecting and processing the data. Over the past 12 months, there has been public debate about the quality of the data used to produce the statistics. Debate inevitably raises questions about the level of trust and confidence that the public can have in the statistics. Police are also proposing to introduce, over the next 12 months, an improved set of statistics built around victims and offenders, which are underpinned by improved statistical infrastructure and systems. Consequently, it is an opportune time to review the Police's statistical infrastructure, in particular the suitability of the organisation, infrastructure, and systems to support the compilation of Tier 1 official crime statistics. Details: Wellington, NZ: Statistics New Zealand, 2015. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 8, 2015 at: http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/people_and_communities/crime_and_justice/review-police-crime-data-2014/intro-crime-stats.aspx Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Statistics (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 135183 |
Author: Collinson, Lucie Title: Portrayal of Violence, Weapons, Antisocial Behaviour and Alcohol: Study of Televised Music Videos in New Zealand Summary: Aim - Given evidence that exposure to violence in the media is associated with subsequent violent behaviour in young people, we aimed to study the content of televised music videos with regards to violence, weapons, antisocial behaviours and alcohol use. Method Music videos recorded from the New Zealand television channel 'Juice' in 2010 (n=861), were examined for violence-related content. Coding methods were developed and refined; and inter-rater reliability assessed. Data on six violence-related themes were collected: violence, weapons, antisocial behaviour, death themes, suicidal behaviour and Goth culture themes. Results - Over a third (39.3%, 338/861) of these music videos portrayed at least one violence-related theme (95% CI: 36.0% - 42.6%). More specifically, violence was portrayed in 23.7% of videos, and similarly for: the presence of weapon/s (12.9%), antisocial behaviour (10.7%), death themes (8.9%), suicidal behaviour (4.1%), and 'Goth' culture themes (2.7%). Violence portrayal was significantly more common in videos in which alcohol was also portrayed (34.5% of those with alcohol), than when alcohol was not portrayed (21.1%) (risk ratio [RR] = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.25 - 2.18). This was also the pattern for weapons portrayal at 19.6% and 11.3% respectively (RR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.19 - 2.28). There was potential glamorisation of violence in that a fifth (20.4%) of videos portraying violence-related content (n=338) had sexual content and violence present in the same scene. Conclusions - The portrayal of violence, weapons and antisocial behaviours in music videos was common in this New Zealand sample. Furthermore, the portrayal of violence was significantly associated with the portrayal of alcohol. Fortunately there are a range of regulatory and non-regulatory approaches that could be used to reduce such portrayals if society considers this worthwhile. Details: Wellington, NZ: Department of Public Health, University of Otago, 2014. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April at http://www.otago.ac.nz/wellington/otago085799.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Media Violence (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 135330 |
Author: Towns, Alison Title: "It's About Having Control Back, Freedom from Fear": An evaluation of Shine safe@home programme for victims/survivors of domestic violence Summary: This report provides details of an evaluation of the Shine safe@home programme implemented during the period 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013. The safe@home programme is targeted towards those victims/survivors of domestic violence who experience repeat victimization and who are at high risk of serious assault or death, with a view to decreasing future victimization. The programme secures the home and provides advocacy services to victims/survivors who have made the decision to keep the person who has used domestic violence out of their home. Outcomes in the first year indicate very positive changes for clients of the programme and their children. The data from 54 clients who received the pre- and post-security upgrade assessment between the 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2013 were analysed for the impact of the safe@home programme on them and their children. Twenty-four clients recruited from 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2014 were interviewed some months after the safe@home security upgrade to determine whether changes were maintained in the long term. Key findings concerning the impact of safe@home on adult clients' safety: - Ninety percent of the 54 clients for whom pre- and post-security upgrade data was collected had been physically assaulted by the perpetrator prior to their engagement with the safe@home service. Many victims had experienced multiple physical assaults with 34% (14 of the clients) reporting they had been assaulted more than 25 times during the course of their relationship. At the post-upgrade assessment only one of the 54 clients reported having experienced a further assault. - Prior to safe@home 80% of the 54 clients reported experiencing damage to their possessions and damage to the house from the offender whereas no clients reported such damage after the safe@home security upgrade. - Of the 54 clients 28% reported experiencing an incident from the offender that made them afraid after the safe@home security upgrade and there were some reports from clients after the safe@home security upgrade of stalking behaviours. - There were marked improvements in how safe these 54 clients felt following safe@home compared to the clients who reported on how safe they felt prior to the security upgrade. - Of the 24 clients interviewed for long-term follow up information only one reported an assault that occurred following the safe@home security upgrade and while the programme was still in place. This assault occurred away from the home. - Of these 24 clients 46% had experienced an incident that made them afraid following the security upgrade and while the programme was in place and 63% had experienced unwanted contact or stalking following the security upgrade and while the programme was in place. For most clients, these experiences appeared to reduce or stop altogether following police and court action. Key findings concerning the impact of the safe@home programme on adult clients' quality of life: - Of the 54 clients, 85% had to move house due to the offender's actions prior to safe@home but after safe@home none had to move house. - Close to 40% of these clients had to leave property behind prior to safe@home when moving house but none of them had to after safe@home due to there being no moves. - Approximately two thirds of clients out of 31 reported being prevented by the offender's actions from obtaining employment and more than a third out of 31 from undergoing educational courses at the pre-safe@home security upgrade. At the post-security upgrade assessment no clients out of 23 reported being prevented from obtaining employment and only two clients out of 23 clients reported that they left educational courses due to the offender's actions. - At the pre-safe@home security upgrade assessment approximately 40% of 52 clients reported the violence they experienced involved serious and/or potentially life-threatening injuries. No clients reported receiving any injuries following the security upgrade. - Clients reported improvements in sleep, self confidence, concentration or memory, anxiety or panic attacks, depression, alcohol or drug intake, and happiness after the security upgrade. Key findings relating to the adult victims' children's safety and quality of life were: - At the pre-safe@home security upgrade assessment, 72% of 43 clients with children said that their children had been hurt by the offender whereas no clients reported that their children were hurt by the offender after the security upgrade. No assaults on children were reported by the 22 adults who had children and who were interviewed months after the security upgrade. - Prior to the safe@home programme 28% of 109 children were reported by adult clients to be involved in an assault while being physically held, 64% were reported by these adults to have witnessed an assault and 64% were reported to be in fear of the offender. After the safe@home security upgrade, no child was reported to be involved in an assault while being held, 3% were reported to have witnessed an assault and 29% were reported to be in fear of the offender. - There were improvements in the number of these children reported to show trauma symptoms, problems at school and issues with eating and clinging behaviours. Details: Auckland, New Zealand : Mt Albert Psychological Services, 2014. 222p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 20, 2015 at: https://library.nzfvc.org.nz/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=4680 Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Abused Women Shelf Number: 135730 |
Author: Meima, Yolanda Title: An evaluation of a New Zealand safe@home service: Using a crime prevention approach to enhance the safety and overall well-being for high risk victims of domestic violence Summary: Numerous women have left their homes in their attempt to stop the violence used against them by their partner and potentially saving their lives. Mothers often move into a safe place, taking their offspring with them. Despite the leavers being the victims or the ones who are wrongly harmed, leaving their homes often goes unchallenged and indeed, encouraged by others. Safe at home models work on the premise that victims of domestic violence should have the right to choose whether they want to remain in their homes, be able to do this safely and have the support of community and government organisations. Such models are informed by Routine Activity Theory (RAT), a crime prevention approach, vary in design and have been implemented and operating over recent decades in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia. The safe@home service evaluated in this research is unique to New Zealand and has been provided since late 2008 by Safer Homes in New Zealand Everyday (Shine), a non-government agency that works to reduce domestic abuse. The study has two parts that include qualitative data and quantitative analysis. This project involved a review of over 100 pre and post-service questionnaires that clients of Shine's safe@home service completed prior to the service and within 1 - 3 months following the service, and interviews with 10 of these clients at least 12 months after the service. Sixty four clients' self-assessed pre and post-service questionnaires were fully completed and analysed, showing that 97% of these clients had substantial reductions in their level of fear; with equivalent improvements in their quality of life and whom reported major changes in many aspects of their lives. The data was then ranked and grouped according to those least and most satisfied with the service. Five clients from each group were the research participants and interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to identify, analyse and report on patterns or themes within the data collected from these in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interview data found that contrary to concerns in the literature regarding the safety for women who remain in their homes, the women and children in this study were able to continue to live free from violence in their homes. The interviews included the participants rating of their and their children's level of fear of their ex-partner experienced prior to the service and currently. Again there were huge reductions from pre-service levels, with the reduction continuing over the period from post-service levels right up to the time of the interview. Despite some on-going abuse by their former partners, previously successful attempts to break into their homes now proved fruitless. Other topics covered in this research study include their current quality of life and well-being, relationships with others, study and work, social activities and their future aspirations. A discussion about the role of counselling for the participants and their children is provided along with the influence of discourses as identified by the participants. Recommendations on how the Shine's safe@home service can be improved is based on the suggestions made by the participants and the research findings. Details: Auckland: UNITEC New Zealand, 2014. 142p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed May 23, 2015 at: http://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10652/2476/Yolandas%20Meima.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 135758 |
Author: Hann, Cheryl Title: Creating Change: Mobilising New Zealand Communities to Prevent Family Violence Summary: Key Messages - Community mobilisation is a complex and long-term approach but has the potential to transform communities. - Principles of community mobilisation include: a social change perspective; whole community engagement; collaboration; being community-led; and, a vision for - better world. - Community mobilisation approaches make theoretical and practical sense. As a recent approach, the necessary components of community mobilisation are still emerging, and projects are learning as they go. - Supporting this work to develop requires thinking in new ways from all involved, from funders and policy makers to NGO leaders, practitioners and community members. - It also requires some different and sustained investment in coordination roles, workforce development, and new leadership skills. - Internationally, there are a few examples which show promise in terms of effectiveness, and there are also promising NZ initiatives. However most have not been evaluated. There must be investment in research and evaluation to learn more about what works to create change. - Findings from international projects indicate that CM efforts can result in substantial reductions in violence in relatively short periods of time, e.g. 2-3 years. Details: Auckland, New Zealand: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, University of Auckland, 2015. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 8: Accessed May 26, 2015 at: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/issues-paper-8-creating-change-2015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Community Participation Shelf Number: 135784 |
Author: Mossman, Elaine Title: An Outcome Evaluation of Police Safety Orders Summary: On 1 July 2010, Police Safety Orders (PSOs) were introduced as a new tool for Police in dealing with family violence. They enable frontline officers to take immediate action to protect victims of family violence when there is insufficient evidence for an arrest. PSOs are instant orders that require the primary aggressor (Bound Person) to leave the residence and not return or contact the victim(s) (Person/s At Risk) for a prescribed period of time (maximum duration five days). The evaluation assessed the extent to which PSOs achieve their intended short- and longer-term outcomes with specific reference to the following four evaluation objectives: Objective 1: To use available data to gauge the extent to which the use of PSOs increase the immediate safety of the victim/children Objective 2: To investigate whether the use of PSOs achieves the compliance of the Bound Person1 Objective 3: To investigate the likelihood of whether the use of PSOs contributes to a reduction in re-victimisation Objective 4: To identify any unintended outcomes arising as a result of issuing/serving PSOs. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2014. 120p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 15, 2015 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/pso-outcome-evaluation-report.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 136061 |
Author: New Zealand. Office for Senior Citizens Title: Towards gaining a greater understanding of elder abuse and neglect in New Zealand Summary: The United Nations and the World Health Organisation define elder abuse as, "a single, or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person". Such abuse can be physical, psychological or emotional, sexual and/or financial in nature. It can also be the result of intentional or unintentional neglect. This research, based on the New Zealand Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NZLSA) shows that the vast majority of older people are safe and are not experiencing or at risk of abuse and neglect. This is the first time New Zealand has been able to gain an insight into the likely numbers of older people experiencing some form of elder abuse and neglect. The results show that there are relatively high rates of measures which can be related to elder abuse and neglect, loneliness and depression. A number of specific groups of older people face higher rates of abuse, including women, Mori and those who are separated, divorced or widowed. Key findings include: -- Around one in ten older people did report some form of abuse (most closely linked to vulnerability and coercion) -- There were significant differences between women and men. Across each measure, women experienced a greater sense of vulnerability, dependence and dejection. However men experienced higher levels of coercion. -- Older people who were divorced, separated or widowed people felt considerably more sad and lonely, or were uncomfortable with someone in their family -- Older Maori experienced a significantly greater level of abuse than non-Maori. Maori report being coerced more than 2.5 times the rate for non-Maori, meaning they are forced to do things they don't want to do and people take things from them without their permission -- Failure to address current levels of elder abuse is likely to have significant effects in the future. This is because the report shows statistically significant reductions in physical and mental health and wellbeing, as well as increases in loneliness and depression associated with elder abuse -- Projections indicate that the number of older people experiencing elder abuse and neglect will increase significantly in the next 20 years, alongside a doubling of the 65 and over population. It should be noted that the results record: -- the prevalence and types of abuse as measured by Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale (VASS) from the sub-sample of NZLSA participants aged 65 years -- the relationships between gender, marital status and ethnicity and the elder abuse data -- the associations between the VASS responses and the wellbeing, health, depression and loneliness scales -- projections of elder abuse prevalence in New Zealand over the next five decades, based on this data and using Statistics NZ Population Projections by Age. Details: Wellington, NZ: Office for Senior Citizens, 2015. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 3, 2015 at: http://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/about-msd/our-structure/osc/elder-abuse-summary-report.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Elder Abuse Shelf Number: 136286 |
Author: New Zealand. Law Commission. Title: Alternative pre-trial and trial processes : possible reforms Summary: This project arose from the Commission's recommendation in their Report, Disclosure to Court of Defendants' Previous Convictions, Similar Offending, and Bad Character (R103, 2008). The Commission recommended that Government should undertake an inquiry into whether the present adversarial trial process should be modified or replaced with an alternative model, with particular reference to cases involving sexual violence. In 2012, the Commission completed a preliminary review of the use of alternative pre-trial and trial processes for criminal offending, with a specific focus on sex offences. The Commission published Issues Paper 30 and received a large number of submissions from the public. The project was then put on hold by the Minister Responsible for the Law Commission at the time. In late 2014, the project was reactivated on request of the current Minister of Justice. The terms of reference for the project have not changed. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Law Commission, 2012. 117p. Source: Internet Resource: Law Commission issues paper, 2012, no. 30: Accessed August 10, 2015 at: http://www.lawcom.govt.nz/sites/default/files/projectAvailableFormats/NZLC%20IP30.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Criminal Courts Shelf Number: 136373 |
Author: Roguski, Michael Title: 'It's not OK' Campaign community evaluation report Summary: The 'It's not OK' Campaign has resulted in increased awareness of family violence and a number of attitude and behaviour changes at an individual, families/whanau and community level. However,. these changes have occurred incrementally. Within a context of intergenerational family violence and wider cultural antecedents that contribute to family violence there is a need for a long-term family violence Campaign. The evaluation found that the campaign had: - increased awareness and message infiltration; - increased willingness to discuss family violence; - inspired people to intervene; - led to young people changing their behaviour; - led to changes to organisational culture; - developed a sense of community ownership; and, - led to an increase in family violence reports to Police and lower thresholds for people reporting. The critical success factors in common across the seven communities show how the Campaign has supported change. They were identified as: - the national It's not OK media campaign - support and resourcing from the national It's not OK Campaign; - local leadership; - a dedicated local Campaign coordinator; - community awareness of family violent incidents; and, - local champions. The national Campaign and the campaign team were seen as critical in providing expertise, funding and resources to the projects. Local projects could leverage off the national media messages. The national Campaign team's partnership approach in encouraging local ownership and leadership of the Campaign, local messages and the development of local champions was also seen as a factor of success. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, 2015. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 10, 2015 at: http://www.areyouok.org.nz/assets/RUOK-Uploads/f-MDS17572-Evaluation-Doc-1a.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 136374 |
Author: Harre, Thomas David Andrew Title: Human Trafficking For Forced Labour At Sea: An Assessment Of New Zealand's Response Summary: The fishing industry is worth approximately $1.4 billion annually to the New Zealand economy, making seafood New Zealand's fifth largest export earner, and giving the industry as a whole a position of high importance to New Zealand. All is not well however. Recent events have exposed a sordid underside to this industry involving the abuse of labour of foreign fishermen at the hands of Korean boat owners, chartered by New Zealand companies to fish New Zealand waters. Since the introduction of the quota management system in the 1980s, the New Zealand fishing industry has had problems relating to the exploitation of migrant workers. In some instances, this exploitation appears to be manifested in the form of human trafficking. Adopting a socio-legal methodology, this thesis examines the facts that support claims of human trafficking of economically vulnerable fishers from countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines into New Zealand, where they are required to work in exploitative conditions upon foreign charter vessels in New Zealand's exclusive economic zone. Having established the argument for the existence of human trafficking in New Zealand's territory (a claim which has been consistently downplayed or denied by government officials) this thesis then examines the evolving nature of the legal obligations that have been placed upon the New Zealand government by international law. Combining these international obligations with standards of best practice that have been derived from an examination of three other jurisdictions - Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America - into a set of benchmark criteria, this thesis concludes with a critical assessment of the New Zealand anti-trafficking framework by these standards. Details: Canterbury, NZ: University of Canterbury, 2013. 198p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed August 14, 2015 at: http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/10092/8377/1/thesis_fulltext.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Fishing Industry Shelf Number: 136424 |
Author: Wilson, Denise Title: The People's Blueprint: Transforming the way we deal with child abuse and domestic violence in New Zealand Summary: People have a basic right to live free from violence. To continue to allow violence to occur in families/ whanau, the fabric of our society, is unjust and unfair. Janice's story illustrates the ways violence and abuse in families is hidden under a veil of secrets, silence, stigma and shame - because of this it continues to fester in our families and communities. The People's Report, based on 500 people's stories, brought to our attention that seeking help for abuse and violence for many women and children puts them at risk of further harm. New Zealand can no longer continue to respond to family violence by treading carefully around its edges. Those affected by family violence must carefully navigate their daily lives to keep themselves and their children safe. Many are not successful and are seriously harmed or killed. Many people told us that they were likely to encounter disrespectful and unhelpful people working in the system supposed to help and protect them. They said they were re-traumatised in numerous ways while seeking help. At the same time, many people living or working with those affected by family violence do not get involved. Instead they choose to avoid the conflict and tension associated with responding. Family violence seems to "sew people's lips, eyes, and ears shut and turns them to stone." People often know that abuse is occurring in their homes, their neighbourhood, or when they are out and about in their communities. Their hearts and minds tell them it is not right, but often they do not know what to do. Instead, as The People's Report confirms, most are likely to do either little or nothing. Actively responding to the plight and desperation of children, women and men affected by family violence is essential if we are to keep them safe, and importantly, prevent serious harm or death. People affected by family violence, and those helping, need to have trust that the system, its processes and services designed to address this problem, will help them. They need to have trust that seeking help will not make their violence and abuse worse, and re-traumatise them. The People's Report provides evidence that many people in New Zealand have poor understanding about child abuse, domestic violence, and the violence that happens in many families/whanau. This includes government officials, policy-makers, legislators and those working in family violence services for children, women and men. This lack of knowledge and understanding permits child abuse and domestic violence to thrive. Details: Auckland, NZ: The Glenn Inquiry, 2014. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 31, 2015 at: https://glenninquiry.org.nz/uploads/files/The_Peoples_Blueprint_Electronic_Final.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 136623 |
Author: Gulliver, Pauline Title: Risk assessment: What is it and how can it be applied in family violence? Summary: Key messages Risk assessment must be considered as a piece in the wider puzzle of risk management. Adequate services need to be provided for those considered at less risk, so they receive an appropriate response. This also reduces the imperative for service providers to escalate a case, in order to get help for a person. Effective risk assessment and management needs to be grounded in an integrated response system. This needs to have: - Underlying principles which shape how practitioners respond. - Training for practitioners in the effective conduct of risk assessment and the effective communication of results. - Appropriate risk assessment tools should be selected, with monitoring to ensure they are used as intended and that they support risk management decision making. - Clarity of roles and responsibilities for all components of the system. Co-location of professionals for risk management appears very beneficial to facilitate adequate communication. Co-location: - Enhances the development of a unique culture which supports increased trust and information sharing between professionals from different agencies. - Facilitates the process of risk management planning by reducing turnaround times and enhancing access to services. - Where effective colocation is not achievable, clear roles, responsibilities, communication strategies and a common culture around family violence must be developed to ensure a consistent response is provided. Effective communication of risk, using common language, is vital to ensure all professionals understand how an estimation of risk was derived. - Training is required across government agencies to ensure there is a consistent understanding of family violence - including understanding definitions and patterns of violence. - To develop a common language, training should be shared across government agencies, rather than being delivered within agencies. Effective risk management requires a lead agency to take responsibility for the implementation of planned activities. This lead agency also needs to be tasked with the responsibility of regularly reviewing risk in light of developments. - Agencies need to be aware of each others roles and responsibilities within the risk management system. - Where limitations exist within the family violence risk management system, external resourcing may be required to ensure all risks are effectively addressed. Details: Auckland, NZ: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2015. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 9: Accessed November 5, 2015 at: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/issues-paper-9-risk-assessment.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 137198 |
Author: New Zealand. Law Commission. Title: The Justice Response to Victims of Sexual Violence. Criminal trials and Alternative Processes Summary: In its Report The Justice Response to Victims of Sexual Violence: Criminal Trials and Alternative Processes (R136), the Law Commission completes a review of trial processes in sexual violence cases and makes recommendations for change. It considers whether a non-criminal process is a viable alternative way of dealing with certain incidents of sexual violence, where that is desired by the victim, and puts forward a proposal to give effect to such an alternative. It also suggests that victims should have wraparound support throughout their time in the justice system and proposes the creation of a commission against sexual violence which would be responsible for leading and coordinating the provision of support to victims of sexual violence. The Law Commission makes a total of 82 recommendations across three distinct areas. Those recommendations include the following: Trial process and the courts - There should be a limit on the amount of time it takes for criminal proceedings involving sexual violence to get to trial. - Less traumatic methods of giving evidence at trial should be made available to complainants of sexual violence. - All judges who sit on sexual violence trials should receive special training. - A specialist sexual violence court should be piloted and future consideration should be given to whether proceedings in that court should or should not be heard in front of a jury. Alternative process - Government should put in place a legal and policy framework to give effect to an alternative process that could operate entirely separately of criminal trial. - The process would provide for a victim to complete a programme that addresses the harm caused by the sexual violence and that facilitates discussion with and reparation by the perpetrator, if appropriate. - It would be run by accredited, expert providers. - There would be some flexibility as to how the process is run by each provider but nationwide standards would ensure the safety of participants and cases could be rejected if the provider assessed them as unsuitable based on public safety risk or risk to the victim. - If this process was successfully completed by a perpetrator, the incident of sexual violence could not form the basis of a subsequent criminal prosecution. Support for victims - Government should develop training and education programmes for all those who interact with sexual violence victims in a professional capacity and should also consider a national accreditation programme. - A sexual violence commission should be established to coordinate support services for victims and to promote communication and consultation across the sector, and between government-based and community-based support providers. - The commission should also be responsible for carrying out research, delivering training and education programmes, and accrediting and monitoring the providers of the alternative process. Details: Wellington, NZ: Law Commission, 2015. 249p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 11, 2016 at: http://www.lawcom.govt.nz/sites/default/files/projectAvailableFormats/NZLC-R136-The-Justice-Response-to-Victims-of-Sexual-Violence.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Criminal Trials Shelf Number: 137458 |
Author: Foote, Jeff Title: Selecting interventions to reduce family violence and child abuse in New Zealand Summary: This report provides an intervention framework to support the review, selection and implementation of initiatives to reduce child abuse and/or family violence in New Zealand. The intervention framework builds on previous work to specify what a transformed system to address child abuse and family violence may look like as well as separately reported literature reviews in relation to high performing systems and effectiveness of family violence and child abuse interventions. The research team was mindful of the stories submitted by both victim/survivors and perpetrators of family violence to The People's Inquiry. These accounts made painful and oftentimes disturbing reading. Research deals with processed data but there is no doubt that the voices of victim/survivors helped to keep the research team grounded in the reality of the long term impacts of family violence. Many of the recorded experiences resonated with the research that was reviewed. At all times our priority has been to uphold the protection of human rights in which safety is paramount and must be the overriding goal of theories and approaches to violence. There is on-going debate about the terms that have been used to describe family violence throughout both Parts One and Two of this report. It was not possible to resolve such debates; instead we chose the generic terms 'family violence' (FV) and 'child abuse and neglect'(CAN) in an attempt to reflect the many types of relationships and types of conflict represented within both sectors. The decision to consistently focus on the interface between FV and CAN illustrates the overall holistic approach taken by the research team. Family violence (FV), in this report, includes intimate partner violence, child abuse and neglect, elder abuse, inter-sibling abuse and parental abuse. We recognise that, for some purposes, dealing with particular forms of family violence requires particular strategies and treatments. Details: Wellington, NZ: Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, 2014. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2016 at: https://www.esr.cri.nz/assets/SOCIAL-CONTENT/TGI.-Intervention-framework-report.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 137773 |
Author: Foote, Jeff Title: Toward a transformed system to address child abuse and family violence in New Zealand Summary: The Glenn Inquiry (TGI) has contracted ESR to bring together the relevant experience and expertise to collaboratively model a transformed system to address child abuse and neglect (CAN) and family violence (FV) in New Zealand. Our approach We have treated the task of reducing FV and CAN as a 'wicked problem'; that is, reducing FV and CAN is a problem that cannot be solved once and for all, and is not a matter of simply applying expert knowledge. The methods used in this project have been chosen because they are appropriate for working with wicked problems: stakeholder engagement, systems thinking and inter-disciplinary analysis. In this report, we refer to both CAN and FV. We recognise that, for some purposes, dealing with CAN requires particular strategies and treatment; however, the purpose of this report is to develop a transformed system that will reduce both CAN and other forms of FV. While the underlying causes of CAN and other FV may be considered independently, and some responses to each form of abuse will need to be particular, this report proposes a wider system of responses that will enable targeted interventions for each form of abuse. We use the term 'family violence' in this report in the sense it has come to be understood in Aotearoa, and is used in Te Rito: New Zealand Family Violence Prevention Strategy. In this use, FV includes intimate partner violence, child abuse and neglect, elder abuse, inter-sibling abuse and parental abuse. The project consisted of four work-streams: 1. A review of the international and national literature on what would constitute a high performing system to address CAN and FV, including a review of New Zealand's current approach with a focus on government legalisation, policies and initiatives; 2. Qualitative modelling of the system dynamics associated with the existing way in which New Zealand has responded to CAN and FV; 3. A secondary (sociological) analysis of suggestions for system improvement from the People's Report; and, 4. Developing a systemic model of a transformed system through collaborative workshops with sector experts. Literature Four appraisals of the literature have been carried out to inform what would constitute a high performing system to reduce CAN and FV: 1. New Zealand's current approach to addressing CAN/FV, with a focus on government legalisation, policies and initiatives; 2. Research on prevalence, incidence, different types, impacts and challenges in responding to intimate partner violence; 3. Research on the prevalence, incidence, risk and protective factors and key interventions associated with child maltreatment/sexual abuse, including the interface between intimate partner violence and child abuse; and 4. Review of international frameworks for addressing violence against women, including the need to adopt a holistic framework to guide interventions. Details: Wellington, NZ: Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, 2014. 150p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2016 at: https://www.esr.cri.nz/assets/SOCIAL-CONTENT/TGI.-Towards-a-transformed-system.-Final-report.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 137774 |
Author: Carswell, Sue Title: Formative Evaluation of the Christchurch Metro Police Safety Order Project Summary: This report presents the findings of a formative evaluation of the Christchurch Metro Police Safety Order Project. The project is a joint collaboration between the New Zealand Police, Stopping Violence Services (SVS), Battered Women's Trust (BWT), Otautahi Maori Women's Refuge (OWR), West Christchurch Women's Refuge (WWR) and Aviva (formerly known as Christchurch Women's Refuge). The Metro PSO Project commenced as a pilot project on the 25th December 2012. The evaluation examines pilot implementation from January - December 2013. Police Safety Orders (PSO) were introduced nationally on the 1st July 2010 by the Domestic Violence Amendment Act 2009 (Domestic Violence Act insertion Part 6A, sections 124A - 124S). A PSO is issued by Police at family violence events to persons at risk of committing family violence (bound person) where there is no arrest; however an officer has reasonable grounds to believe that temporary separation is necessary to ensure the safety of persons at risk in the household. A PSO aims to deescalate a violent situation as the person bound by the order has to leave the household and cannot contact the persons at risk or the children who reside with them. The effect of the PSO can last up to five days. The Christchurch Metro Police Safety Order Project aims to improve safety within families by providing early intervention/prevention services to bound persons within the PSO timeframe where possible. The intervention services are provided by Stopping Violence Services, who contact bound persons to provide brief intervention including planning safety strategies to reduce the likelihood of family violence. SVS offers bound persons free access to further SVS services and information about other services they can access. The SVS approach is based on enabling people to take responsibility and be accountable for their behaviour. The Metro Project is based on a collaborative approach towards family safety and complements the crisis intervention already provided by Refuges to persons identified as being at risk on Police family violence reports (POL1310) where a PSO had been served. Similar to Refuge, SVS endeavour to contact bound persons as soon as possible services separately to avoid any inadvertent disclosure of information that may compromise safety. The pilot is integrated into the Family Violence Interagency Response System (FVIARS) and the FVIARS coordinator has oversight of referral processes. Bound persons are under no obligation to engage with SVS services and any engagement would be voluntary. The timing of offering intervention services was hypothesised as optimal for engagement as the bound person may be more receptive and motivated to engage shortly after receiving a PSO. The pilot has been managed by an interagency Project Management Team including NZ Police, SVS and Refuges, and is supported by an Advisory Group from the wider sector. A cross-agency professional supervision group supports operational staff after the incident. Details: Christchurch, NZ: Te Awatea Violence Research Centre, University of Canterbury, 2014. 81p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2016 at: http://www.vrc.canterbury.ac.nz/docs/Formative%20Evaluation%20of%20Christchurch%20Metro%20Police%20Safety%20Order%20Project%2028.3.14.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Battered Women Shelf Number: 137775 |
Author: McLeod, Keith Title: Using Integrated Administrative Data to Identify Youth Who Are at Risk of Poor Outcomes as Adults Summary: This paper summarises findings from an analysis of integrated administrative data seeking to identify the characteristics of young people aged 15 to 24 who are most at risk of poor long-term outcomes. The research is part of a broader 'social investment approach' by government agencies seeking to target services more effectively towards those most at need and reflects the recognition that such an approach requires better evidence about who these at-risk groups are. The analysis identifies those characteristics in the administrative data that are most predictive of a range of future poor outcomes and how this changes over the course of a young person's entry into adulthood and identifies groups of young people at particular risk at different ages. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Treasury, 2015. 74p. Source: Internet Resource: Analytical Paper 15/02: Accessed February 5, 2016 at: http://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/research-policy/ap/2015/15-02/ap15-02.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: At-risk Youth Shelf Number: 137776 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry for Women Title: A malu i 'aiga, e malu f'o'i fafo: Protection for the family, protection for all. Samoan people's understanding of primary prevention of violence against women Summary: Samoan communities in New Zealand understand primary prevention of violence against women and girls largely, if not entirely, within the context of fa'aSamoa (Samoan culture). Samoan principles such as the va tapuia, feagaiga and fa'asinomaga help to inform this uniquely Samoan context. These concepts and others were designed to keep women and girls safe from violence. When they were understood and observed this was perceived to be so. However, when they were misinterpreted, ignored and breached, women's and girls' safety were undermined or at risk. Research participants shared similar views and experiences about primary prevention. They also held varied views, including for example, what it meant to have and gain respect, or what it meant to grow up as a Samoan in Samoa as opposed to New Zealand, or about issues of cultural adaptation, cultural identity, and Samoan life. Participants find that Samoan communities do know what works to protect or keep Samoan women and girls safe from violence. They spoke of the potential in social marketing approaches and of open dialogue forums, such as in churches and community programmes, led by Samoan role models and leaders, and involve a good cross-section of the community. This report recognises that there are programmes that specifically target Samoan men's attitudes and behaviours towards violence. The findings are favourable of these programmes. Samoan communities also know what does not work to prevent violence. Including, clear misunderstandings about the link between cultural values, individual and collective behaviour, and thought. Cultures of violence and masculinity in the Samoan context can only be read in the context of Samoan societal drivers. Many of these drivers exist in Samoa and migrate with Samoan immigrants to New Zealand and persist to shape their and their children's attitudes and behaviours towards violence. The safety and wellbeing of all in Samoan society is paramount, but especially the vulnerable, including Samoan women and girls. For the short term, open discussion across generations in appropriate settings (about the factors that keep Samoan women and girls safe from violence), is a promising approach. These discussion forums can mobilise Samoan community efforts to enact primary prevention of violence. In the long term, culturally informed prevention education and practice initiatives can ensure that policy and practice models are appropriately responsive and effective in keeping Samoan women and girls safe from violence. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry for Women, 2015. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2016 at: http://women.govt.nz/sites/public_files/Pacific%20Report%20web.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Cultures of Violence Shelf Number: 137777 |
Author: Foote, Jeff Title: Measuring the effectiveness of 'whole-of-system' response to prevent family violence Summary: Around the world government and non-government organisations are struggling to assess and report how well they are doing in areas of the health, social and justice sectors. We need to be able to estimate and measure effectiveness in order to measure outcomes of our interventions. Considerable work has been done in comparing performance of particular initiatives but when our interest is on the 'system' there is no consensus as to how it should be measured. Superu commissioned the Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) to develop and test a proof of concept systems approach to measure the effectiveness of the 'whole-of-system' response to prevent family violence - one of society's complex social issues. The approach developed by ESR drew on three methodologies for interpreting complex systems: system dynamics, the balanced scorecard approach and sense-making. The approach use by ESR demonstrated the potential of using a combination of systems approaches to measure a whole-of-system response to prevent family violence. A review of New Zealand and international literature similarly supports the promise of system approaches. The proof of concept work also highlighted limitations and challenges in taking a whole-of-system perspective. This included lack of quality data, the need for intensive interaction in mapping the system, and lack of capability within government agencies to engage and use system approaches in developing and implementing policy. Superu concluded that there is potential in using system approaches to better understand complex social issues, but Superu is uncertain of the efficacy or practicality of using the approach to measure effectiveness of the family violence system. We would like further exploration of the use of system approaches. Details: Christchurch, NZ: Institute of Environmental Research Limited; Wellington, NZ: Superu, 2015. 83p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2016 at: http://www.superu.govt.nz/sites/default/files/Measuring%20Whole%20System%20Report_0.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Interventions Shelf Number: 137778 |
Author: Gordon, Liz Title: Formative Evaluation report Summary: This brief formative evaluation examines issues arising from the development of a Pillars family/whanau re-integration programme in May and June 2011. The evaluation report is to be submitted to the Department of Corrections along with the written programme and materials that have been developed into the Close to Home package. Most prisoners are parents, and most do not keep in good touch with their children and whanau through the sentence. Yet the research makes it clear that prisoners who get good support from their families/whanau are far less likely to re-offend than those who do not. A range of programmes were researched in developing the programme, and include information on what kind of programme, eligibility issues, length, content and actual and expected outcomes for the courses. This information was used in developing the structure and content of Close to Home. The programme was developed over 6-8 weeks and has been written as a programme workbook for delivery. It is summarised in this report. Features of the programme include: the use of high quality assessment tools and workbooks that have been developed for other programmes; a significant amount of work with the prisoner and whanau present; a strong focus on planning reintegration; and the use of a range of agencies through the Strengthening Families process to facilitate prisoner re-entry. This approach allows for the particular issues facing individual families to be addressed, and for families/whanau to have access to the resources of a wide range of agencies. The programme The programme involves significant pre-release work and also post-release guiding and support. Stakeholders support family/whanau re-integration, although they have a range of different views as to what it entails. There is acknowledgement that prisons currently have not focussed adequately on the role of the family/whanau, nor on the prisoner as a parent. The project materials were analysed. A wide range of good quality materials are available and will be used at various points through the pilot project. Core tools include the Time's Up workbook and the assessment tools, among others. The main findings of the formative evaluation are that a very effective programme has been assembled using a range of resources from a variety of sources. Key risks include the need to bring in a new staff member for the pilot programme phase, and the difficulties in tailoring courses to individual needs. The main risk for the pilot programme is timeliness, as all aspects of the programme will need to be complete within three months. Details: Christchurch, NZ: Pukeko Research Ltd., 2012. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 10, 2016 at: http://www.pillars.org.nz/images/stories/pdfs/formative_evaluation_of_close_to_home.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Children of Prisoners Shelf Number: 137834 |
Author: Gordon, Liz Title: Formative Evaluation of the Activities Centre at Christchurch Men's Prison Summary: Should children visit their incarcerated parent in prison? Do prison policies and practices impede or support the maintenance of prisoners' family ties? These questions have been the focus of research both internationally and in New Zealand. The Pillars Inc research project (Gordon, 2009, 2011) which examined the situation of the children of prisoners in New Zealand, found that regulations around prison visiting had become much more stringent in recent years and few opportunities were evident for active parenting in the prison environment. Following Gordon's research, a joint prison/Pillars committee has worked to set up a pilot Activities Centre in the low security visiting area of Christchurch Men's Prison. The Centre's aim was to facilitate father and child bonding and contribute to better family outcomes. In conjunction with this initiative, an evaluation project was undertaken between April and June 2012. The evaluation data was gathered from a number of sources: a review of literature, paperwork, meeting minutes and materials associated with the Centre's background and development; attendance at the Centre over two days to observe, write field notes and undertake evaluative interviews with prisoners and their families; a series of stakeholder interviews. Setting up the Activities Centre was shared, using a task-orientated action model; Pillars were responsible for stocking and staffing the Centre, and Corrections undertook the capital development and furnishings. Preparations went smoothly. Three existing rooms in the visiting centre in Christchurch Mens' Prison were furnished as Arts and Crafts, reading and DVD rooms. The outdoor area was also improved, with a series of painted panels plus the addition of a hopscotch area. High quality toys, games, books and DVDs were purchased. The dates and times of the rooms' availability were well advertised beforehand and visitors could book half hour slots in advance. Although booking was minimal, over the two days that the Activities Centre was evaluated, rooms were full with families at all times. The evaluation visits identified some resource and management issues in accommodating the demand for rooms. Some conditions, such as not taking books, toys etc out of specified rooms, were relaxed in the interest of the families and children. The observer's notes provide a picture of the families' use of the Activities Centre and show that the initiative was highly successful, encouraging 'more normal' parental interactions with children, also providing privacy and quiet. In some cases some transformational changes in children's demeanour and behaviour were observed. The brief survey, undertaken with fourteen families over the two days, revealed that the families clearly enjoyed the space and the only complaint was that the Activities Centre was closed too often. The most popular activities are drawing, colouring and stickers, followed by dolls and cars. Overall the satisfaction ratings for the Activities Centre were very high. Providing adequate staffing was the most problematic issue as volunteers were hard to find. Consequently the centre was run by a Pillars social worker, who was paid for this work. This person believes that two paid staff should be employed to run the Activities Centre. This would allow the centre to open each week and volunteers could still be used as support. The advantage of paid staff is experience, adequate ongoing training, and possibly better skills. However, the need for staffing may make it less likely that other prisons might adopt a similar model. The stakeholders interviewed, consisting of two Corrections staff, two Pillars staff and one volunteer, were strongly supportive of children visiting their parents in prison; in particular, they found value in many aspects of the Activities Centre. The comments mainly focussed on relationship issues and the opportunity for parenting in the prison environment. However, stakeholders also agreed that more needed to be done generally to improve parent/child relationships when a parent is in prison and all offered suggestions about this. Several stakeholders cautioned that the existence and relatively cheap transformation of the rooms was a bonus, but they raised issues about (a) whether this is the best model and (b) whether it is replicable. Various institutional factors were also mentioned. The establishment of a pilot Activities Centre at Christchurch Mens' Prison facilitates father and child bonding and contributes to better family outcomes. The potential benefit of this initiative is clear and other correctional facilities in New Zealand might consider adopting a similar workable model. Details: Christchurch, NZ: Pukeko Research Ltd, 2012. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 11, 2016 at: http://www.pillars.org.nz/images/stories/pdfs/ac_evaluation_report.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Children of Prisoners Shelf Number: 137841 |
Author: Cox, Joanne Title: Tagging and Graffiti: Attitudes and Experiences of New Zealanders Summary: The central aim of the study was to: - develop understanding of offender motivation and attitudes of young people more generally to tagging and graffiti. More specific questions form the central objectives of the study: - to develop knowledge of offenders' attitudes toward graffiti and tagging; - to understand the extent (if any) to which tagging and graffiti offending is associated with other criminal activity; - to identify factors that shape 'involvement decisions', 'event decisions' and 'desistance decisions' (Cornish and Clarke, 2006); - to examine the extent to which the transgressive nature of tagging and graffiti are central to offender motivation; - to establish the relationships between tagging, graffiti and other aspects of youth subculture. The research was conducted via an online survey and a series of focus groups. Findings from the survey and focus groups are presented in relation to three broad themes: general attitudes toward graffiti, the commissioning and writing of graffiti and tagging, and desistance from graffiti and tagging. Four themes of general significance emerge from the data: - graffiti writers do not form a group clearly or wholly distinct from non-graffiti writers; - graffiti is a meaningful cultural and social practice for writers and only indirectly 'appreciated' for its illegality; - graffiti writing is associated with a desire for local celebrity; - graffiti writers' perspectives on desistance suggest highly bounded rationality about prevention strategies. Details: Wellington, NZ: Institute of Criminology, Victoria University Wellington, 2009. 62p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 17, 2016 at: http://www.rethinking.org.nz/assets/young_people_and_crime/Tagging_Report_VUW_2009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Graffiti Shelf Number: 137858 |
Author: Child and Youth Mortality Review Committee Title: Special Report: The involvement of alcohol consumption in the deaths of children and young people in New Zealand during the years 2005-2007 Summary: While it is commonly accepted that alcohol misuse is harmful, very little is known about the effects of alcohol on the lives of children in New Zealand, particularly those under the age of 16. This special report was commissioned to investigate the role that alcohol consumption plays in the deaths of children and young people in New Zealand. This report examines 357 deaths of children and young people aged between 4 weeks and 24 years who died in New Zealand during the years 2005 to 2007. In 87 of these, the death was attributable to alcohol or alcohol clearly contributed to the death. Of these 87 deaths, 49 involved a motor vehicle, 16 involved assault and 11 were due to drowning. The majority of these deaths related to young people 15 to 24 years. The data shows a dramatic increase in death rates for injury from age 15 years onwards; much of this relates to adolescent risk-taking behaviour for which alcohol is a precipitating factor. This report also highlights that too many young people are victims of their own drinking or victims of the drinking of others. These issues represent different parts of the same problem but require different strategies for prevention. Victims of their own drinking typically drive while intoxicated, carry out risky behaviours (eg, being an intoxicated pedestrian) or drink to the point of poisoning and death. Most victims of others' drinking get into cars with, or are injured by, an intoxicated driver or are assaulted by people who are drunk. Details: Wellington, NZ: Child and Youth Mortality Review Committee, 2011. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 17, 2016 at: http://www.hqsc.govt.nz/assets/CYMRC/Publications/Alcohol-report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Shelf Number: 137866 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Social Development Title: Pasefika Proud Programme of Action: Addressing violence in Pasefika families and communities 2014-2017 Summary: The Pasefika Proud Programme of Action charts pathways to achieve the overall outcome: Saogalem Pasefika families living in peace, harmony and wellbeing. The purpose of the Pasefika Proud Programme of Action: 20142017 is to address key issues and priorities for the next three years in relation to family/domestic violence in Pasefika families living in New Zealand. Click on the link below to view Programme of Action 2014 - 2017. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, Pacific Unit, 2014. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 22, 2016 at: https://www.familyservices.govt.nz/documents/working-with-us/programmes-services/pasefika-proud/pasefika-proud-programme-of-action.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 137932 |
Author: Rayner-Thomas, Margaret Title: Intimate partner violence and the workplace Summary: Key Messages - Intimate partner violence is common. - Many victims and perpetrators are in paid work. - Workplaces provide an ideal place for intervention and raising awareness about intimate partner violence. - Barriers to action by workplaces can include: a lack of understanding of the size, nature and impact of the problem and not knowing how to respond to the issue; not recognising the high cost to their businesses. - Active adoption of strategies to support those who experience intimate partner violence is important to secure their long-term safety. There are local and international examples of these strategies. These include: - Adopting workplace practices and policies (e.g. flexible work hours, flexible work locations, security practices, awareness raising) - The inclusion of entitlements that support victims' safety in collective agreements - Partnering with specialised family violence agencies to support in-house training and facilitate referrals - Legislation, related to work leave, anti-discrimination and occupational safety and health. - By actively engaging with the realities of intimate partner violence, organisations can avoid taking on the financial and resource costs associated with its occurrence and impacts in the workplace. Most importantly, it will help establish healthier and more equitable workplaces for all employees. Details: Auckland, NZ: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2014. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 7: Accessed February 23, 2016 at: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/issues-paper-7-2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Violence Shelf Number: 137943 |
Author: Morris, Michele Title: The Impact of Sentencing on Offenders' Future Labour Market Outcomes and Re-offending - Community Work Versus Fines Summary: This study provides evidence to help inform sentencing policy by assessing the differential impact of two types of sentences (community work and fines) on adult offenders' subsequent employment, benefit receipt and re-offending. This is the first study in New Zealand to examine post-sentencing employment outcomes and benefit receipt of such offenders. We focus on offences where we observe variation in sentencing after controlling for observable differences and examine outcomes for up to three years following conviction. This analysis uses recently-linked anonymised administrative data from the tax, benefit and justice systems within Statistics New Zealand's Integrated Data Infrastructure, which provides detailed information on all convicted offenders and their offending. Impacts are estimated by comparing the changes in post-conviction outcomes of offenders who received a fine with changes in outcomes for matched comparison groups of offenders who received a community work sentence. Matching is done using the method of propensity score matching. Impacts are estimated separately for four types of offences and for a general model that pools several types of offences together. People sentenced to community work are more likely to re-offend within two years of conviction compared to fined offenders. There is no difference in impact on employment during the follow-up period for the two types of sentences (except in one case where there is a short-term differential impact in the year following conviction). We find that people sentenced to community work are more likely to be on benefit following conviction compared to people who are fined. We regard our estimates as an upper bound of the true differential impact of community work compared to fines on offenders' subsequent outcomes. While our method controls for observed offender characteristics, it is still possible that there are significant uncontrolled differences between the offenders who were sentenced to community work and those who were fined (eg, the differences in being on benefit could be due to differences in the level of financial support from a partner). Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Treasury, 2015. 87p. Source: Internet Resource: New Zealand Treasury Working Paper 15/04: Accessed February 24, 2016 at: http://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/research-policy/wp/2015/15-04/twp15-04.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alternatives to Incarceration Shelf Number: 137953 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Social Development Title: Adult gang members and their children's contact with Ministry of Social Development service lines Summary: The harm inflicted by gangs is a serious issue in New Zealand. We have a complex gang problem that spans social, economic and justice issues. Almost half of the serious offences committed by gang members are family violence-related. A high proportion of gang members' children experience multiple incidents of abuse or neglect. Adult gang members and their children's contact with Ministry of Social Development service lines seeks to quantify the scope and scale of the societal impact of adult gangs in New Zealand as it relates to contact with the Ministry. The report establishes baseline figures on how many known adult gang members, and how many of their children, come into contact with the Ministry of Social Development's service arms, and the types and estimated total costs of contacts that occur. This report, as a first step, gives a much more comprehensive picture of the social costs associated with gang members. There is further opportunity for government agencies to work more collaboratively to address the social harms noted throughout this report. Most notably, there would be an added benefit in incorporating further social sector data to enhance the profile we have of gang families. Key findings Profile of known adult gang members as at July 2014 - Most (86 per cent) of the 3,960 known adult gang members were patched, with the other 14 per cent being prospects. Patched members and prospects were all male. - The two largest adult gangs, the Mongrel Mob and Black Power, accounted for two-thirds of all known adult gang members in New Zealand as at July 2014. - Over three-quarters of adult gang members were Maori, 14 per cent were European and eight per cent were Pacific peoples. - Adult gang members' ages were spread with 20 per cent being in their twenties, 29 per cent in their thirties, 31 per cent in their forties and 17 per cent in their fifties. The average age of gang members was nearly 40 years. Welfare assistance received by gang members - Nine out of every ten gang members have received main benefits. - Ninety-two per cent (3,627) of the total 3,960 known gang members received main benefits from MSD at some stage between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2014. - The 3,627 gang members spent on average 8.9 years on a main benefit (not necessarily continuously). Over half the time was receiving job seeker-related benefits and nearly a quarter of the time was receiving health or disability-related benefits. - Eighteen per cent of all gang members had received a main benefit for a total of over 15 years, whereas 13 per cent received main benefits for two years or less, and eight per cent had not received main benefits at all. - As at the end of 2014, the gang members had been paid an estimated total of $525 million in welfare assistance - The total cost of all main benefits paid to the gang members between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2014 was estimated to be $382m. - Over the same period, an estimated $143m was paid to the gang members in supplementary benefits (e.g. Accommodation Supplement) and ad-hoc payments (e.g. hardship assistance). - In total, an estimated $525m in welfare assistance was paid to the gang members, an average of around $132,000 per person. - Over 7,000 dependent children were included at some point in time in benefit spells with the gang member cohort - Over half (59 per cent) of all gang members had benefit spells that included a total of 7,075 dependent children. These children spent an average of 2.8 years included in benefit - most commonly in either sole parent-related or job seeker-related benefits. - A total of 1,393 children spent more than five years included in benefit with a gang member, including 319 who spent more than 10 years included in benefit. - Nearly 40 per cent of the children of gang members were first included in benefit before their first birthday. - One per cent (32) of the 3,055 gang members who have received a main benefit in the last five years have been prosecuted for welfare fraud. Gang members as the perpetrators of abuse or neglect of children - Over a quarter of adult gang members were recorded by Child, Youth and Family as the alleged perpetrators of abuse or neglect of children - Of the total 3,960 known gang members, 27 per cent (1,056) were recorded by Child, Youth and Family as being the alleged perpetrators of substantiated abuse or neglect of children (noting limitations around the completeness of historical data). - Most commonly this was emotional abuse of children, recorded for 21 per cent of all gang members. Six per cent of gang members were recorded as being the alleged perpetrators of physical abuse of children, and two per cent for the sexual abuse of children. Seven per cent of gang members were recorded as having allegedly neglected children. - The 1,056 gang members were recorded as the alleged perpetrators in a total of 4,944 substantiated findings involving 2,953 distinct children. The relationship of the gang member to the victim in these 4,944 findings was recorded as the parent in 77 per cent of cases, and as the step-parent or mother's partner in 15 per cent of cases. In three per cent of findings, the gang member was recorded as some other relative to the victim, and in two per cent of cases had a non-familial type of relationship to the victim. Gang members' children known to Child, Youth and Family - Analysis was carried out on whether gang members' children had ever had contact with the Care and Protection or Youth Justice service arms of Child, Youth and Family. - Sixty per cent of the 5,890 children of gang members known to Child, Youth and Family have been abused or neglected. - A total of 3,516 children of gang members were recorded as being the victims of abuse or neglect that had been substantiated on investigation by Child, Youth and Family. This is 60 per cent of the total 5,890 known children of gang members. - Of the total 5,890 known children of gang members, 44 per cent were emotionally abused, 28 per cent were neglected, 13 per cent were physically abused and four per cent were sexually abused in terms of substantiated findings. - The alleged perpetrator of abuse or neglect of gang member's children was more often recorded as the child's mother than the gang member father. However, caution should be taken with this finding as the relationship was not recorded for 20 per cent of cases. - Nearly a quarter of the children of gang members aged 10 years or older had youth justice involvement with Child, Youth and Family. - Of the total 5,890 known children of gang members, 3,372 were aged 10 years or older at the time of this analysis. Of these 3,372 children, 23 per cent (762) had at least one referral to Child, Youth and Family for a Youth Justice Family Group Conference (FGC). Estimated costs to Child, Youth and Family associated with gang members - The estimated lifetime-to-date total cost to Child, Youth and Family from the adult gang members and their children was at least $189 million. - We estimate the direct and indirect costs of the 3,960 known gang members lifetime-to-date contact with the Child, Youth and Family service arms was in the vicinity of $58m. This is likely to be an under-estimate due to data limitations. Estimated costs cover both the care and protection and youth justice areas. - We estimate that the direct and indirect costs to Child, Youth and Family of the 5,890 known children of gang members was in the vicinity of $131m, making an overall estimated total of $189m. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, 2016. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 10, 2016 at: http://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/research/research-on-gangs-and-their-cost/ Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 138168 |
Author: Gilbert, Jarrod Title: The Rise and Development of Gangs in New Zealand Summary: Although gang behaviour was in evidence in early colonial New Zealand, the advent of modern gangs can be seen to have occurred in the post World War II period. Since this time, gangs have been heralded as a significant and often severe social problem, particularly as they pertain to issues of law and order. Initially, concerns regarding gangs were focused on their anti social activities and the occasional violent episode, but as many of the gangs became more established this focus broadened to include organised criminal activity. Whether it is images and stories of violent brawls, murders and rapes or, as has been more prominent in recent times, reports of profit driven crime, gang activity receives considerable media attention and thus gangs are afforded a high public profile. Given this profile, it is not surprising that gangs have been an important target for politicians and governments who have introduced various laws in an effort to counter them. Despite the attention paid to them, however, gangs have not been subjected to significant research in this country. Using a wide range of historical documents, ethnographic research and formal interviews, this thesis seeks to examine the rise of gangs in New Zealand and track their evolutionary development. It also focuses on how the community has responded to the issue of gangs, and how, in turn, the gangs have responded to that attention. The findings of this thesis will undoubtedly be surprising to many; despite gangs having a high profile, commonly held 'knowledge' of them has most often been learned by sensational media or political rhetoric and is consequently often removed from reality. Informed by many of the understandings gained from the plethora of international research, this thesis attempts to outline and give meaning to a hitherto untold story. Details: Canterbury, NZ: University of Canterbury, 2010. 717p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed March 30, 2016 at: http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10092/9400/gilbert_thesis.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Biker Gangs Shelf Number: 138486 |
Author: Gilbert, Jarrod Title: Youth Desistance in Aotearoa New Zealand: What We Can Learn from Higher Risk Former Offenders Summary: This report is based on a study of 51 people who were imprisoned at a young age and who were assessed as having a medium to high risk of re-offending, but who nonetheless desisted from crime. The research was commissioned to understand how and why this desistance occurred. Despite uniformity of the qualifying factors, there were significant differences between many participants within the research cohort. At each end of this spectrum of difference we identified high- and low-end outliers, and these became important lenses through which to view different desistance processes and challenges. - Prison was reported to be a deterrent from crime by 81 percent of the cohort. - Sentence length was not related to deterrence: there were no meaningful differences between longer and shorter sentences. - Deterrence was influenced by both fear of returning to prison and the boredom associated with imprisonment. Executive summary - There was a sense among most participants that they did not 'fit in' with other prisoners. Nonetheless, many reported in hindsight that the prison experience had some positive effects. - Those who had spent time in both youth and adult units reported that youth units were harder, more frightening and more dangerous places than adult facilities, and that they felt less safe within them. - In order of likelihood, the decision to desist was made in prison, before prison, and after prison. The decision to desist was most often a conscious and quick one, made at the point of arrest, conviction or imprisonment. For a minority of subjects the decision formed over a longer timeframe and tended not to be overt or conscious. Both types of desistance decision ended in a 'switch' in thinking, meaning a desire to not commit crime in the future. - One strong deterrent element of imprisonment among some participants was the shame they felt about the embarrassment caused to other family members. Details: Canterbury, NZ: Independent Research Solutions, 2014. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 30, 2016 at: http://www.jarrodgilbert.com/uploads/1/1/6/3/11633778/desistance_report_final.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Desistance Shelf Number: 138493 |
Author: Bevan, Marianne Title: Women's Experiences of Re-offending and Rehabilitation Summary: This research was focused on the narratives of a group of women in New Zealand who had served sentences managed by the Department of Corrections, had received some form of rehabilitation, but nevertheless had re-offended. It sought to understand what women thought were important factors driving their re-offending, and how approaches to rehabilitative assistance could be improved to support desistance from crime. The study involved interviews with 54 women who were currently serving a prison sentence, had served at least one prior custodial or community sentence in the past six years, and had previously attended a rehabilitation programme. Details: Wellington, New Zealand Department of Corrections, 2015. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 2, 2016 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/830826/Women_s_Experiences_of_Re-offending_and_Rehabilitation_Final.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Female Offenders Shelf Number: 138531 |
Author: Vaithianathan, Rhema Title: Impact of the Family Start Home Visiting Programme on Outcomes for Mothers and Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study Summary: Family Start workers make regular home visits and, using a structured program, seek to improve parenting capability and practice. Workers also actively work to promote breastfeeding, reduce home hazards, connect infants to immunisation and primary health services, promote children's participation in early childhood education, and connect families to services that could help address family violence, substance abuse, mental health and other challenges they face. The programme is delivered by contracted providers with the aim of ensuring services are provided in a manner that is responsive to each community. Providers include iwi, Pacific, faith-based and other Non-Government Organisations. Families are referred to Family Start by a range of individuals and agencies including midwives, Well Child/Tamariki Ora nurses, Child Youth and Family (CYF) and Police. Families can also self-refer. Children are generally enrolled either before birth or in their first year, and can remain in the programme until the family "graduates" or the child reaches school age. Family Start workers deliver services at varying levels of intensity depending on the family's needs, and visits are weekly or fortnightly. A central programme component is delivery of a child development and parent education curriculum. A number of studies and reviews of Family Start have been conducted over the years. These have tended to find that families selected to be interviewed value the programme. But they have also highlighted variation in practice and performance across providers. None of these previous studies has been able to establish the effectiveness of Family Start in improving outcomes. This new study was commissioned to fill that gap. The results indicate that the enhanced Family Start programme that was phased in to new areas between 2005 and 2007 was associated with statistically significant positive impacts in a number of domains. Positive impacts are found for Family Start children overall, and for Maori and Pacific children who participated in the programme. Details: Auckland: Ministry of Social Development, 2016. 99p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 12, 2016 at: https://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/evaluation/family-start-outcomes-study/index.html Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 138640 |
Author: Gordon, Liz Title: Causes of and solutions to inter-generational crime: the final report of the study of the children of prisoners Summary: This report summarises and analyses the results of two years of research into prisoners and their families. The aim of this report is to outline our findings and also to put the research into current context. There continues to be unprecedented interest in our first year report, which has sparked many debates and has contributed to policy development in a number of ways. Particular issues that have led on from, or have been informed by, our work include: 1. Communications options to increase contact between prisoners and their families and reduce costs; 2. Policies and practices around visiting, especially in Canterbury; 3. Debates around the causes of intergenerational recidivism; 4. Health factors that lead to and exacerbate sentences of imprisonment; 5. Social work practices to improve outcomes for the children of prisoners; 6. Education factors, especially improving the context of education for children who are in danger of disengaging; and 7. Engagement on a range of policy issues including health-promoting prisons, sentence length, the role of families in prisons, prisoner health and treatment options and welfare reform. Details: Christchurch, NZ: PILLARS, 2011. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 14, 2016 at: http://www.pillars.org.nz/images/stories/2nd-research-report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Children of Prisoners (New Zealand) Shelf Number: 138670 |
Author: Nakhid, Camille Title: African Youth: Experiences with the Police and the New Zealand Justice System Summary: This report details an investigation into the experiences of African youth with the police and the New Zealand justice system. The research study involved a survey design to collect quantitative data on the demographics of the African youth and the frequency and nature of their encounters with the police, as well as the reasons for these encounters. The second stage of the survey was a series of focus group interviews with African youth who had had encounters with the police. There were eight focus groups with African youth including six male focus groups and two female focus groups. There was also a series of interviews carried out with seven African community leaders and social workers working with African youth. The research revealed, among other things, that African youth were subjected to name calling and racist abuse by the police, and that the youth believed that stereotypes held of them by the police saw many of them profiled and targeted in public spaces. The key objectives of the study were to draw attention to these encounters between the African youth and the police and New Zealand justice system in an effort to reduce the frequency and adverse outcomes of these encounters, and to recognize the negative impact of these encounters on African youth, their families and communities. Details: s.l.: Authors, 2016. 63p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 14, 2016 at: http://static1.squarespace.com/static/53335bffe4b08c43634f8f4a/t/56dc0b2e86db438d71d5c067/1457261384279/African+youth+-+Experiences+with+the+police+and+New+Zealand+justice+system+Final+Report+March+2016+Nakhid+et+al.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Juvenile Justice Shelf Number: 138671 |
Author: Justice Acts New Zealand Title: Protecting the Vulnerable: An Independent Review of NZ's laws on trafficking, slavery & exploitation Summary: This is a legal review of all laws touching on the issue of human trafficking, slavery and labour exploitation in New Zealand. It makes recommendations for legislative and policy changes as well as setting out all major, known, cases of human trafficking since 1999. Details: Greenlane, Auckland, NZ: Justice Acts New Zealand, 2014. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 2, 2016 at: http://www.communityresearch.org.nz/research/protecting-the-vulnerable-an-independent-review-of-nzs-laws-on-trafficking-slavery-exploitation/ Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Forced Labor Shelf Number: 138892 |
Author: Hopkins, Ziyad Title: Diverted from Counsel: Filling the Rights Gap in New Zealands Youth Justice Model Summary: This report provides observation and commentary on the following question: What are the merits of increasing access to Youth Advocates, specialised lawyers for young people facing criminal allegations, within the youth justice sector? The release of the Youth Crime Action Plan 2013-2023 (YCAP) marks a period of reflection and focus on New Zealand's youth justice sector and the landmark Children, Young Persons and Their Families Act 1989 (CYPFA). This policy analysis reviews CYPFA, and the implementation of youth justice, from a rights-based perspective. Despite the well-earned positive international reputation of New Zealand's youth justice model, many young New Zealanders miss out on legal advice. Approximately 80 per cent of youth charges are addressed informally, before court proceedings and the appointment of a lawyer. Drawing on interviews and observations from all phases of youth justice - from apprehension through sentencing - the report argues that increasing young people's meaningful access to trained Youth Advocates can ensure their individual rights when faced with state intervention whilst also promoting youth development. Mindful of budgetary restraints, but also with the need to promote equity, the report recommends five specific actions that can align New Zealand's youth justice sector with principles expressed in CYPFA; the UN Convention on the Rights of Children; and positive youth development: - Appoint a Youth Advocate to each child or young person within twenty four hours of arrest - Require the presence of a Youth Advocate for all police interviews with young people - Provide a legal-advice scheme for young people offered alternatives to prosecution as well as independent oversight of the alternative action programme - Invite Youth Advocates to each "intention to charge" family group conference - Update and promulgate practice standards for Youth Advocates For Massachusetts, the New Zealand experience - with the protections of access to legal advice - offers three important opportunities to adapt practice: - In lieu of lawyer-driven courtroom based plea bargaining, use family group conferencing to reach dispositional agreements - Upon the successful completion of a state intervention plan, empower judges to deem that the charges had never been filed - Develop state-wide principles that encourage and govern pre-court resolution of charges Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development and Ministry of Justice, 2015. 112p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 3, 2016 at : http://www.fulbright.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Ziyad-Hopkins-report-abstract.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Group Counseling Shelf Number: 138903 |
Author: JustSpeak Title: Unlocking Prisons: How We Can Improve New Zealand's Prison System Summary: Unlocking Prisons is a comprehensive report on how we can improve New Zealand's prison system. This report looks at why we imprison people; the impact imprisonment has on prisoners, their families and the wider community; and the alternatives and improvements to prisons that will better keep our communities safe and ensure crime is dealt with appropriately. Part 1 Part One of the report looks at why we send offenders to prison and whether sending offenders to prison achieves these legislative purposes. Prison is generally intended to be used as a measure of last resort for dealing with an offender, after all community-based sentences have been exhausted. However, this report suggests that too often people are sent to prison when it will not achieve the purposes of sentencing. JustSpeak recommends that judges more thoroughly assess whether sending the particular offender to prison will actually accomplish the stated sentencing purposes. JustSpeak also recommends an increasing in the use of other sentencing options such as home detention. Compared to imprisonment, other sentencing options have been shown to reduce certain types of re-offending, are significantly cheaper, and, overall, make communities safer. To expand their use, JustSpeak recommends that the threshold for a "short term of imprisonment" be extended to three years and that the Sentencing Council, originally recommended by the Law Commission, be established. Part 2 Part Two sets out the evolution of prisons from the late 1700s to present, with a focus on Anglo-American experiences. In recent decades private prisons have become commonplace, raising important ethical questions about balancing the state's monopoly on the use of force over citizens against the potential fiscal gains to be made in privatising prisons. International research suggests that inmates and staff in private prisons are more likely to experience degrading prison conditions, increased misuse of force, decreased security, and inadequate health, education and work programmes. Part Two goes on to analyse the make-up of our prison population and offers insights into the life of a prisoner, from the procedure of processing a new inmate to visitor rights and the accessibility of hobbies for prisoners. Healthcare in New Zealand prisons is particularly concerning. A 2012 Ombudsman's investigation revealed several issues, such as a failure to record prisoner requests for medical appointments, lengthy waiting times for prisoners seeking medical advice and, more generally, unsatisfactory standards of dental and mental health services. The prison health budget is not ring-fenced, meaning it may be diverted to other costs at any time. Part 3 Part Three looks at the future direction of prisons in New Zealand, while also considering some successful initiatives that are currently in operation within our prison system. Part Three recommends better publicity, support and further rollout of these positive initiatives, which are often restricted to the regions where they began or were piloted. To achieve the goal of reducing re-offending, we need better data on which programmes are working and more universal implementation of those programmes. Details: Wellington, NZ: JustSpeak, 2014. 170p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 26, 2016 at: https://www.hrc.co.nz/files/2714/2550/8324/JustSpeak_2014_-_Unlocking_Prisons.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alternatives to Incarceration Shelf Number: 139226 |
Author: Roguski, Michael Title: Youth Gangs in Counties Manukau Summary: Growing concern about escalating youth gang activity and an increase in violent assaults in Counties Manukau led government and community representatives to call for significant government intervention. As part of a co-ordinated, cross-sectoral response, the Ministry of Social Development's (MSD) Centre for Social Research and Evaluation (CSRE) was asked to research the issue of youth gangs. This report details the research finding which provides an evidence-base for policy development applicable to other regions throughout New Zealand. Aims and methodology The aims of the project were to: - understand the historical, social, economic and demographic features of Counties Manukau - understand the nature of youth gangs in Counties Manukau - assess possible factors contributing to the emergence of youth gangs - ascertain the extent and impact of youth gangs - identify the factors that support or hinder optimal service provision - identify elements and features of intervention models that could be developed in Counties Manukau with a specific focus on Mangere and Otara. This research was based around a multi-method ethnographic approach that included observation, participation, document analysis, data analysis, focus groups, community meetings and interviews. The research process involved extensive engagement with stakeholders from central and local governments, community-based agencies, families or whnau, and youth participants. The fieldwork began in early November 2005 and was completed at the end of March 2006. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, 2008. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 26, 2016 at: http://thehub.superu.govt.nz/publication/wannabes-youth-offenders-youth-gangs-counties-manukau-research-report Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Gang Violence Shelf Number: 139228 |
Author: Nakhid, Camille Title: Pacific families now and in the future: Pasifika youth in South Auckland: family, gangs, community, culture, Summary: Pasifika1 youth make a significant impact on the demographic profile of South Auckland and are a major focus of the many projections regarding population, employment and education in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The place of family and community is regarded as an important influence on the future of Pasifika youth yet how these youth view the place of Pasifika families in the future is not adequately covered in the research literature. As more Pasifika youth are thought to be joining gangs, there are also concerns as to whether the gangs have replaced the family for Pasifika youth and whether the street has become home to these youth. The aim of this study was to interview Pasifika youth from the suburbs of Mangere and Otara - including those who were involved in gangs and those who had never been involved in gangs or had transitioned out of gang life - in an effort to obtain information on: > how Pasifika youth understood family and how they perceived family in relation to the future > the perspectives of young Pasifika people on gangs, community, culture and leadership > why some Pasifika youth did not join gangs; why some Pasifika youth were joining gangs; and the support systems Pasifika youth had, and used, to remain out of gangs > the views and experiences of exiting gang life for Pasifika ex-gang members and the mechanisms that had assisted them to transition out of gang life > whether the family and the home were being replaced by the gang and the street for Pasifika youth involved in gangs. Details: Wellington, NZ: Families Commission, 2009. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 27, 2016 at: http://www.superu.govt.nz/sites/default/files/pasifika-youth.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Delinquency Prevention Shelf Number: 139236 |
Author: New Zealand. Law Commission. Title: Strangulation: The Case for a New Offence Summary: The Commission has been asked to report on a possible new crime of strangulation. This Report discharges that obligation. The Commission has considered: the rationale for establishing such a crime; if a crime of non-fatal strangulation is to be created, what the appropriate elements of the offence should be; what the maximum penalty should be having regard to the structure and terms of other offences in the Crimes Act 1961; and whether there are other legislative or operational options that would better address the concerns the proposed crime is intended to address. This reference forms part of a range of initiatives the Minister of Justice is considering in respect of family violence. The current government has made the scourge of family violence in New Zealand one of its highest priorities. The Police deal with over 100,000 family call-outs per year. Studies have shown that strangulation, often to the point of unconsciousness, is a common form of family violence. It is a dreadful tool for coercion and control within a domestic relationship. It is not well accommodated within the existing offences in the Crimes Act. Summary of recommendations STRANGULATION OFFENCE Part 8 of the Crimes Act 1961 should be amended to make a person who strangles or suffocates another person liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years. In that offence, "strangles or suffocates" should mean impedes normal breathing or circulation of the blood by intentionally applying force on the neck or by other means. NOTING FAMILY VIOLENCE ON THE CRIMINAL RECORD The Crimes Act should be amended to require that, if a person pleads guilty to the strangulation offence or is found guilty of the strangulation offence, and the court is satisfied that the offence was a family violence offence, the court must direct that the offence be recorded on the person's criminal record as a family violence offence. AGGRAVATING FACTOR FOR SENTENCING Section 9 of the Sentencing Act 2002 should be amended to include strangulation as an aggravating factor that must be taken into account in sentencing. OPERATIONAL CHANGES The Police family violence incident report (POL 1310) should be amended to include questions designed to screen for strangulation. The Police National Intelligence Application (NIA) should be amended to record specifically whether or not a family violence incident included an allegation of strangulation. Police who attend family violence call-outs should receive education about the prevalence, signs, symptoms and lethality of strangulation. Similar education should also be offered to judges who undertake criminal law or family law work. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Law Commission, 2016. 84p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 10, 2016 at: http://www.lawcom.govt.nz/sites/default/files/projectAvailableFormats/NZLC-R138.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Violence Shelf Number: 139364 |
Author: Gulliver, Pauline Title: Understanding research on risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence Summary: Key messages - Conceptual models guide the exploration of risk and protective factors. - Conceptual models help us to organise our thoughts and identify relationships between the different risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence, and other forms of violence. - Some conceptual models (such as the ecological model) have helped to expand our understanding of the wider societal and community factors that impact on violence experience. - Consistent findings at the international level have allowed the identification of a common set of factors that are strongly associated with violence experience, but these are not the only factors that influence the likelihood of violence occurring. - There are some challenges involved with measuring some risk or protective factors - Most of the research identifying risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence collect information at only one point in time. The result is that it is difficult to establish whether factors that are related to violence experience caused the violence or are a result of experiencing the violence (or both). - While, the use of controlling behaviours is strongly associated with violence experience, behaviours can mean different things to different people. It is important to understand the context of an abuser's behaviour in order to fully understanding the meaning. - There is no "one true cause" of intimate partner violence. - Violence is typically the outcome of the interaction of many different factors. - Individual, relationship, community, social and cultural factors work together to enhance or reduce the likelihood of violence being perpetrated or experienced. - Violence is a behaviour which is governed by choice. Decisions and subsequent actions are influenced by societal attitudes about what is considered acceptable behaviour. - A comprehensive, multi-pronged approach is required to address intimate partner violence as well as other forms of family violence in New Zealand. - Lessons can be learned from systematic approaches to addressing other problem behaviour patterns. For example, addressing the road toll required: - Investment in infrastructure - Legislation to reduce risk - Social marketing campaigns - Improvements in safety design - Swift and sure punishment where laws were broken - Increased resourcing at high risk periods - Consistent and adequate funding over a sustained period of time - To optimise the likelihood of success a long-term investment in policy, infrastructure and communities is required. This needs to be supported by an overall strategic government framework for addressing IPV. Details: Auckland, NZ: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2016. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 10: Accessed June 11, 2016 at: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/NZFVC-issues-paper-10.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 139397 |
Author: Garber, Melissa L. Title: An analysis of restorative justice and intimate partner violence policy and practice: Professionals' perspectives and perceptions Summary: This qualitative research project endeavoured to open up the conversation around RJ and IPV and highlight gaps in policy in order to give voice to an area in the RJ process that has, up to this point, been virtually silent. There were two overarching aims. The first was to identify the underlying practice assumptions and values evident in the New Zealand Ministry of Justice (MOJ) restorative justice (RJ) standards for family violence (FV) cases (MOJ, 2013). These would be viewed from the perspective of working with intimate partner violence (IPV) cases in particular. The intention was to compare these assumptions and values with RJ and IPV international theory and New Zealand practice. The second aim was to clarify the processes and criteria used to determine/assess IPV offender suitability and readiness for RJ, ascertain the ways in which these practices were theoretically justified, and to compare the implementation of practice to the explicit and implicit guidelines present in New Zealand policy. To these ends, a collection of 30 criminal justice professionals (judges, lawyers, police officers) and restorative justice facilitators involved in the referral and assessment process of IPV offenders participated in interviews in person, over the phone, or via Skype, which were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then subject to analysis in order to create a conceptual framework. The analysis identified 18 main themes that were grouped into four main categories: RJ IPV conceptualization, effective RJ IPV assessor qualities, IPV offender assessment for RJ suitability/readiness, and RJ IPV practice issues. These results were compared with policy and with the international literature in order to identify consistencies and inconsistencies and to discover where gaps in policy may become clarified. Results showed that a great deal of the policy was supported by the international literature, however there were several gaps and inconsistencies. Several issues were of interest - namely the lack of clarity in the framework of RJ for IPV (i.e. where does it sit in relation to the traditional criminal justice system, intervention vs. pathway vs. overarching framework), the timing of RJ assessment in terms of treatment and interventions, siloing of agencies, and funding/resourcing issues. A final question that arose for me during analysis was regarding the purpose and value of assessment in these cases. Rather than making a decision regarding suitability in order to exclude an IPV case from the RJ process, if the process was truly restorative, perhaps the outcome of an assessment of IPV offender/case suitability should, instead, be to determine what resources are necessary in order to support any IPV case through the RJ process. Details: Wellington, NZ: Victoria University of Wellington, 2016. 223p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed June 28, 2016 at: http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/5143/thesis.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Violence Shelf Number: 139521 |
Author: Shearar, Ashley Fritha Title: 'At the heart of the matter': A comparative analysis of youth justice transformation between New Zealand and South Africa Summary: During the mid-1980s, Māori families challenged New Zealand's social welfare system, reclaiming their right to be involved in decisions about their children. Around the same time, parents and community groups protested the detention of hundreds of children in South Africa during the Apartheid era. These experiences helped shape both countries' youth justice systems, which reflect restorative justice principles and international standards for children's rights. The research reported here is the first in-depth comparative analysis to compare New Zealand and South Africa's journeys to alter their youth justice systems. It asks the following key questions: - What were the key conceptual influences that shaped youth justice transformation in New Zealand and South Africa? - What do both countries' experiences of youth justice transformation reveal about the role of individuals, advocacy coalitions, and international influences in shaping policy and practice? Using a phenomenological research approach, key role players from both countries were interviewed. These interviews discovered that social entrepreneurial factors gave direction to policy outcomes. All participants described their commitment to changing the status quo following their exposure to the inhumane conditions experienced by children and young people in conflict with the law. This prompted them to promote policies that diverted children from the justice system and prevented re-offending while still holding children to account for their behaviour and encouraging them to repair the harm. The participants explained their motivation to find policy solutions that empowered children, families, and victims. In both countries, social entrepreneurs resisted opposition and joined forces to develop convincing arguments for their position. This research confirmed the advantages of government support to advance social entrepreneurial ventures. Policy transfer was also found to play a role in the change processes in both countries. This study identifies how both New Zealand and South Africa have lent their policies internationally to contribute to practical youth justice changes in countries seeking to adhere to international standards and to incorporate restorative justice principles. Significant contributions include New Zealand's family group conference, which has inspired several jurisdictions, as well as South Africas diversion programmes, which have particularly benefitted other African countries. Details: Wellington, NZ: Victoria University of Wellington, 2013. 255p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 18, 2016 at: http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/2872 Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Juvenile Justice Reform Shelf Number: 139652 |
Author: Clark, T.C. Title: Sexual and reproductive health and sexual violence among New Zealand secondary school students. Findings from the Youth'12 national youth health and wellbeing survey Summary: This report presents findings from Youth'12, the third national health and well-being survey of secondary school students in New Zealand. This is New Zealand's largest and most comprehensive survey of the health and well-being of New Zealand's young people in secondary schools. Included in the survey are a range of factors that impact on the healthy development of young people, including family/whanau, community, education and social environments. This report focuses on reporting the sexual violence experiences and the sexual and reproductive health of students in secondary schools. The information in this report was provided by a representative sample of 8,500 students from secondary schools throughout New Zealand in 2012. There are three parts to this report: (1) Experience of unwanted sexual contact, (2) Sexual and reproductive health and (3) Ethnic specific information for Maori and Pacific students. Also reported are selected time trends from the 2001, 2007 and 2012 surveys. Details: Auckland, NZ: University of Auckland, Adolescent Health Research Group, 2016. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: Youth2000Survey Series: Accessed September 7, 2016 at: https://www.fmhs.auckland.ac.nz/assets/fmhs/faculty/ahrg/docs/Sexual%20Health%20Report%20Final%209%206%2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Adolescent Health Shelf Number: 147892 |
Author: Somasekhar, Sripriya Title: Summary: Migration is a complex process undertaken for a wide range of reasons. To leave the country of ones birth to settle in another is likely to involve disruption to existing family and community relationships, reassessing ones culture of origin, reassessing ones identity and "fitting in" with a host culture. For many migrants, relative poverty, isolation, racism and prejudice are additional challenges and often, obtaining permanent resident status is far from straight forward. For these sorts of reasons, immigrant women who experience domestic violence face particular challenges over and above those faced by women from the dominant host culture. Although there is a field of international literature which identifies immigrant-specific factors that trigger or maintain domestic violence, there is little such research in New Zealand and none which specifically focuses on Indian women immigrants. This research is positioned within a view of domestic violence in India being a socio-cultural issue cutting across all castes, social classes and religions. The research increases awareness of cultural perspectives that foster violence and abuse, and investigates how the process of migration affects Indian women's attempts to navigate their safety in the context of New Zealand. In particular, it reveals the barriers that Indian immigrant woman experiencing domestic violence face in seeking help, paying particular attention to the socio- cultural aspects of the Indian Diaspora in New Zealand. There were two phases to the data collection- semi- structured face-to-face interviews with key informants in India and New Zealand and case studies of Indian migrant women who experience domestic violence. The key findings suggest that patriarchal attitudes and a sense of male entitlement are pivotal in perpetuating and tolerating domestic violence. In-laws are heavily implicated in the abuse (emotional, physical and financial) of women. This includes continued dowry demands after the wedding. Women reported isolation as an integral aspect of power and control exercised by their spouse in a host country. This and the shame they might bring upon their family and community were key reasons for not seeking help. Uncertain immigration status of women hindered reporting domestic violence. Although some community members were helpful, too often the Indian migrant community colluded with the abuser and/or were tolerant of domestic violence. Indian migrant women were sometimes out-manoeuvred by their partners in the family court by using 'orders preventing removal' of children. Even after women left the abusive relationship, they were emotionally abused by the partner using their children. Culturally safe practices are paramount to ensure women are not further victimized when they approach services. Details: Hamilton, New Zealand: University of Waikato, 2016. 316p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed September 26, 2016 at: http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/10592 Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Abused Wives Shelf Number: 140457 |
Author: Indig, Devon Title: Comorbid substance use disorders and mental health disorders among New Zealand prisoners Summary: Introduction Mental health and substance use disorders are known to be substantially higher among prisoners than in the general population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and co-occurrence of mental health and substance use disorders among New Zealand prisoners. Methods This study used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4+ (PDQ-4) to assess the prevalence of mental health and substance use disorders. The study sample included 1209 New Zealand prisoners across 13 prisons. This report presents the prevalence for the 12-month and lifetime diagnosis of mental health and substance use disorders including breakdowns by gender, age and ethnicity. Comparisons have been provided where possible for the general population using the 2006 New Zealand Mental Health Survey (unless noted otherwise) or the 1999 New Zealand Prisoner Mental Health Study. Results Mental disorders Nearly all (91%) prisoners had a lifetime diagnosis of a mental health or substance use disorder and 62% had this diagnosis in the past 12-months. Female prisoners were significantly more likely to have a 12-month diagnosis of any mental disorder than male prisoners (75% compared to 61%). General population comparison: Prisoners were three times more likely than the general population to have a 12-month diagnosis of any mental disorder (62% compared to 21%). Anxiety disorders Just over one in five (23%) prisoners had an anxiety disorder diagnosis in the past 12-months, while 30% had a lifetime anxiety diagnosis. Female prisoners had a significantly higher prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder compared to males for both 12-month and lifetime diagnoses, with over half (52%) of women having a lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis. General population comparison: A lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis was four times higher among prisoners (24%) than in the general population (6%). Prison population comparison: The lifetime prevalence of generalised anxiety disorder was just over 1% in the 1999 prisoner mental health study which had increased to nearly 9% in 2015, while the lifetime prevalence of panic disorder had also increased from nearly 2% in 1999 to nearly 6% in 2015. Mood disorders Nearly a third (32%) of prisoners had a lifetime diagnosis of any mood disorder, while 24% had a 12- month mood disorder diagnosis. When compared to other ethnic groups, Māori prisoners had the lowest prevalence of lifetime diagnosis of major depressive disorder (17%). General population comparison: The 12-month prevalence of any mood disorder was three times higher for prisoners (24%) than in the general population (8%). Prison population comparison: When compared to the 1999 prisoner mental health study, the lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder decreased slightly (from 23% to 21%), the lifetime prevalence of bipolar increased from 2% to 11%, and dysthymia increased from 1% to 5%. Substance use disorders A substantial majority of prisoners (87%) had a lifetime diagnosis of a substance use disorder, and just under half (47%) had a 12-month diagnosis of a substance use disorder. Marijuana was the most prevalent drug of abuse with 24% of prisoners having a lifetime diagnosis, while stimulants were the most common drug of dependence with 23% having a lifetime diagnosis. General population comparison: Prisoners were seven times more likely to have a lifetime prevalence of any substance use disorder compared to the general population. Prison population comparison: The prevalence of stimulant abuse and dependence (combined) had increased nearly 10-fold since the 1999 prisoner mental health study, from 4% reported in the 1999 study to 38% (15% for abuse and 23% for dependence) in 2015. Eating disorders The lifetime prevalence of eating disorders among prisoners was 5%, while 3% were found to have a 12-month diagnosis. The prevalence of eating disorders was twice as high among female prisoners as among male prisoners, for both 12-month (7% compared to 3%) and lifetime (10% compared to 5%) diagnoses. General population comparison: Prisoners were seven times more likely to have a 12-month eating disorder diagnosis than the general population (3% compared to 0.5%). Prison population comparison: The lifetime prevalence of eating disorders increased five-fold (from 1% to 5%) from the 1999 prisoner mental health study to the 2015 study. Comorbidity One in five (20%) of prisoners were found to have a 12-month diagnosis of a comorbid mental health and substance use disorder, while 42% were found to have a lifetime comorbidity diagnosis. Comorbidity was higher among women than men, for both 12-month and lifetime diagnoses. There was little variation by ethnicity for the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of comorbidity, with the highest rates found among prisoners of European descent. Prisoners with a lifetime diagnosis of a substance use disorder had almost half (48% compared to 93%) the prevalence of comorbidity compared to people with a lifetime anxiety disorder. Multiple disorders Two-thirds (66%) of prisoners were found to have two or more lifetime diagnoses of a mental or substance use disorder, while 31% were found to have two or more 12-month diagnoses. A higher proportion of female prisoners (72%) compared to male prisoners (65%) had a lifetime diagnosis of two or more mental health and substance use disorders. A high proportion of prisoners diagnosed with a lifetime anxiety (84%) or mood (81%) disorder were found to have a lifetime diagnosis of three or more disorders, compared to 40% of prisoners with a substance use disorder. General population comparison: Prisoners were nearly four times more likely to have two or more 12- month diagnoses of mental health and substance use disorders than the general population (30% compared to 8%). Personality disorders One in three (33%) prisoners was found to have a clinically significant personality disorder, with a slightly higher prevalence among men than women. The most common personality disorders detected were paranoid (15%), antisocial (11%), obsessive compulsive (10%) and borderline (9%). The highest prevalence (46%) of personality disorders were found among prisoners with a lifetime comorbid mood disorder diagnosis. Prison population comparison: The lifetime prevalence of personality disorders was nearly twice as high (60% compared to 33%) among New Zealand prisoners in 1999 compared to the current 2015 study. Psychosis symptoms The lifetime presence of psychosis symptoms (such as seeing visions and hearing voices) was present in 13% of prisoners, and in 7% of prisoners in the past year. Prisoners with a lifetime diagnosis of an anxiety (23%) or mood (20%) disorder had the highest prevalence of ever experiencing symptoms of psychosis compared to 13% overall. Prison population comparison: The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia and related disorders was estimated to be 6% in the 1999 prisoner mental health study, while 12% of prisoners were found to report symptoms of psychosis in 2015. Psychological distress Over one in four (28%) of prisoners experienced psychological distress in the past 30 days. There were significantly higher rates of psychological distress among female (47%) compared to male (27%) prisoners. The prevalence of psychological distress was more than twice as high (60% compared to 28%) for prisoners with a 12-month diagnosis of an anxiety disorder compared to the total. General population comparison: Prisoners were nearly five times more likely (28% compared to 6%) to have experienced psychological distress in the past 30 days compared to the general population from the 2013/14 New Zealand Health Survey. Suicidal behaviours Over one-third (35%) of prisoners had ever thought about suicide, 17% had ever made a suicide plan and 19% of prisoners had ever attempted suicide. Female prisoners had higher rates of suicidal behaviours than men, including ever thinking about suicide (44% compared to 34%) and ever attempting suicide (29% compared to 18%). General population comparison: Prisoners had higher rates of suicidal behaviours than people in the general population, including being twice as likely to have ever thought about suicide (35% compared to 16%) and four times as likely to have ever attempted suicide (19% compared to 5%). Mental health treatment Nearly half (46%) of prisoners diagnosed with a 12-month mental health or substance use disorder had received some form of mental health treatment in the past year. Female prisoners had significantly higher rates of mental health treatment than males for nearly all disorders, including 60% of women with a 12-month diagnosis of any mental disorder obtaining mental health treatment compared to 45% of men. Pacific peoples were substantially less likely to access health services for their mental health than prisoners of European descent (33% compared to 54%). General population comparison: Fewer than half (46%) of prisoners with a 12-month diagnosis of any mental disorder received some form of mental health treatment in the past year, which was slightly higher (39%) than found in the general population. Conclusions In summary, prisoners had high rates of mental health and substance use disorders including high rates of comorbidity which were often undetected and under-treated. The findings of this report provide important evidence to assist with identifying areas for improved detection, early intervention, treatment and rehabilitation and diversion away from the criminal justice system. In particular, the findings suggest that improved integration of mental health and substance use disorder treatment would be an important strategy for improving the health and reducing re-offending among prisoners. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Department of Corrections, 2016. 93p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 8, 2016 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/846362/Comorbid_substance_use_disorders_and_mental_health_disorders_among_NZ_prisoners_June_2016_final.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Drug Offenders Shelf Number: 145371 |
Author: Scott, Christopher Title: Patterns and Concentrations of Risk in Reported Police Pursuit Incidents in New Zealand Summary: Overseas pursuit research has grown since the 1980s and this research has identified crash risk concentrations across a variety of pursuit variables. This type of research has not previously been conducted in New Zealand. The present study explores general descriptive pursuit statistics, and patterns and concentrations of crash risk across New Zealand pursuit variables using nationwide pursuit data. Previous research was used to identify variables that would be useful for further analysis using the New Zealand data. Variables were categorised into an input, output and outcome model, then bivariate analysis was conducted using cross-tabulation and t-tests to identify associations between these variables and pursuit crashes. Further research is required to better understand pursuit benefits. However, it appears that pursuits involving fleeing drivers who are children and young people pose an excessive risk, especially when in stolen vehicles. Current police pursuit tactics, like air support use, might not be meeting crash prevention expectations and this issue needs to be investigated further. A power few analysis was conducted analysing pursuit count per officer and pursuit crash likelihood. Associations were identified between gender and officers who engaged in more pursuits compared to officers who engaged in fewer pursuits. No association was found between pursuit counts per officer and crash likelihoods per pursuit. Consistent officer crash risk might indicate sound administrative oversight overall in New Zealand, but the results nevertheless point towards the need for a revised approach to pursuit policy and practice where some pursuits are restricted or discouraged. Some suggestions are also made for further research. Details: Cambridge, UK: Fitzwilliam Collection, University of Cambridge, 2015. 95p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed October 17, 2016 at: http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/alumni/theses/CHRIS%20SCOTT.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Police Behavior Shelf Number: 140772 |
Author: Butler, Chris Title: Maraenui Shopping Centre: CPTED Assessment Summary: Harrison Grierson have been commissioned by Napier City Council to undertake a Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) assessment of the Maraenui Shopping Centre. The CPTED assessment provides recommendations that aim to improve actual and perceived safety around the shopping centre, and have been developed to help inform a future urban design framework for Maraenui. Napier City Council has commissioned this CPTED assessment as part of its contribution to the Maraenui Urban Renewal Plan. The shopping centre and its surrounds currently exhibit a number of qualities that help cultivate unsafe environments, including: poor lighting; inactive building edges; low levels of definition between public and private space; limited surveillance across the car park; and, the ready supply of alcohol. As a result of these findings detailed CPTED recommendations were developed to provide retailers and the Council with some 'quick wins' - ways shop owners and Napier City Council can make a small yet immediate difference, that can cumulatively improve the quality and safety of the public realm. Secondly, a set of Strategic CPTED recommendations have been included that provide an opportunity to integrate community safety and well being within an overarching urban design framework. Through consultation, and our review of background information pertaining to Maraenui, it became clear that the community is anxious to see progress and to witness Council actively funding improvements of the shopping centre and park. Council funded upgrades of the park and shops have been piece meal over the past few years. This has lead to a feeling of neglect and alienation by some residents. It was apparent during site visits and analysis of the area that there are a number of positive aspects to the Maraenui Shopping Centre. The centre has good bones, in other words all of the elements of a successful local centre are present; the layout of the houses around it enables passive surveillance over the area, public transport and public facilities, playground, skatebowl, etc. Furthermore, there is a strong feeling of community presence in the area and it is evident the community has a vested interest in it; it is immediately noticed by locals if outsiders come into the area, as experienced by Harrison Grierson during site visits. Once you are known, you are warmly welcomed. These and the other elements that make up Maraenui, such as the number of people that walk and cycle rather than drive, are desirable qualities for a strong community. However, in contrast, it is documented that improvements to the area have not been looked after or cared for. Statistics indicate the most prevalent crime type is wilful damage, followed by shoplifting. Traditional CPTED criteria only work when mutual interests already exist. In some neighbourhoods, these mechanisms need incentives before CPTED design criteria can become effective. We believe that significant investment tied to an urban design-led concept plan for the area is required. However, this would be subject to the involvement of local people in the planning of activity space as both a condition of, and a contribution to, this process of community building. The community must be actively involved and willing to take responsibility and ownership of any improvements. Details: Napier, NZ: Napier City Council, 2011. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 17, 2016 at: http://www.napier.govt.nz/assets/Documents/maraenui-cpted-assessment.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: CPTED Shelf Number: 144870 |
Author: Kellie Spee Consultancy Ltd. Title: He Pūrongo Arotake: Hard to Reach Youth (CART) Evaluation Report: Hard to Reach Youth (CART) Summary: e Puni Kōkiri invested in a small number of interventions (up to June 2008) that were designed, developed and delivered by Māori providers and test facilitators of success for Māori in the justice sector. This work has contributed to an initial platform for developing an empirical evidence base about “what works‟for Māori, while agencies develop options for sustainable funding streams. Details: Bay of Plenty, New Zealand : Kellie Spee Consultancy, 2009. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 11, 2016 at: https://www.tpk.govt.nz Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alternatives to Incarceration Shelf Number: 130065 |
Author: Spier, Philip Title: Reoffending patterns for recipients of Youth Court supervision orders: 2015 update Summary: This report describes changes in the reoffending outcomes observed for 1,272 cases (involving 973 distinct young people) that resulted in one of three types of supervision orders in the Youth Court: 'stand-alone' Supervision (SUP), Supervision with Activity (SwA) or Supervision with Residence (SwR). The supervision-type orders examined were imposed between 1 October 2010 and 31 March 2013 – this being the first 30 months under the Fresh Start reforms. Reoffending was examined for the 12 month period after the orders were served. Caution must be taken in interpreting reoffending outcomes as they are not always a measure of the effectiveness of an intervention alone. For example, some people may reoffend less often simply due to the fact that they were caught by the Police and made to account for their actions, regardless of the particular intervention applied. Measuring the impact on reoffending of an intervention would require a robust statistical approach such as a matched comparison analysis. This was not in scope for this analysis. Key findings Offending patterns across all three orders There was an overall reduction in both the frequency and seriousness of offending in the 12 months following all three types of supervision orders compared to the 12 months prior to the orders. These reductions were proportionally larger for SUP and SwA orders than for SwR orders. However, the young people receiving SwR orders had more extensive offending histories than was the case for the other two types of orders. Theft-related and burglary offences were the most common offences committed by young people in the 12 months before and after all three orders. These offence types also showed the greatest numerical decreases in the 12 months after the orders. Violent offending halved in the follow-up period for all three types of supervision orders. Of the young people with SUP orders, 22% did not reoffend within 12 months. The figures for SwA and SwR were 21% and 13% respectively. Seven to eight out of 10 of the young people reduced the frequency or seriousness of their offending in the 12 months after all three types of orders. The figures were lowest for SwR orders. European young people had slightly better offending-related outcomes in the 12 months after SUP orders than Māori young people. However, the reverse was the case after SwR orders, with Māori young people generally having slightly more positive outcomes than European young people. The relationship between ethnicity and outcomes was less clear after SwA orders. SwA orders had a higher rate of post-order custodial sentences (35%) than the two other types of orders (25% for SUP and 30% for SwR). The higher figure for SwA appears to be due to a greater likelihood of having a subsequent SwR order imposed – often as a result of breaching the SwA order. SUP orders had the highest proportion (62%) of people who did not receive any further supervision-type orders or prison sentences in the 12 months after the order. This proportion was higher than SwA orders (56%) and SwR orders (59%). Shorter versus longer orders The Fresh Start reforms doubled the maximum length of SwA and SwR orders from three to six months. In the first 30 months under Fresh Start: 75% of SwA orders were imposed for longer than three months 67% of SwR orders were imposed for longer than three months. Young people who received shorter SwA orders (of three months or less) were more likely to reoffend in the 12 months after the order compared with recipients of longer orders in excess of three months (90% and 76% respectively). Despite this difference, the proportions of young people who reduced the frequency or seriousness of offending did not differ much with the length of the SwA order. The findings in the point above suggest that young people with longer SwA orders were more likely to stop offending over the next 12 months than was the case for those with shorter SwA orders – who more often reduced their level of offending, but did not stop completely. Forty percent of the young people with shorter SwA orders received a custodial sentence within 12 months, with the figure being lower at 34% for longer orders. There was no difference between shorter (exactly three months) and longer SwR orders in the likelihood of not reoffending or reducing the frequency of offending. Those with longer SwR orders (80%) were more likely to reduce the seriousness of their offending than those with shorter orders (72%). There was a small difference in the proportion of young people who received a custodial sentence within 12 months of release for shorter and longer SwR orders (29% and 31% respectively). Further research There is interest in the extent to which doubling the maximum length of SwA and SwR orders under Fresh Start has led to improved outcomes for recipients of these orders. We observed, for example, that a much lower proportion of those with longer SwA orders reoffended compared to those with shorter SwA orders. However, such a comparison needs to account for any differences in the types of young people getting different length orders. This analysis could usefully be undertaken in the future. There is also interest in the relative effectiveness of the three types of supervision orders, and in particular whether there are any subgroups of young people for who particular interventions appear more effective than others. Some of the supervision-type order recipients spent time out of the community on custodial remand or subject to custodial orders which may have had some effect on their rates of offending. The feasibility of calculating an adjusted reoffending rate that reflects actual time spent in the community could usefully be investigated in the future Details: Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Social Development, 2016. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 15, 2016 at: http://apo.org.au/resource/reoffending-patterns-recipients-youth-court-supervision-orders-2015-update Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Juvenile Justice System Shelf Number: 141156 |
Author: Spier, Philip Title: Reoffending patterns of Military-style Activity Camp graduates: 2015 update Summary: This report describes changes in the offending outcomes observed for 79 young people who between October 2010 and December 2013 graduated from 11 Military-style Activity Camps (MACs) held at Te Puna Wai ō Tuhinapo youth justice residence in Christchurch. All of these young people had a post-MAC follow-up period of at least 12 months so their follow-up offending could be observed. Caution must be taken in interpreting reoffending outcomes as they are not always a measure of the effectiveness of an intervention alone. For example, some people may reoffend less often simply due to the fact that they were caught by the Police and made to account for their actions, regardless of the particular intervention applied. Offending outcomes observed for the MAC graduates included: • Eleven (14%) of the 79 young people did not reoffend (ie they did not come to the attention of Police with a new offence) in the 12 months after exiting the residence. • Sixty (76%) of the 79 young people offended less often, and 62 (78%) reduced the seriousness of their offending in the 12 months after the MACs compared with the 12 months before. • Theft and burglary were the most common offences committed by the young people. Overall, in the 12 months after the MACs, these offences reduced by 43% and 57% respectively compared to the 12 months prior. • Violent offending by the 79 young people reduced by 54% in the 12 months after the MACs compared with the 12 months before. • While the majority of young people reduced the frequency and seriousness of their offending, around one-fifth of MAC graduates increased the frequency and/or seriousness of their offending after the MACs. • Twenty-four (30%) of the 79 young people were imprisoned or received a new Supervision with Residence (SwR) order in the 12 months after completing a MAC. This rate was higher for Europeans than Māori, although due to small numbers, this result needs to be treated with caution. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Social Development, 2016. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 15, 2016 at: http://apo.org.au/resource/reoffending-patterns-military-style-activity-camp-graduates Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Boot Camps Shelf Number: 141157 |
Author: Spier, Philip Title: Reoffending patterns for participants of youth justice Family Group Conferences held in 2011 and 2012 Summary: The Family Group Conference (FGC) process seeks to hold children and young people accountable for their offending, while also encouraging them to change their behaviour and not reoffend. FGCs are the cornerstone of the youth justice system in New Zealand. However, there is a lack of evidence in New Zealand as to whether youth justice FGCs are effective at reducing or stopping reoffending. This report describes the profile and patterns of reoffending observed for nearly 6,800 participants of youth justice FGCs held in the 2011 and 2012 calendar years. Two FGC cohorts were examined: 3,936 intention-to-charge (ITC) FGCs 2,828 court-ordered FGCs. Caution must be taken in interpreting reoffending outcomes as they are not always a measure of the effectiveness of an intervention alone. For example, a person may reoffend less often simply due to the fact that they were caught by the Police and made to account for their actions, regardless of the particular intervention applied. Measuring the relative effectiveness of the FGC cohorts would require a robust statistical approach such as a matched comparison analysis. This was not in scope for this analysis. Key findings Profile of youth justice FGC participants in 2011 and 2012 Around eight out of every 10 attendees of FGCs were male, with the figure being slightly lower for ITC FGCs than court-ordered FGCs. Just over half of FGC participants were identified as Māori and around one-third were European. Around 70% of all youth justice FGC participants are 15- or 16-years-old when the FGCs were held, with the average age being just under 16 years. While they were aged 16 years or younger when they offended, around one in every 10 of the FGC participants were aged 17 years or older at the time the FGC was held. An escalation in offending prior to the FGCs was curtailed for both cohorts For both cohorts, an escalation in the frequency and seriousness of offending by young people prior to the FGCs was followed by a reduction in both measures after the FGCs. The vast majority of the decrease in the number of offences after both of the FGC cohorts was due to large drops in the three most common offence divisions: theft-related, burglary and property damage. Participants of ITC FGCs generally had more positive reoffending outcomes than those with court-ordered FGCs, though this could be expected Research has shown that prior offending is generally a good predictor of future offending. For example, it could be expected that those with less extensive offending histories would be less likely to reoffend than those with extensive offending histories. This analysis showed that prior to the FGCs, participants of ITC FGCs had committed fewer offences and also less serious offences, on average than participants of court-ordered FGCs. It could therefore be expected that reoffending outcomes for ITC FGCs would be more positive than those seen for court-ordered FGCs. Thirty percent of participants of court-ordered FGCs did not reoffend, whereas the figure was higher at 36% for ITC FGCs. The proportion of young people who reduced the frequency and/or seriousness of their offending was similar for both FGC cohorts at around 70%. In contrast, a little over 20% of participants of both FGC cohorts increased the frequency and/or seriousness of their offending after the FGCs. Participants of court ordered FGCs (12%) were much more likely to receive a custodial sentence in the 12 months after the FGCs compared with ITC FGC participants (4%). Overall outcomes 24 months after the FGCs held in 2011 The 24-month reoffending outcomes for the participants of FGCs held in 2011 were examined in brief. Comparable figures were not yet available for FGCs held in 2012. The proportion of court-ordered FGC participants who did not reoffend within 24 months of the FGCs being held in 2011 was 18%, while the figure for ITC FGCs was higher at 23%. Comparing the 24-month period after the FGCs held in 2011 to the same period prior, at least six out of every 10 young people reduced the frequency and/or seriousness of their offending for both FGC cohorts. A much higher proportion of young people received a custodial sentence in the following 24 months for court-ordered FGCs (19%) than ITC FGCs (8%) Details: Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Social Development, 2016. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 15, 2016 at: http://apo.org.au/resource/reoffending-patterns-participants-youth-justice-family-group-conferences-held-2011-and-2012 Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Group Conferencing Shelf Number: 141158 |
Author: Jordan, Jan Title: Skills for Safety: An evaluation of the value, impact and outcomes of girls' and women's self defence in the community Summary: This report presents findings from the 'Skills for Safety' project, an outcome evaluation of girls' and women's self defence courses run by the Women’s Self Defence Network – Wāhine Toa (WSDN-WT). WSDN-WT is a nationwide network of specialist trained accredited women teachers of self defence that has been in operation for 28 years. WSDN-WT has always been committed to evaluating the quality of their programmes and their ability to achieve their goals, with post course evaluation an integral part of the delivery of their courses. However, in the current climate of results based accountability, to ensure sustainable funding they recognised the importance of rigorous evaluation carried out by independent researchers. The 'Skills for Safety' research project has been completed by two independent researchers, Associate Professor Jan Jordan (Institute of Criminology, Victoria University of Wellington) and Dr Elaine Mossman (Adjunct Research Fellow, Victoria University of Wellington) and was made possible with funding provided by the Ministry of Social Development (MSD). Evaluation objectives Violence against girls/women is a major New Zealand problem with serious, sometimes fatal, consequences. The overwhelming health, social and economic impacts of violence against women have prompted a recent emphasis on identifying effective prevention strategies. Internationally there is now a sizeable body of evidence pointing to the value of self defence as such a strategy, including randomised control trials demonstrating reduced sexual victimisation following participation. This research aims to develop a better understanding of the unique role and impact of a New Zealand girls' and women's self defence programme in responding to this problem. The overarching objective of this evaluation is to understand and document the value and impact of self defence to the girls and women who participate in WSDN-WT self defence courses and to the communities they live in. More specifically, the research asks to what extent self defence courses can assist participants to: recognise sexual and family violence and abuse; understand that it is not okay (and not their fault); learn clear strategies for recognising, resisting and responding to specific violent/abusive events, disclosing abuse and seeking help, supporting other people who are victims of violence and abuse; and feel empowered and have their self-esteem enhanced. A further aim of the project was to investigate the extent to which short term/intermediary outcomes, if achieved, can reduce vulnerabilities to child abuse, sexual and family violence and re-victimisation, and stranger danger. Methodological approach An evaluation framework was developed by the independent researchers in collaboration with the WSDN-WT research team. A mixed method research design was agreed upon to assess the value of self defence for the two key target groups of WSDN-WT: (1) school age girls; and (2) women in the community Quantitative data were collected from a substantial sample of girls (n=2731) and women (n=115) who participated in a self defence course run in the first half of 2015, using pre and post course evaluation forms. These forms assessed the outcomes and experiences of the participants and included a mix of validated (e.g. Rosenberg Self-esteem) and programme specific questions (closed and open-ended). These quantitative data were combined with qualitative data collected from a series of interviews. Four separate groups were interviewed: key informants/stakeholders for the Girls' Self Defence Project courses (n=14); key informants/stakeholders for the Isolation to Empowerment women’s courses (n=15); women’s course participants (n=15); and WSDN-WT self defence teachers and chairperson (n=7). Interviews were conducted in four case study areas selected to include a mix of rural/urban locations, and communities with different ethnic makeup (two South Island and two North Island). Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Ministry of Social Development, 192p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 16, 2016 at: http://wsdn.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Skills-for-safety-Evaluation-Report-18-March-2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Personal Safety Shelf Number: 141180 |
Author: Lambie, Ian Title: Youth Justice Secure Residences: a report on the international evidence to guide best practice and service delivery Summary: This report was commissioned by the Ministry as part of ongoing work to improve the quality of services for young offenders in Child, Youth and Family’s youth justice secure residences. The report reviews the international evidence about best practice in the delivery of secure residential care for young offenders. It summarises the key understandings and conclusions from the literature about what appears to work best for these young people. The report was prepared by Associate Professor Ian Lambie and other researchers from the University of Auckland. This report will be of interest to practitioners and policy makers. In particular the report: provides an overview of New Zealand’s youth justice secure residences and the young people in their custody. looks at secure residential care for young offenders in other selected countries. reviews the evidence about models of care, assessment, rehabilitative programmes, cultural programmes, education services, crisis management, workforce, physical environment, and transitions from care for young offenders in youth justice secure residences. looks at community-based 'step-down' services post residence. rates interventions based on the evidence about their effectiveness. summarises what appears to work best for this client population. This report is one of two such literature reviews. The second report looks at best practice in the delivery of secure residential care for children and young people with care and protection needs. Two separate reviews were prepared because of differences between the client populations, why they enter secure residential care, and the evidence base about what works. However, given the similar backgrounds and needs of both populations, there is cross-over in the content presented. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, 2016. 194p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 16, 2016 at: https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/research/youth-justice/youth-justice-report-secure-residences-11-fa.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Juvenile Detention Shelf Number: 141181 |
Author: Spier, Philip Title: Offending by Children in New Zealand Summary: Children who offend are a group who are under-researched in New Zealand. This research report aims to fill some key information gaps around the profile of child offenders in New Zealand and their patterns of offending and reoffending. The findings from this research will inform future work under the cross-agency Youth Crime Action Plan in response to Government commitments made in September 2012 following the Social Services Select Committee's Inquiry into the identification, rehabilitation, and care and protection of child offenders. Offending trajectories were examined for the 1995 to 1999 birth cohorts to the end of 2013, and child offenders aged 10 to 13 years in the period 2009 to 2013 were examined in some depth. Children who offend are a group who are under-researched in New Zealand. This research report aims to fill some key information gaps around the profile of child offenders in New Zealand and their patterns of offending and reoffending. The findings from this research will inform future work under the cross-agency Youth Crime Action Plan in response to Government commitments made in September 2012 following the Social Services Select Committee’s Inquiry into the identification, rehabilitation, and care and protection of child offenders. Offending trajectories were examined for the 1995 to 1999 birth cohorts to the end of 2013, and child offenders aged 10 to 13 years in the period 2009 to 2013 were examined in some depth. Key findings An estimated one in twenty New Zealand children offend before age 14 The number of child offenders has dropped considerably Despite offending less, Māori children remain significantly over-represented Large drop in shoplifting, and violent offending down Fewer children are becoming offenders Early identification of persistent offenders is critical to reduce crime Police responses reflect changing patterns of offending A little over half of all child offenders reoffend within two years Conclusions Offending by children has dropped in the last five years for both genders, across all ethnic groups and ages, across almost all offence types, and in all regions. A falling youth crime rate is not unique to New Zealand, and the reasons for the fall are unclear and therefore subject to debate. It is likely due to the confluence of a number of factors such as: changes in police practice; better public and private security measures; more effective youth justice interventions; goods often subject to theft or burglary historically continuing to become affordable to more people; and a proliferation of smart phones and video gaming devices among youth which may prevent some opportunistic crimes through boredom. The factors behind the fall in crime may also differ for different types of crime. Much of the drop in offending by children in New Zealand has been because of a drop in first-time child offenders. This is a very positive finding. It is encouraging that there was at least a third fewer child offenders from all ethnic groups apprehended in 2013 than in 2009. However, the decrease for Māori was smaller than that seen for European and Pacific children, with the consequence that the over-representation in the offender statistics of Māori children is exacerbated. This over-representation at the front-end of the youth justice system flows through to other parts of the system (i.e. Child, Youth and Family and the Youth Court). It is important to understand and address the complex interplay of risk factors that lead to Māori children, both boys and girls, being apprehended at a greater rate than children from other ethnic groups. Broadly, attention needs to focus on two areas. Firstly, the rate of Māori children offending and entering the youth justice system in the first instance needs to be reduced. Secondly, for those children who do come in contact with the system, there needs to be effective interventions to increase the likelihood that they do not reoffend. Although a minority (20%) of child offenders committed the majority (57%) of offences by children over the five-year period 2009 to 2013, this was not a small group (around 3,600 children). Within these figures there were 820 children who committed around 11,000 offences, including 170 children who committed nearly 4,200 offences. These figures support the view that early identification and application of effective interventions with high-risk child offenders presents an opportunity to steer the children onto a more positive path, thereby preventing a large number of future crimes and a large number of people from becoming victims. Children who offend are a group who are under-researched in New Zealand. There would be benefit to further research in the following areas: The dynamics of offending by Māori children, and what effective interventions for this group would look like. Who are the high-risk child offenders, how can they be identified early, and what would effective interventions for this group look like? Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, 2016. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 16, 2016 at: http://apo.org.au/resource/offending-children-new-zealand Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Juvenile Justice System Shelf Number: 144843 |
Author: Johnston, Annaliese Title: Beyond the Prison Gate: Reoffending and Reintegration in Aotearoa New Zealand Summary: This report seeks to provide a 10-year update of what it could mean for New Zealand's criminal justice system to look Beyond the Prison Gate. It is released on the cusp of 2017, a year of particular significance because it marks the deadline for the Government's Better Public Services target to reduce the composite reoffending rate by 25%—a target that looks increasingly out of our grasp. 2017 also marks the year in which New Zealand's prison population is likely to reach a record muster of 10,000 inmates, prompting further spending on New Zealand's prisons with a price tag in the billions. These landmarks suggest that we need a re-imagination of beyond the prison gate. This report has sought to engage directly with a group of Salvation Army clients who have experienced prison. Their voices and experiences starkly bring to light that prison, and life after prison, is not congruent to reducing recidivism or strong communities. Their experiences of poverty, homelessness, unemployment, stigma, addiction and family breakdown illustrate a different kind of sentence that has continued beyond their time inside. Details: Manukau, Auckland: The Salvation Army Social Policy and Parliamentary Unit (New Zealand), 2016. 83p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 15, 2016 at: http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/20161207spputsa-prison-gate-2016_report.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Prison Population Shelf Number: 140471 |
Author: Polaschek, Devon Title: Responding to perpetrators of family violence Summary: Key Messages Integrated response systems offer the most promise for responding to family violence in New Zealand. Integrated systems: • Are built from the perspective of system users, not individual service providers • Include crisis services but also continue to provide support until change is firmly established • Include response subsystems that cater for perpetrators, but also victims and families • More New Zealand research is needed before any redesign proceeds, because good design requires knowledge about service users, and about current responses that is lacking • Our communities hold expertise that is important to harness in any redesign. More researcher-practitioner collaboration should be built into any ongoing research and evaluation, because evidence-based practice is a process, not an outcome. Victims and victim advocates also hold expertise that is valuable to this research. An integrated perpetrator response system includes co-ordination between crisis response and immediate containment, criminal and civil court proceedings, sentence or order compliance, risk monitoring and behaviour change components, and provides services based on risk and need. Necessary components include: • "Best practice" risk assessment and reassessment processes that are used consistently with findings well documented • Providing more dangerous perpetrators more oversight and assistance than less dangerous cases • Prompt detection of increases in risk status, with a corresponding change in response • Providing case managers for those with high and complex needs (e.g., mental health, alcohol and other drugs, housing) who co-ordinate and monitor planned responses. These response systems offer more opportunities to hold perpetrators to account, and in turn, better account to victims for their efforts in keeping them safe. New Zealand currently has no such system, and integrated systems are difficult to build and challenging to make work. Developing a system like this in New Zealand will require a significant investment in funding and the development of the necessary human resources. Current responses are piecemeal and insufficient, and mired in a complex web of bureaucracy. • Four government departments provide funding for short term perpetrator non-violence programmes in the community • More work is needed to develop better risk assessment and risk management practices across different parts of the system • Behaviour change-oriented programmes are relatively short with limited scope for tailoring to the heterogeneity of perpetrators • Level and type of service is based on referral pathway rather than risk or need • Self-referrals are growing, but most are unfunded • Methods for engagement with victims and families for safety monitoring are still developing • There is a lack of recognition in service provision models that contact between perpetrators, victims and families often continues or resumes after a specific episode • A sustained programme of public education similar to road safety campaigns is needed "at the top of the cliff", to increase the impact of these "bottom of the cliff" efforts. Details: Auckland: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, University of Auckland, 2016. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 11: Accessed January 27, 2017 at: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/NZFVC-issues-paper-11-responding-perpetrators.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 144921 |
Author: Paynter, Janine Title: Illicit Tobacco Trade: Monitoring and Mitigating Risk in New Zealand Summary: Illicit tobacco in New Zealand • Availability of legal tobacco is a major cause of pain, suffering and preventable death in New Zealand • Illicit trade reduces Government revenue and provides funds for organised crime and corruption. However illicit trade in New Zealand is a relatively minor problem: it constitutes only 0.7 to 2.0% of total tobacco consumption in New Zealand. • Tax on New Zealand tobacco is amongst the highest in the world and New Zealand has one of the lowest estimates of illicit tobacco consumption in the world. Price and availability are not the only factors determining the levels of illicit trade. • New Zealand’s geographical location, population size and limited demand for tobacco compared to other markets means that conditions for illicit trade to flourish are unfavourable. International factors • Tobacco smuggling is more prolific in lower income countries than middle to high income countries. • Case studies around the world during the last decade show that a combination of measures can lead to positive results in tackling large-scale smuggling operations. Countries that are signatories to the FCTC are in the process of agreeing to a new treaty containing numerous measures that will tackle illicit tobacco trade across the globe. No country on its own is able to efficiently combat large-scale smuggling operations. Support from New Zealand for an effective protocol is extremely important. Tobacco industry conduct • Tobacco companies have benefited from and have been found guilty of involvement in illicit trade in a number of jurisdictions. • Tobacco companies play on fears about illicit trade and exaggerate impacts by presenting the issues out of context in two main ways. Firstly they don't acknowledge the more substantial problem of legal tobacco use. Secondly they don’t acknowledge effective measures and how these measures will reduce demand for illicit product. Details: Auckland, NZ: ASH (Action on Smoking and Health, 2010. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 7, 2017 at: http://www.ash.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Illicit_Tobacco_Trade.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Illicit Tobacco Shelf Number: 140844 |
Author: Veng Ian, U Title: Update of Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products in New Zealand 2013 Summary: In 2013, ASH analysed the size of the illicit tobacco market in New Zealand as part of its update on a previous ASH report (Illicit Tobacco Trade: Monitoring and Mitigating Risk in New Zealand). The findings show illicit tobacco continued to form a minor part of the total tobacco market in New Zealand. They were presented in an extensive report titled Update of Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products in New Zealand 2013. In order to investigate claims by the tobacco industry that rising tobacco tax was encouraging the New Zealand illicit tobacco market, ASH’s Research and Policy Analyst conducted a follow on study to specifically look at the effect of tobacco tax on illicit tobacco trade in New Zealand. This original study, titled Tobacco Tax and the Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products in New Zealand, found that illicit tobacco constituted 1.8–3.9% of total national tobacco consumption in NZ in 2013. This represents a minor increase compared to previous estimates from 2007–09. These results have been published in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. This, alongside analysis of annual tobacco returns figures filed by tobacco companies with the New Zealand Ministry of Health, show that tax increases enacted by the NZ Government since 2010 have forced manufacturers to focus on the production of cheap legal tobacco products, directly competing with and undercutting the demand for illicit tobacco products. Furthermore, locally grown illicit tobacco continues to remain a small isolated problem and with recent cuts in duty free tobacco allowance it is expected that overall illicit tobacco will remain a very small proportion of total tobacco consumption in NZ. Details: Auckland, NZ: ASH (Action on Smoking and Health in New Zealand), 2013. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 7, 2017 at: http://www.ash.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ASH-NZ_llicit-Tobacco-in-New-Zealand-2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Illegal Tobacco Trade Shelf Number: 140847 |
Author: Williams, Claire Title: Extending NZ Prison Smoking Bans: Should We Quit While We're Ahead? Summary: Smoking is directly correlated to adverse health effects including heart disease, cancer, chronic pulmonary diseases, nuclear cataract, hip fractures. According to the latest NZ health statistics, of the 8469 prison population, 67.1% smoke which equates to 5674 people. Each smoker in prison costs the NZ taxpayer $20,000 per annum in associated healthcare costs. A total smoking ban in NZ prisons could therefore potentially save the New Zealand economy over $113 million dollars annually. 1 in every 2 smokers will die a premature death because of tobacco addiction; therefore, 2837 lives would potentially be extended; these benefits would be increased if prison staff were included in the smoking ban. Furthermore, 3500 staff in NZ prisons are exposed to second hand smoke or ETS at levels 12 times the national average. A smoking ban which does not apply to prison staff would reduce the levels of ETS exposure; however a ban including staff would mean zero levels of ETS exposure preventing impending law suits. Deaths associated with second hand smoke are approximately 1% of the population; at 12 times higher exposure rates in prisons; a ban including prison staff could mean preventing a premature death of 420 people over the long term. Corrections insurance premiums could be lowered with the introductions of 100% smoking bans in prisons. Details: Auckland, NZ: University of Auckland, 2010. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Policy Report: Accessed February 11, 2017: http://policyprojects.ac.nz/clairewilliams/files/2010/10/Policy-Report2.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Inmate Health Shelf Number: 144836 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Health Title: New Zealand and the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products - Consultation Document Summary: Since 2005 New Zealand has been a party to an international treaty that aims to prevent harms from tobacco use, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO): the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). The Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products, negotiated under this Treaty, aims to provide a global response to the illicit trade in tobacco products. The Government is undertaking consultation to inform decision-making as to whether it should agree to become a party to it. This consultation document puts forward two options for consideration: Option 1: New Zealand does not become a party to the Protocol and continues with its current approach to preventing illicit trade in tobacco products. Option 2: New Zealand becomes a party to the Protocol and makes the necessary changes to meet the mandatory requirements of the Protocol. New Zealand's existing laws already comply with many of the obligations in the Protocol. However, if New Zealand became a party to the Protocol, some legislative reforms would probably be needed, along with new systems, processes and initiatives to support them. This consultation paper explores these implications. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Health, 2015. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 11, 2017 at: http://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/nz-and-protocol-eliminate-illicit-trade-tobacco-products-consultation-aprl15-v2.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Illicit Tobacco Trade Shelf Number: 140874 |
Author: Insights MSD Title: Youth Service: Evaluation Report Summary: Youth Service is a new approach to working with vulnerable young people where MSD contracts a service provider to work actively and intensively with a young person Young people who access a main benefit are at extremely high risk of long term benefit dependency. Youth Service was established in August 2012 to address this and help this group of vulnerable young people reach their full potential. This evaluation presents findings from the first 18 months of Youth Service's operation. The findings consider: young people's participation in education, training or work-based learning, enrollment in budgeting and parenting activities, and achievement of NCEA qualifications the impact of Youth Service on the main benefit receipt of Youth Payment participants. This is assessed using a comparison group drawn from young people who started a main benefit before the introduction of Youth Service. In brief the findings show: Four out of five young people enrolled in Youth Service are now in education or training. Many of these young people were previously disengaged from school and had no NCEA qualifications. Youth Service is helping young people gain NCEA Level 2, so they have a better chance at getting a decent job During their first year in Youth Service, young people are more likely to gain NCEA credits and meet the requirements of NCEA Level 2 than under the old welfare system: 63 per cent of 16 and 17 year olds receiving YP achieved NCEA credits in their first year, compared to 24 per cent of similar young people who received the old Independent Youth Benefit (IYB). 14 per cent of Youth Payment participants met the requirements for NCEA Level 2, compared to 5 per cent of the young people who received IYB. 43 per cent of teen parents achieved NCEA credits in their first year, compared to 20 per cent of similar teen parents who received Emergency Maintenance Allowance (EMA) or the Domestic Purposes Benefit (DPB). 7 per cent of Young Parent Payment participants met the requirements for NCEA Level 2, compared to 5 per cent of the comparison group. Young people who are at risk of not being in education, employment or training (NEET) can also access Youth Service, even if they are not on benefit. Youth providers are targeting these young people and helping them to work toward an NCEA qualification: Half of these at risk young people have increased their number of NCEA credits within their first year in Youth Service. 15 per cent met the requirements for NCEA Level 2 in their first year. After one year in the service fewer 16 and 17 years olds receiving Youth Payment remain on benefit, compared to similar young people who received IYB under the old welfare system. More young people aged 16 and 17 are moving off benefit as a result of Youth Service Young people are now gaining the education, qualifications and skills needed to move off benefit and into employment or full-time tertiary study. After one year in the service fewer 16 and 17 years olds receiving Youth Payment remain on benefit, compared to similar young people who received IYB under the old welfare system. We expect to see the same trend for teen parents as their children become closer to school age and they have increased ability to move into full-time work or study. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, 2014. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 18, 2017 at: https://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/evaluation/youth-service/evaluation-report.html Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: At-Risk Youth Shelf Number: 141104 |
Author: Campbell, Lesley Title: Sexual Assault Support Service for Canterbury: Research to Inform Service Design Summary: Sexual violence is a serious public health and human rights issue. While there is a growing understanding of its prevalence and the short- and long-term negative psychosocial and economic impacts for individuals, families/whānau and communities, both in New Zealand and across international jurisdictions the focus of attention has shifted to defining intervention strategies that are effective for those affected by sexual violence and offer a return on investment. The evidence suggests that an optimal, comprehensive and effective strategy for reducing and ultimately eliminating sexual violence should include interventions that are designed to target the individual-, interpersonal-, community- and societal-level factors that influence its occurrence. This targeted, four-level ecological model of interventions would enable risk factors to be modified and protective factors to be built and sustained. In essence, a continuum of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention specialist sexual violence interventions and services would operate contemporaneously, with each level of intervention supporting the efforts of the others. Primary sexual violence prevention services are implemented before sexual violence occurs and aim to prevent victimisation. Secondary sexual violence prevention services include a range of responses that seek to prevent further harm and reduce re-offending. They are delivered in the immediate- and intermediate term following a sexual assault. Tertiary prevention services include long-term responses, such as counselling for victims/survivors and sex offender treatment programmes. It is the domain of the secondary prevention specialist sexual violence services that is the focus of this research project – a service, for those who have acute and/or historic experiences of sexual violence, that is positioned to respond in the immediate and intermediate term following a traumatic event that resulted in help seeking by a victim/survivor and/or those in their natural ecology. Sexual assault support services throughout the world are set up in many different ways, however their services will include some or all of the following elements: free 24/7 telephone and/or other information communication technology support services; face-to-face emotional and practical support, including support immediately following a sexual violence incident as well as follow-up and outreach support; group and peer support; information services; advocacy and accompaniment within police, health and court settings; brokerage and referral to other cross-agency and cross-discipline services; training and consultancy to other mainstream agencies; and community education programmes. Details: Christchurch, NZ: Aviva Family Violence Services, 2016. 365p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 20, 2017 at: http://www.avivafamilies.org.nz/resources/file/sassc_research_report_v2_final__delivered_07_april_2016_(2).pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Violence Shelf Number: 144510 |
Author: Merdian, Hannah Lena Title: Offenders Who Use Child Sexual Exploitation Material: Development of an integrated model for their classification, assessment, and treatment Summary: Since the advent of the internet, convictions for the possession, display, trading and distribution of child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) have risen steadily. Professionals working in sex offender assessment and treatment have seen an influx in individuals who engage in this type of child sexual abuse without any direct contact with the victim. Despite an increase in recent research activities, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding this "new type" of sex offenders, in terms of appropriate assessment, treatment and management strategies. A comprehensive review was undertaken, establishing the knowledge basis regarding CSEM offending and the offenders who engage in it. The identified differences between CSEM offenders (CSEMOs) and contact sex offenders (CSOs) and the nature of their offending led to the development of a theoretical model of CSEM offending, suggesting a classification of CSEM users on three dimensions: CSEM offending with or without direct sexual contact to a minor (fantasy-driven versus contact-driven offending), the individual’s motivation to offend, and the level of networking with other offenders. The question of risk of reoffending in CSEMOs, especially concerning cross-over to contact sex offending with a minor, was examined in terms of actual reoffending data and in the context of behavioural consequences resulting from general pornography consumption. The findings further confirmed the value of the two-fold distinction of CSEMOs, with contact-driven offenders presenting higher risk of direct sex offending based on a greater inclination for sexual violence. A review of existing risk assessment tools and established risk factors for sexual reoffending pointed to the value of structured professional guidelines when assessing CSEM offenders. Sixty-eight offenders were assessed via an anonymous computer survey including a variety of clinical and risk-related variables; the sample included 22 CSEMOs, 29 CSOs, and 17 offenders with both offence types (mixed offenders, MOs). The findings confirmed differing profiles between CSEM users and CSOs, most notably in the high emotional, time-related and financial cost involved in CSEMOs' internet behaviour and MOs’ apparent disregard for their emotional ties to others. As a heterogeneous nature of CSEM users became apparent, numerical and graphical methods were employed to identify subgroups of CSEM users: Contact-driven Users (n = 15), Fantasy-driven Users (n = 12), and three smaller subgroups (each n = 2): Users with a preference for material with extreme content (Extreme Material Users), users who enacted high caution in their CSEM offending (Cautious Users), and users with high social connectedness (Social Users). While the focus of Contact-driven Users was pointed to direct sexual contact with minors, Fantasy-driven Users showed higher involvement in their CSEM usage, for example regarding their social or emotional investment online. The spatial representation of participants identified three dimensions as crucial in the classification of these subgroups: direct sexual contact with a minor, possession of fantasy-generating material, and social contact with other users with a sexual interest in minors. Exploring the subgroups’ profile on these variables and on conventional predictors of sex offending led to the development of an empirical model of CSEM users, differentiating a contact-driven pathway (Cautious Users, Contact-driven Users) from a fantasy-driven pathway (Extreme Material Users, Fantasy-driven Users, and Social Users), with offenders on the contact-driven pathway appearing more similar to CSOs. The theoretical and empirical models were then combined into an Integrated Model for the Classification, Assessment, and Treatment of CSEM Users (IMCAT-CU), leading to the development of structured professional guidelines for their assessment and risk evaluation according to the five prototypes of CSEM offending. Details: Hamilton, NZ: University of Waikato, 2012. 531p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed March 24, 2017 at: http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/6566 Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Pornography Shelf Number: 144575 |
Author: Sanders, Jackie Title: Youth and the 'Person Most Knowledgeable' -- what trusted others know about vulnerable youth Summary: This paper is the sixth in a series of reports on the Pathways to Resilience Research (PtRP) programme. The PtRP was a national mixed methods investigation of the factors that were related to positive outcomes for youth who were involved in multiple service systems (MSU youth). Data was collected between 2009 and 2013. The research used an ecological approach examining the contributions of resilience, risks and service factors to positive outcomes. This paper considers the responses to a series of questions of a matched set (n = 439) of youth and persons most knowledgeable (PMK) drawing on data from interviews completed between 2009 and 2012. The PMK were people nominated by youth because they knew the youth best at the time of the interview and the youth trusted them to answer questions about their lives. The wider study involved 1494 young people and the 439 PMK. The measures used in this analysis are described in the Appendix. The research was approved by the Massey University Human Ethics Committee prior to any data collection commencing. This paper addresses these questions: 1. Are there differences between youth who could and who could not nominate a PMK? 2. What are the similarities and differences on key measures used in the study between the PMK as a group and youth as a group? 3. Do different types of PMK share similar views to the youth about whom they answered questions? 4. What areas of similarity and difference are there between the different types of PMK on key measures used in the study? Details: Auckland, NZ: Massey University, 2013. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Technical Report 6: Accessed April 18, 2017 at: http://www.youthsay.co.nz/massey/fms/Resilience/Documents/The%20Person%20Most%20Knowledgeable.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: At-Risk Youth Shelf Number: 145054 |
Author: Sanders, Jackie Title: The Human Face of Vulnerability Summary: This is the third in a series of technical reports that outline research procedures and present the results from the New Zealand Pathways to Resilience Research Programme (see Report 2 for a methodological overview of the study). The research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (now the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment) between 2008 and 2014. This report discusses the characteristics of a group of youth who completed a survey administered to 1494 youth during 2009 and 2010. Two populations of youth were surveyed: a group of multiple service users (MSU) recruited from organisations that provide formal support services to youth and a comparison group (CG) of youth who were recruited from schools, community programmes and organisations located in the communities from which the MSU youth were drawn. To be eligible to be included in the MSU category youth needed to have used two or more services within six months prior to completion of the survey. The services included: juvenile justice, child welfare, alternative or special education services, and mental health services. These services could be provided by either a statutory organisation or an NGO providing services under contract to government. The research programme has several distinct methodological components: - A survey of MSU and CG youth aged between 12 and 17 years; - A survey of adults nominated by MSU youth as knowing the most about them (PMK or person most knowledgeable); - Qualitative interviews with MSU youth and the PMK; - Reviews of case files held by a range of organisations that worked with a subsample of MSU youth. Taken together these four components constitute the Pathways to Resilience Study. The study builds upon and significantly extends the Canadian Pathways to Resilience study (http://resilienceproject.org/). The goal of the New Zealand study is to identify factors in service provision and youth ecologies that are related to functional outcomes (functional outcomes include; the ability to complete education, capacity to sustain positive peer group relations and to engage in prosocial behaviour for MSU youth). The current report considers the characteristics of the youth involved in the study. It thus focuses on data generated through the completion of the Pathways to Resilience Youth Measure (PRYM) survey instrument; a compilation of scales used in this study to assess risk, resilience, service use patterns and aspects of youth social ecologies. Details: Auckland, NZ: Massey University, 2013. 59p. Source: Internet Resource: Technical Report 3: Accessed April 18, 2017 at: http://www.youthsay.co.nz/massey/fms/Resilience/Documents/The%20Human%20Face%20of%20Vulnerability.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: At-Risk Youth Shelf Number: 145055 |
Author: New Zealand. Office of the Ombudsman Title: A question of restraint - Care and management for prisoners considered to be at risk of suicide and self-harm Summary: New Zealand signed the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (OPCAT) in September 2003 and ratified OPCAT in March 2007. The objective of OPCAT is to establish a system of regular visits by international and national bodies to places of detention in order to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. OPCAT is incorporated into New Zealand law through the Crimes of Torture Act 1989 (COTA). The Ombudsman was designated a National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) in respect of: - prisons; - premises approved or agreed under the Immigration Act 1987; and - health and disability places of detention. Unlike other human rights treaty processes that deal with violations of rights after the fact, OPCAT is primarily concerned with preventing violations. Our visits are carried out with a view to strengthening protections against ill treatment and improving conditions of detention, taking into account international human rights standards. This preventive approach aims to ensure that sufficient safeguards against ill treatment are in place and that any risks, poor practices or systemic problems are identified and addressed. Each place of detention we visit contains a wide variety of people, often with complex and competing needs. Some detainees are difficult to deal with - demanding and vulnerable - others are more engaging and constructive. All have to be managed within a framework that is consistent and fair to all. While we appreciate the complexity of running such facilities and caring for detainees, our obligation is to ensure that appropriate standards are maintained in the facilities, and to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. By their very nature, prisons house difficult to manage, sometimes dangerous and often vulnerable prisoners who can push boundaries and challenge the system. In coercive establishments such as prisons, there is a danger that security is over-emphasised to the detriment of the dignity of prisoners. This year we found examples where order and security prevailed too easily over dignity and fairness; specifically, the care and treatment of adult prisoners considered to be at risk of suicide and self-harm. This report highlights our observations and findings over the reporting period July 2015 - June 2016 and focuses on the comprehensive inspections of five prison sites: Arohata Women's Prison, Manawatu Prison, Rolleston Prison, Invercargill Prison and Otago Corrections Facility. Additional visits to Auckland Prison, Auckland Regional Women's Corrections Facility, Auckland South Corrections Facility (managed by SERCO), Christchurch Men's Prison and Rimutaka Prison are also referred to in the body of the report and help inform the overall findings in this report. Details: Wellington, NZ: Office of the Ombudsman, 2017. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 4, 2017 at: http://www.ombudsman.parliament.nz/system/paperclip/document_files/document_files/1905/original/a_question_of_restraint_march_2017.pdf?1493174263 Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Health Care Shelf Number: 145304 |
Author: Waitangi Tribunal Title: Tu mai te rangi: Report on the Crown and disproportionate reoffending rates Summary: Our report follows the hearing under urgency of a claim concerning Crown actions and policies in reducing the disproportionate rate of Māori reoffending, and whether the Crown is acting consistently with its Treaty obligations in this regard. The claim sits within the broader issue of the undisputed and long-standing over-representation of Maori in the criminal justice system generally. However, our report is the result of an urgent inquiry into the current reoffending aspect of this issue only. We begin with a brief outline of how this claim was brought to us and why it was granted urgency. We also introduce the main parties to our inquiry. In the second chapter we consider the wider picture of Maori over-representation in the corrections system, and previous reports and inquiries into this issue. In the third chapter, we set out the parties' positions on the inquiry's central issues. In the fourth chapter we present our discussion of the evidence as it relates to the central issues we have identified, and we apply the relevant Treaty principles to this evidence. In the fifth and final chapter we present our findings. The Tribunal also recommends the Crown include a dedicated budget to appropriately resource the new strategic focus and target. Details: Wellington: The Tribunal, 2017. 105p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 9, 2017 at: https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/WT/wt_DOC_121273708/Tu%20Mai%20Te%20Rangi%20W.pdf Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Criminal justice, Administration of Shelf Number: 145366 |
Author: Moselen, Emma Title: Youth 'At-Risk' and 'Resilient' to Crime: Sharing the perspectives of young women who engage in crime in Aotearoa Summary: The perspective of young people, and especially young women who engage in crime has been under-represented in risk and resilience research and policy interventions in New Zealand and in other developed nations. This limits understandings of why young people might engage in crime as well as the effectiveness of interventions that aim to reduce youth crime. In response, this thesis presents insights on youth crime, risk and resilience gained from interviews with eight young women who have engaged in crime between the ages of 15 and 20 years old and lived in Auckland, New Zealand. This thesis sought to examine participants' understandings of their pathways into and out of crime, the terms 'at-risk' and 'resilient' as well as what these young women desire for their futures. An analysis of the interviews reveal how the experiences and perspectives of young women who engage in crime contextualises and extends the dominant, individually-focussed view of risk and resilience. This view tends to locate the cause of crime within the individual and their immediate context. Participants' stories add nuance and deepen the understanding of how 'risk' and 'protective' factors influence young women to engage in crime. Their stories support the incorporation of an ecologically-focussed view of risk and resilience into mainstream literature and policy. Participants realise that external factors including social, structural and political factors shape their environments, constrain their personal agency and influence their involvement in crime. There is an obvious awareness of how the high-risk neighbourhoods normalise pathways that eventuate in crime and negatively influence thoughts and behaviours. Some participants discussed the importance of replacing their role of 'offender' with socially accepted roles including mother, romantic partner, employee or church-goer in their efforts to reduce their involvement in crime. While participants were aware of being associated with the term 'at-risk', none of the participants had heard of the term 'resilient'. Participants' understanding of these terms reflect notions of individual responsibility indicating that risk and resilience terminology may stigmatise and marginalise youth offenders. Participants revealed that they have socially desirable goals such as access to wealth and resources and having a family. Yet their circumstances (e.g. poverty and lack of formal education) limit their ability to achieve these goals through socially acceptable methods. Listening to young women and utilising theories of structuration and habitus, may encourage future researchers to balance their approach by refraining from an exclusive focus on risk and protective factors tied to the individual and including environmentally-located factors in risk and resilience literature. The key recommendation is to develop existing risk and resilience literature and advance policy by addressing structural issues such as poverty and unemployment alongside factors linked to the individual. Details: Hamilton, NZ: University of Waikato, 2014. 156p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed June 14, 2017 at: http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/8801 Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: At-Risk Youth Shelf Number: 146166 |
Author: Urry, Yvonne Title: Turning Points in the Lives of Vulnerable Young People Summary: The data presented in this report was collected as part of a larger study, the Pathways to Resilience Research Program, a five-country (Canada, China, Colombia, South Africa, and New Zealand), mixed methods study of youth resilience and risk. Data for the study was gathered between 2009 and 2013. Linked to its parent study based at the Resilience Research Centre in Halifax Canada, these were the first studies anywhere in the world that investigated the ways in which experiences across service systems influenced outcomes for youth with complex needs. Taking an ecological and youth-centred perspective, the research not only considers multiple service experiences, it also takes account of patterns within the social and material environment as well as interpersonal relationships within the lives of youth who are clients of multiple services. In this way it focuses on explaining the ways in which youth "negotiate" for, and "navigate" (Ungar et al., 2013) towards the social determinants of wellbeing with their families/whanau and the service systems that provide them with support, treatment and care. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors that were related to the achievement of positive outcomes for youth who were users of multiple services. These were very vulnerable young people who faced a complex mix of challenges in navigating safe pathways through adolescence and into adulthood (Allard, 2007; Berzin, 2010; Rogers, 2011; Stein, et al., 2011). The study had a particular interest in explaining the ways in which the risks confronted by these youth, their resilience and wider social ecologies, combined with supportive and remedial services to create different patterns in outcomes. While data was collected from a number of sources, the research placed a particular priority upon providing spaces for youth themselves to explain their own experiences and to reflect upon the factors that made a positive difference in their lives (Bolzan & Gale, 2012; Bottrell, 2009; Fleming, 2011; McLaren, 2002; Sanders & Munford, 2005). Details: Wellington, NZ: Massey University, 2014. 79p. Source: Internet Resource: Pathways to Resilience Research Project (New Zealand):Whaia to huanui kia toa : Technical Report 18: Accessed July 31, 2017 at: http://www.youthsay.co.nz/massey/fms/Resilience/Documents/Turning%20Points%20in%20the%20Lives%20of%20Vulnerable%20Young%20People.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: At-Risk Youth Shelf Number: 146629 |
Author: Sanders, Jackie Title: Young females in the court system: A report prepared for the Principal Youth Court Judge Summary: The Principal Youth Court Judge expressed an interest in understanding more about the experiences of females who come through the Youth Court. He has asked three questions: 1. What is the profile of young females who come before the Youth Court? a. Age, ethnicity, charges and outcomes. b. Do they have particular background characteristics and needs that the Youth Court would benefit from knowing about in terms of sentencing? Of concern are factors such as levels of abuse and neglect, levels of violence perpetrated by them. 2. How can the Youth Court adapt its processes so that it can better enable participation of females in Court processes as required by legislation? Are there particular needs of females as opposed to males in these processes? 3. What do good rehabilitation programmes look like for females? Are there specific components that would differ from those appropriate for males? This report is divided into two sections. First, in order to answer Question 1, data from the New Zealand Successful Youth Transitions Research Programme (YTR) is used to generate a profile of females and males who report involvement in the Youth Court, to explore their pathways into and through the court system and to link these pathways with other aspects of their lives . This discussion situates these patterns within the wider literature. Second, the extant literature is reviewed with a view to answering Questions 2 and 3, bearing in mind the patterns identified in the first section. Details: Wellington, NZ: Massey University, 2016. 59p. Source: Internet Resource: The Youth Transitions Study (New Zealand): Whaia to huanui kia toa, Technical Report 25: Accessed July 31, 2017 at:http://www.youthsay.co.nz/massey/fms/Resilience/Documents/Female%20pathways%20to%20offending.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Female Delinquents Shelf Number: 146631 |
Author: Prujean, Bianca Title: Chance and Sense of Self Summary: The Youth Transitions Study is a longitudinal study of the transition to adulthood for young people who face high levels of risk during childhood and adolescence. The research was funded by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment between 2009 and 2019. In addition to tracking the transition process across time, the study also investigated the role of services and informal networks in supporting these transitions. This report draws on the qualitative interviews and reports on one theme that emerged in the data analysis; the intersection between chance events and sense of self. Methodology The research programme involved: - A survey administered to young people once a year for three years. - Qualitative interviews with a subset of young people administered once a year for three years after completion of the three surveys. - Qualitative interviews with an adult nominated by the young people as someone they trusted and whom they considered to know the most about them (Person Most Knowledgeable (PMK). In 2009, 593 young people were recruited into the study and took part in the first of three annual surveys. Following this, a subset of 107 youth were recruited into the qualitative phase and participated in three qualitative interviews. The research was approved by the University Ethics Committee. Both surveys and interviews were administered by trained interviewers. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to guide the qualitative interviews. These interviews included a range of questions covering life experiences, risks and resources, experiences of family, school and service experiences, community, relationships, and the young person's insights into what assisted them through their transitions. The young people were interviewed individually in a location of their choosing. The PMK also participated in three rounds of qualitative interviews. Interviews were recorded digitally, transcribed verbatim, and coded using NVivo qualitative software. An initial set of thematic nodes was derived from the qualitative interviews and then a secondary analysis generated other themes. This report focuses on one of these themes: chance and sense of self; where chance events affected the young person's sense of self and identity. It draws on data from the qualitative interviews with young people, and corresponding interviews with their PMK where nominated. Chance and Sense of Self In this report chance is defined as: the things that happen which are unplanned but change the young person's life course or how they understand their experiences. For example, people who just turn up in young people's lives for good or bad, or being in the right or wrong place at the right or wrong time. Chance events or opportunities can have a considerable bearing on the young person's trajectory, altering their narrative and impacting their sense of self. The inner resources the young person is able to harness and their access or lack of access to external resources can significantly alter the outcome of chance events and opportunities Several sub-themes emerged within this theme, as follows: - Young Person Takes Advantage of an Opportunity - Communication Skills and Networking - Confidence and Sense of Self Insights and Crossroads - Opportunity Lost: Difficulty Persevering or Making Plans - Persevering Despite Setbacks Risk Taking and Hidden Resilience This report is informed by Giddens' concept of the self as a "reflexive project" or project of the self (1991: 32). He proposes that self-identity, and the "fragile nature of the biography" an individual provides about themselves, are interconnected. An individual's identity is found in their ability to persevere with a particular narrative, a narrative which "cannot be wholly fictive" if one is to continue regularly interacting with others in daily life (1991: 54). It has been argued that Gidden's point of view may not sufficiently take into consideration that young people are "already living through the consequences of the decisions, or lack of decisions of others", instead painting them as "abstract individuals" showing personal agency and taking risks (Thomson et al., 2002: 338). Details: Wellington: Massey University, 2016. 95p. Source: Internet Resource: The Youth Transitions Study (New Zealand): Whāia to huanui kia toa: Technical Report 26: Accessed August 4, 2017 at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Robyn_Munford/publication/310799124_Chance_and_Sense_of_Self/links/5837d25a08ae3d91723bc027/Chance-and-Sense-of-Self.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: At-Risk Youth Shelf Number: 146706 |
Author: Sanders, Jackie Title: Youth engagement in the justice system across time - risk, resources and services experiences Summary: This report presents a preliminary analysis of the relationship between involvement in the justice system and a range of other indicators for a group of vulnerable youth participating in the New Zealand Youth Transitions Study; a longitudinal study of vulnerable youth. It reports on data collected at three time periods between 2009 and 2013. In this report, youth are compared on various aspects of their lives including resilience resources, individual and community risks, interpersonal relationships as well as on their involvement in and experience of various services designed to assist them. For analysis purposes the sample was divided into groups based on their reported levels of involvement in the justice system at different points in time. High justice involvement was defined as having been to Youth, District or High Court, or having been sentenced to a youth justice facility or prison, while no involvement was defined as either reporting no involvement in the justice system at all or reporting involvement through lower-level processes such as justice family group conferences, community sentences or diversion. Just over half of the youth in this study reported high involvement in the justice system at Time 1 and/or Time 3. Half of the youth with high involvement at Time 1 retained this level of involvement at Time 3. During the course of the study another 15% of youth became highly involved in the justice system. More male than female youth reported high levels of involvement in the justice system across time. Youth with high levels of involvement also tended to be older than those with no involvement. Māori and Pacific youth were overrepresented in the group of youth with high levels of involvement in the justice system throughout the study period. Across time youth with high levels of justice system involvement consistently reported significantly higher levels of individual externalising risks (such as engagement in aggressive behaviour, theft, damage to property and substance use) and at the end of the study they also reported significantly higher levels of neighbourhood risks. Youth with higher levels of engagement in the justice system also tended to report higher levels of involvement in the child welfare system at different periods in their lives. There was also some indication that early engagement in the justice system was related to lower levels of later engagement in educational programmes. However, those youth who had high levels of involvement in the justice system at the end of the study reported higher involvement in educational programmes at their first interview, possibly reflecting the fact that a large number of these youth were in residential facilities at the time of their first interview and involved in the educational programmes provided in those facilities. While there were clear differences between the two groups (ie; between the high involvement and no involvement in justice groups) in terms of risks and some differences around service use, generally there were no differences between the two groups in terms of access to resilience resources and other relational resources (such as peer group and family). Measures of prosocial behaviour did show a significant difference between the high and no justice involvement groups at Time 3, such that high justice youth reported fewer prosocial resources. Reviewing quality of service use experiences across two services, significantly more youth reporting consistently positive service experiences at Time 1 had no justice involvement at Time 3. Conversely, significantly more youth reporting inconsistent or negative service experience group at Time 1 had high levels of engagement with the justice system at Time 3. In other words, consistently high quality service experiences at the beginning of the study were related to lower levels of engagement in the justice system at the end of the study. The analyses raised questions about the nature and focus of service delivery for youth who report high levels of engagement in the justice system. Given that within this population of vulnerable, multiple-service using youth those with high levels of engagement in the justice system across time also reported significantly higher levels of externalising risk behaviours across a broad front, it might have been expected that they would also have reported higher levels of engagement in additional educational programmes, welfare support services and also mental health programmes as these behaviours also fall within the scope of these other three service systems. However, higher levels of involvement in the justice system and reported levels of externalising risk behaviours was not accompanied by higher levels of involvement of these other systems. This suggests that that in order to reduce the retention of youth in the justice system there may be a need for service providers, irrespective of the service system in which they are located, to provide programmes that support youth to effectively reduce risk behaviours and to be resourced to work with youth who present with these combinations of risk behaviours. It appears that when youth do have the opportunity to be involved with multiple service providers who work in respectful, empowering and relevant ways that youth are less likely to have intensive involvement in the justice system. In this regard, service supports, irrespective of the service system in which they are located, constitute an important resource for vulnerable youth when they work in respectful and empowering ways and when they deliver support that is relevant to youth. Details: Wellington: Massey University, 2013. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 4, 2017 at: http://www.whariki.ac.nz/massey/fms/Resilience/Documents/Engagement%20in%20the%20justice%20system%20across%20time.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: At-Risk Youth Shelf Number: 146708 |
Author: Thursdays in Black Title: "In Our Own Words" Student experiences of sexual violence prior to and during tertiary education Summary: The report, 'In Our Own Words', is the first fully gender minority inclusive research report on sexual violence in this country. In Our Own Words shows elevated levels of sexual violence toward every minority gender population. An overwhelming 100% of transgender women respondents, transgender men respondents, takataapui gender minority respondents, and intersex respondents, reported experiencing sexual violence; including sexual assault and/or sexual harassment during their time as a student. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Union of Students' Associations, 2017. 2 vol. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 11, 2017 at: http://www.thursdaysinblack.org.nz/survey Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Minorities Shelf Number: 147215 |
Author: Mossman, Elaine Title: Evaluation of the family violence Integrated Safety Response pilot: Final report Summary: The family violence Integrated Safety Response (ISR) pilot was officially launched in Christchurch on 4 July 2016. A second pilot site (Waikato) came into operation on 25 October 2016. The ISR pilot is one element of a larger cross-agency work programme overseen by the Ministerial Group on Family Violence and Sexual Violence. Government Ministers asked the Social Policy Evaluation and Research Unit (Superu) to commission a supplier to carry out an evaluation of the ISR pilot. Superu selected a consortium of three independent evaluators Dr Elaine Mossman (sole trader), Judy Paulin (Artemis Research NZ Ltd), and Nan Wehipeihana (Research Evaluation Consultancy Ltd). This final report follows an interim report completed in November 2016 that focused on the early implementation of the ISR model in the first pilot site (Christchurch). This final report reviews emerging evidence of the effectiveness of the ISR model together with any changes in practice. It also considers the extent to which the implementation of the model has taken account of early findings from the evaluation (i.e., evidence of continuous improvement). The Christchurch pilot remains the focus of the report, but data from Waikato is included (where applicable) especially to assess the ability of the ISR model to generalise to other sites, and to consider impacts of local variations to the model. The report states that since the pilot began: Multi-agency safety plans have been developed for nearly 10,000 families, involving just under 30,000 individuals. Close to 400 of these families have been identified as high risk (4% of all plans) Every week, an average of 183 episodes of family harm are being processed through ISR in Christchurch and 209 in Waikato. The evaluators note "Operating the ISR model is resource intensive, and getting the right level of resource to meet demand has been challenging for teams at both sites." Details: Wellington, NZ: Social Policy Evaluation and Research Unit (Superu), 2017. 165p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 11, 2017 at: http://www.superu.govt.nz/sites/default/files/ISR%20Final%20Reportv2.pdf Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Violence Shelf Number: 147216 |
Author: Morgan, Mandy Title: Study One. The first year at Gandhi Nivas: A Preliminary Statistical Description (Revised) Summary: In New Zealand, family violence is a major social problem with intimate partners committing the majority of offences within families (Ministry of Justice, 2015). In the most recent New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey, 26.1% of women participants reported incidents of intimate partner violence in a current or previous relationship and women of Asian, Pasifika and Māori ethnicities are reported to be particularly vulnerable to coercive and controlling behaviours from a current partner (Ministry of Justice, 2015 ). This research concerns the development of a community led project in Otahuhu, Auckland that provides early intervention services to men who have been bound by Police Safety Orders (PSO) in the Counties Manukau. Police Safety Orders are issued as an interim safety measure when police have reasonable grounds to believe that there is a risk of family violence, or that an incident of family violence has occurred. Persons who are bound by Police Safety orders are not permitted to return to the home they share with protected persons (including children) or assault, threaten, intimidate or harass the protected person, or retain possession of firearms or any firearm license for the period of the order, which is up to 5 days and usually between 2 and 3 days. A recent evaluation of Police Safety Orders (Mossman, Kingi & Wehipeihana, 2014) identified the need for improvements in the provision of emergency housing for bound persons and quick referrals to community agencies for both the bound person and the person at risk. Gandhi Nivas was established in December 2014 to provide such emergency housing and rapid referrals. Gandhi Nivas provides men who are bound by PSO or otherwise involved in Police matters related to family violence with emergency accommodation and the support of a Social Worker at the time of their intake. They receive a needs assessment and brief counselling at Gandhi Nivas immediately. They are also referred for early intervention counselling to Sahaayta Counselling Services who aim to engage the men and their families with support quickly. Intervention courses are also delivered through Sahaayta. Other referrals to organisations and support services in the community are provided as indicated by the needs assessment, such as Work and Income New Zealand and medical appointments, budgeting services, and access to legal services. Details: Auckland, NZ: Nirvana Health, 2016 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 14, 2017 at: http://www.nirvanahealth.co.nz/assets/PDFs/Study-One-Revised-March-2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Abusive Men Shelf Number: 147263 |
Author: Fitzharris, Andy Title: Chief Inspector's Report into the "Circumstances surrounding organised prisoner (Fight Club) and access to cell phones and contraband at Mount Eden Corrections Facility (MECF) Summary: Mount Eden Corrections Facility (MECF) is one of two prisons in New Zealand managed by private operators Serco New Zealand Ltd (Serco). Since August 2011, MECF has been the largest remand facility in the country, and is designed to hold up to 976 males of remand accused, remand convicted and sentenced status. On 15 July 2015 the Department of Corrections (Corrections) became aware that a series of video clips showing organised fighting between prisoners at MECF had been uploaded to the website YouTube. The videos (the YouTube Footage) provide irrefutable evidence of the existence of a 'fight club' operating at MECF. On 17 July 2015 TV3 News screened footage that had been uploaded to YouTube, showing a number of prisoners involved in organised fighting at MECF. Over the following days a number of prisoners, ex-prisoners and their families, came forth with accounts of organised fighting, prisoner on prisoner violence and inhumane treatment during their time at MECF. The videos uploaded to YouTube had been filmed on contraband cell phones, which raised concerns over prisoner access to cell phones and other contraband on to the site. An internal investigation is being completed by Serco, which holds the Prison Management Contract for MECF (the Contract). As at the date of this report (Report), Serco's internal report is yet to be provided to Corrections. By Terms of Reference dated 27 August 2015 (the Terms of Reference). I was instructed by the Chief Executive of Corrections (the Chief Executive) to conduct a full investigation (the Investigation) into: a) the possible existence of a 'fight club' at MECF; and b) access of prisoners to contraband, in particular cell phones, at MECF. The Terms of Reference superseded an earlier terms of reference dated 19 July 2015 (the Earlier Terms of Reference), which instructed me to pay particular attention to the three months prior to that date. Therefore, the Investigation has a particular focus on, but is not limited to, the three months to the date of the Earlier Terms of Reference. The Corrections Inspectorate (Inspectorate) operates under the Corrections Act 2004, the Corrections Regulations 2005, the mandate of the Chief Executive, and the policies established by the Department relating to the fair, safe, secure and humane treatment of prisoners and those detained within the corrections system. This Report contains Phase One of the Investigation required by the Terms of Reference. Phase Two will consist of a review of the adequacy of controls designed to address prisoner violence and access to cell phones operating in other New Zealand prisons, and an investigation into any reported incidents of prisoner on prisoner fighting recorded on cell phones in other New Zealand prisons. Details: Wellington, NZ: Department of Corrections, 2016. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 9, 2017 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/856650/Phase_One_MECF_Report_FINAL_REDACTED.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Prison Administration Shelf Number: 147624 |
Author: Cockburn, Robyn Title: Respect and Responsibility Review: Full Report Summary: In November 2016 New Zealand Rugby (NZR) committed to an independent Respect and Responsibility Review (RRR) to understand how NZR can lead, develop and support people within the rugby system to be better people and collectively to create better rugby players, teams, volunteers and experiences. Ultimately the goal is to replicate the excellent work NZR does with on field performance, and do this with off field behaviour. The RRR was carried out from November 2016 to August 2017. Six recommendations have been made and the theme of each is focused on: Inclusive Leadership, Better People, Wellbeing, Gender Equality, Engagement and Communications and Accountability and Independence. It was clear to the Panel that collectively NZ rugby is doing a lot of good work in this area, however there is no room for complacency. The recommendations provide all of rugby a pathway to continue to ensure everyone involved in the game has the right information and understanding with regards to respect and responsibility to enable them to make the right decisions. This includes ensuring that our attitudes towards women in rugby, diversity, respect, responsibility and inclusiveness are in keeping with a world leading sports organisation. Undertaking a significant culture change in any organisation is complex and takes time and NZR will be setting a long-term programme for action to affect the RRR recommendations. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Rugby, 2017. 166p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 11, 2017 at: http://files.allblacks.com/NZRU_Media_Releases/2017/NZR_RRR_Final_Review_Report_070917.pdf Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Shelf Number: 147658 |
Author: Bakker, Leon Title: And there was light...Evaluating the Kia Marama treatment programme for New Zealand sex offenders against children Summary: About this evaluation - Kia Marama is the first New Zealand treatment programme for those imprisoned for sexual offences against children. It has run for seven years and its first graduates have lived for up to six years in the community. The time is right for evaluation of the programme's results, and that is the aim of this report. - The Kia Marama programme aims to prevent relapses by teaching offenders their offending is the result of linked steps of thought and behaviour. It offers skills and strategies to break these links, and opportunities for change right from initial assessment, through treatment, to post release. - Two hundred and thirty eight men have been released from prison as graduates of Kia Marama's first three years. A control group similar to the Kia Marama offenders was selected from all sex offenders against children convicted between 1983 and 1987. Comparison of these two groups enables us to assess the impact of the Kia Marama treatment programme. - A more detailed version of this report may be requested from the authors at the Department of Corrections. Key findings - Kia Marama treatment has a significant effect. The Kia Marama group has less than half the number of re-offenders than the control group, and this remains so even when numbers of previous sexual convictions are accounted for. The Kia Marama group has a reconviction rate of 8%, with analysis suggesting a final rate of 10%. (Another five men are likely to reoffend, bringing the total from 19 to 24.) The control group has a reconviction rate of 21%, predicted to rise to 22%. - These differences in reconviction and re-imprisonment suggest the Department of Corrections has reaped net savings of more than $3 million from its treatment of 238 Kia Marama offenders, once programme costs of $2 million are offset against a gross saving of $5.6 million. Less quantifiable social savings also result from fewer offenders and fewer victims. - Comparison between 19 Kia Marama graduates who re-offended and 219 who did not shows re-offenders tend to hold attitudes supporting their offending. Their thinking is often distorted; they accept rape myths and employ impersonal sexual fantasies which are slightly more sadomasochistic. They also have more conservative attitudes to women, internalise their anger, and are less able to empathise. Those who are not reconvicted tend to give up conservative attitudes towards women, but treatment seems to reinforce these beliefs in re-offenders. - Re-offenders tend to have a lower IQ. They are less likely to report female victims, more likely to report male victims or victims of both genders. Reoffenders are almost twice as likely to say their offending began before adulthood, and they report a higher incidence of exhibitionism. They are nearly three times more likely than their non reconvicted counterparts to report the death of a parent or caregiver during childhood, and five times more likely to be judged as having a severe literacy problem. Details: Christchurch [N.Z.] : Psychological Service, Dept. of Corrections, 1998. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 8, 2017 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/665635/kiamarama.pdf Year: 1998 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Molesters Shelf Number: 148073 |
Author: Fitzharris, Andy Title: Chief Inspector's Phase Two Report into: Circumstances surrounding organised prisoner on prisoner fighting (Fight Club) and access to cell phone contraband in New Zealand prisons other than Mount Eden Corrections Facility (MECF) Summary: We analysed a total of 655 PPV incidents for the four month period 1 April 2015 to 31 July 2015 and there was no evidence that organised prisoner fighting was happening at any of the eight Corrections Services prisons we visited. There were four incidents involving prisoner sparring and conditioning reported by two prisons and these could be considered as a forerunner of organised prisoner fighting. On each occasion they were quickly identified and staff responded promptly to prevent them escalating. We recognise that there will always be elements of assaults and fighting by prisoners, and it's not always easy to prevent violent incidents from happening, even when staff are observing prisoners first hand. There were good levels of prisoner supervision apparent at each prison and recurring evidence from incident reports and interviews that staff responses are timely as soon as they became aware of situations that required their intervention. Active management of prisoners and prompt action taken by staff clearly presents as the most effective preventive control to mitigate risks of PPV situations developing into more serious incidents. There are a range of Violence Reduction Strategies in various stages of implementation across each prison. Most have been established since the 'fight club' events surfaced at MECF and present as good practice in terms of controls for PPV. We noted that prisoner access to physical training equipment has been restricted as a control at some prisons to limit options for conditioning. The extent of these restrictions needs to be balanced against reasonable access to exercise equipment for prisoner well-being. Prisoners are entitled to have access to exercise equipment however their fitness activities should be closely supervised to ensure conditioning and sparring is not happening. We were frustrated with the poor quality of incident reporting in IOMS relating to PPV and contraband cell phones. The incident reporting system is cumbersome and component categories require review to be made more user-friendly. In some cases, PPV incidents are being reported under the non-notifiable category of 'Fighting' rather than 'Assault, non-serious or Assault, no injury'. We could not confirm how widespread this practice was and suggest Corrections Services conduct a further review of incident reporting categories to determine and clarify business requirements. The capability for prison management to effectively implement gang management strategies may be compromised by inaccurate data in IOMS about individual prisoner gang membership/affiliations. This data needs to be cleaned up so that gang information on IOMS is current and reliable. Details: Wellington, NZ: Department of Corrections, 2016. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 20, 2017 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/856652/Phase_Two_Report_FINAL_REDACTED.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Prison Administration Shelf Number: 148278 |
Author: Huddleston, Matthew R. Title: Taxi drivers and the night time economy: an exploratory study on their experiences Summary: Taxi drivers perform a significant role in the transport infrastructure of towns and cities around the world. They have become a vital subsidiary industry to the night time business of bars and clubs within central city areas, a term now collectively referred to as the night time economy. However, while catering to these transport needs, overseas evidence suggests that they are at great risk of falling victim to criminal acts such as assault, robbery, and even murder. There is a need then to establish whether these findings are relevant in a New Zealand context and establish how the risk of victimisation interacted with taxi drivers' involvement in the night time economy. This research was conducted using grounded theory methodology with taxi drivers interviewed from Auckland Co-operative Taxis. A total of nine drivers were interviewed in this study. Findings indicated that taxi drivers face a number of issues as a result of their occupation. It was found that the problems drivers face occur across day and night and are only further exacerbated by working within the night time economy. Economic insecurity was a primary motivator for continued involvement within this arena and affected drivers' decisions to accept risky fares. The introduction of a working wage was identified as a potential solution to this problem, freeing drivers to make rational decisions without regard to financial necessity. Future research should investigate the experiences of drivers that operate for the smaller companies as it was put forward that they have more relaxed operating standards than those observed with Auckland Co-operative Taxis. Details: Auckland: Auckland University of Technology, 2014. 114p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed December 8, 2017 at: http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/8387 Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, Disorder Shelf Number: 148770 |
Author: Harland, Anne Title: Evaluation of Youth Offending Teams in New Zealand Summary: Youth Offending Teams (YOTs) were formed in late 2002 at the recommendation of the Youth Offending Strategy (2002). It was intended that through the YOTs, effective working relationships would be built between the four government service delivery agencies that intervene with youth offenders: Police; Child, Youth and Family; Education; and Health. The overall aim of YOTs is to co-ordinate service delivery at a local level to young offenders. There are currently 32 teams spread throughout New Zealand. The Youth Justice Leadership Group (YJLG) has been charged with overseeing the performance of YOTs and ensuring that all teams are supported to function effectively. The Youth Justice Leadership Group comprises national policy and operational managers from the Ministries of Justice, Social Development, Health and Education; the Department of Child, Youth and Family; and New Zealand Police. The Ministry of Justice provides two fulltime YOT Adviser positions to provide support and guidance to YOTs and act as a link between the YOTs and the Youth Justice Leadership Group. This report presents the findings of a process evaluation of Youth Offending Teams in New Zealand. The evaluation used both qualitative and quantitative methods to collect information about how YOTs operate, with the intention of identifying examples of best practice and opportunities for development, and useful guidelines for improving the efficiency and appropriateness of their functioning. Interviews were held with 45 key informants from seven YOTs, including both current and past YOT members. The key informants interviewed were from a range of agencies and both managers and practitioners were interviewed. In addition, a survey was sent electronically to all current YOT members. A total of 199 members completed the survey, representing a 42% response rate. A focus group discussion was held with members of the YJLG in order to gain an understanding of their views and their expectations of YOTs. A limited-focus literature review was undertaken to inform the recommendations arising from the evaluation. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Justice, 2007. 176p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 8, 2017 at: https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Publications/YOT-evaluation-report-22-Nov-for-pdf.pdf Year: 2007 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Collaboration Shelf Number: 110466 |
Author: New Zealand. Social Policy Evaluation and Research Unit Title: A process evaluation of the Children's Mentoring Programme at Pillars, Christchurch Summary: This report presents the findings of a process evaluation of the Christchurch Mentoring Programme for Children and Young People (CMP) delivered by Pillars, a charitable organisation supporting the children of prisoners. Process evaluations aim to describe and assess how a programme is designed and operates in practice, and assist stakeholder understanding of how programme outcomes are achieved. The goal of the CMP is to provide children of prisoners with experiences and relationships that will enhance their development, prevent criminal activities and promote success in education and beyond. Mentors provide individualised time and attention to the children and young people (mentees) in the programme. The vehicle of change is the relationship between the mentor and the mentee. A defining feature of the CMP is that it is delivered in conjunction with the mentee's family being supported by Pillars' Family Whānau Support Programme (FWSP). For the purpose of this evaluation it was agreed that the term 'CMP' would cover both the discrete mentoring components of the CMP (the core CMP) as well as its nexus with the FWSP (where the two programmes intersect and interweave). The evaluation approach This evaluation addressed three key evaluation questions (KEQs): 1. How well is the CMP designed to meet the needs of mentees? 2. How well is the CMP being implemented to respond to the needs of mentees? 3. How will learnings from this evaluation inform a later outcomes evaluation? Evaluative criteria were developed for each of the KEQs in consultation with Pillars staff and were used to assess the evidence gathered by the evaluation team. The evaluation was conducted in collaboration with Pillars management and staff, using mainly qualitative methods and a strengths-based, appreciative enquiry lens. A Māori responsiveness lens was used to consider the participation of Māori in the CMP. The evaluation was built around four site visits to Pillars in Christchurch between November 2015 and July 2016. Data gathering was done using a variety of methods, including key informant interviews and workshops with Pillars management and staff, a focus group with mentors, and semi-structured interviews with staff, mentors and caregivers. Findings The overall finding relating to the design of the CMP is that it is working well in parts, with work needed in other parts. The implementation of the CMP was found to be strong. Stakeholders were highly satisfied with the CMP. Recommended programme improvements are identified in four areas: articulation of the how the CMP is intended to work; identification of mentee outcomes; data; and Maori responsiveness. Details: Wellington, NZ: SUPERU, 2016. 78p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 22, 2018 at: http://superu.govt.nz/sites/default/files/Pillars%20Christchurch%20evaluation%20FINAL.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Children of Prisoners Shelf Number: 149224 |
Author: Backbone Collective Title: Seen and not Heard: Children in the New Zealand Family Court. Part One - Force Summary: Six months ago, Backbone released a report about how women who have experienced violence and abuse in their relationships are treated by the New Zealand Family Court. Our concluding remarks in that report were: 'With over 500 women saying that the New Zealand Family Court makes them and their children less safe, leaves them with multiple crippling health conditions and prevents them from rebuilding their lives (and those of their children) - surely those in authority will listen now?' Since then Backbone has made repeated calls for the establishment of a Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Family Court. But sadly, those in authority haven't listened - or if they listened they took no action. We hoped that in writing and releasing the first report the Family Court would be open to the service user feedback we were providing. However, we fear that there has been backlash for some women as they have spoken out about dangerous practices happening in their own cases. Backbone decided to conduct another survey on the Family Court - this time to find out how the Family Court responds to children when they and their mothers have experienced violence and abuse. Through this latest survey we have collected a rich and powerful set of data that is deeply troubling. What we discovered is that children fare very poorly when the Family Court is involved in their lives. Many mothers go to the Family Court for protection upon leaving an abusive partner, some get taken to the Family Court by the abuser, and some are involved in CYFs/MVCOT proceedings. Regardless of their pathway into the court we can now see that the impact on their children is overwhelmingly negative. Not only are the survey results cause for grave concern, but they take the system failures that we identified in our first Family Court report to a whole new level. All of the children in the survey have experienced violence and abuse - by seeing, hearing or knowing about the abuse of their mothers and/or by also being directly physically, sexually and/or psychologically abused. In 95% of cases the abuser was the child/ren's father. We were told about a complex array of trauma these children had suffered from the violence and abuse prior to separation. We were told about the many fears the children had about having contact with their abusive father post separation - with good justification based on the ranges of things mothers described happening at his house. In more than half the cases either the children or their mother told professionals working in the Family Court about the worries they had at the abuser's house but in the majority of cases those worries were not reported accurately to the Court or taken into consideration when care and contact orders were made. Most children are ordered into unsupervised care and contact with the abuser but the range of care arrangements is vast. However, of incredible significance is that when we compared how much time the Family Court is ordering children into care and contact with abusers against how much time the children say they WANT to spend with him - there is a big difference. Children want control over how much time they spend with the abuser and many want no contact at all. We were told that 54% of the children are being forced into care and contact arrangements that they do not want. These 'forced' children are significantly more worried about what happens at the abuser's house (sexual, physical and psychological safety issues) than children who were not forced. Similarly, we looked at the children who refused to attend care and contact visits with their abusive father - they had almost the same levels of worry as the 'forced' children. Therefore, the million-dollar question is why would the Family Court order/force children into the care of abusers with a known history of violence and abuse, when the children are scared of them and have told professionals working in the court that they feel unsafe when alone in the care of their abusive father? It appears that the Family Court is making care and contact orders in the absence of best practice in violence and abuse cases. For example, only 2.2% of mothers told us a risk assessment to determine the risk of dangerousness and lethality had been undertaken in their case. To be making care and contact orders for children who have experienced violence and abuse without any evidence based risk assessment is clear evidence of system failure - the Family Court is out of step with international best practice and the New Zealand Government's position on this: 'The government is committed to reducing family violence, keeping victims safe, and managing perpetrators more effectively so all New Zealanders can live free from violence. We know that identifying risk, intervening earlier and in a more coordinated way is critical to achieving this.'2 In the absence of any risk assessment the Family Court is characterising mothers who raise genuine safety concerns for their children as 'parental alienators'. Both this and our earlier Family Court survey found that professionals in the Family Court use 'parental alienation' or similar terms in nearly half of all cases. Children are not being believed about their experiences of violence an abuse, evidence of it occurring is being disregarded in the court and mothers are being blamed for their children's fears for their safety. Unfortunately, in many cases, the care and contact orders result in terrible health impacts for these children. We were told about a range of health impacts mothers attribute to Family Court proceedings and orders, including physical, psychological, social and behavioural impacts. The list of health impacts mothers detailed are heartbreaking. We found that the health of children of Māori mothers is impacted worse in some areas and this definitely requires further investigation. Backbone also found that the Family Court deems only a very small percentage of abusive men as unsafe to have contact with their children (or step children). Men who are most likely to be designated 'unsafe' by the Family Court are men with a Protection Order against this partner or a previous or subsequent partner, who have been charged with assaulting their child/ren physically or sexually or where the abuser was a step-father. For most of the 63 children involved in these cases the Family Court has ordered that they have no contact at all with the abuser, although some have supervised contact. Surprisingly we found that even though the fathers/step fathers of these 63 children are clearly very dangerous and these children have been exposed to some serious violence and abuse before their parents separated, once they separated and when protected appropriately by the Family Court, these children appear to have had far fewer damaging health impacts that those children whose abusive father was deemed as being 'safe' by the Family Court. Backbone is firmly of the view that the New Zealand Family Court is acting contrary to the legislation which should guide the way we respond to children. The Care of Children Act 2004 says that children MUST be protected from violence. Why then are hundreds of children being ordered by the Family Court directly into violent situations? These children are suffering at the hands of a largely tax payer funded system. These children are being ordered into dangerous situations by the very agencies and institutions that have been set up and funded by the state to protect them. New Zealand now has a new Government and Backbone's 1100 members hope they will see that constitutionally a Royal Commission of Inquiry is the only mechanism that can safely, effectively and fully investigate the practices of the Family Court. There is simply too much to lose by remaining silent on the issue of child safety in New Zealand. We rank the worst in the Western World in terms of violence against women statistics and child abuse and neglect. If we don't start improving the way we respond to these social problems we will only compound the damage done. Details: s.l.: The Collective, 2017. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 20, 2018 at:https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57d898ef8419c2ef50f63405/t/5a3171c59140b743f5abbe36/1513189837189/Seen+and+not+Heard+Children+in+the+Family+Court+%281%29.pdf Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Protection Shelf Number: 149531 |
Author: Backbone Collective Title: Out of the Frying Pan and into the Fire: Women's experiences of the New Zealand Family Court Summary: The report, Out of the Frying Pan into the Fire (2017), is based on an online survey of 612 women who had experienced violence and abuse. 496 of those women had used the Family Court. The report notes that the Family Court is a critical part of the response system that women may rely on for protection and further safety following separation from an abusive partner. However the report states, "The women who participated in this survey reported serious negative outcomes from being involved with the New Zealand Family Court. ... Women told us that the Family Court actively undermined their and their children's safety in a multitude of ways. They described the Family Court as somewhere where their experience of violence and abuse was not believed, was minimized and not responded to, where their abuser was seen as safe and any risk to them and their children was neither assessed nor considered. Some women talked about experiencing discrimination and Māori women reported racism. Women went to the Family Court often seeking protection for themselves and their children but once their found that their children were not listened to and were subsequently placed in unsafe situations. Women told us of being wrongly accused of a range of things that impacted negatively on decisions being made about them and their children's lives." Key findings of this Family Court survey include: Wāhine Māori experienced racism and found that cultural beliefs and practices are not comprehended in the Family Court. 417 women said their experience of violence and abuse was not believed or responded to, was minimised, or was not accepted into evidence. 83% of women said the Family Court treated their abuser as safe. 58% of women attending Family Court-related appointments, fixtures, or hearings have been threatened, intimidated, or physically assaulted by their abuser. 93% of women do not feel psychologically or physically safe when the Family Court forces or coerces them into joint activities with their abuser. 155 women said the Family Court had forced their child/ren to spend time with the abuser. All of these women were worried about their child's safety while in the abuser's care. 107 women have been denied a support person in court or mediation. 120 women have been ordered by the Family Court not to talk to their child about the violence and abuse - thereby forcing women and children to pretend their trauma does not exist. 84 women have been ordered by the Family Court not to talk to others about what is happening to them in the Family Court. 50% of the 'gagging orders' against women were initiated by the Judge or the Lawyer for Child. 93% of women have suffered negative health impacts because of how they have been treated during Family Court proceedings. 9% of women have been involved in Family Court proceedings for between 7 and 22 years. Women are up to $500,000 in debt due to having to fund their Family Court proceedings. Given the consistent and "overwhelmingly negative feedback" from so many women, the Backbone Collective is calling for a Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Family Court. The authors state: "A Royal Commission of Inquiry is the only forum where the women and their families or whanau would feel sufficiently safe to tell their stories, where witnesses with specialist insights into the workings of the Family Court could share their views in confidence and where all their court documents (transcripts, reports, minutes and orders) and procedures can be independently reviewed." The report notes that the overall purpose of the Backbone Collective is to enable women to safely tell the Government, the media, and the public about how the 'system' responded to them when they experienced violence and abuse, and how they need it to respond in order to be safe and rebuild their lives. Details: s.l.: The Collective, 2017. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed March 27, 2018 at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57d898ef8419c2ef50f63405/t/59386e6a15d5db8350f9157f/1496870522432/Family+Violence+Survey+report+080617+-+embargoed+until+1am+Thursday+%281%29.pdf Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 149582 |
Author: Yesberg, Julia Title: Exploring Mechanisms of Change in the Rehabilitation of High-Risk Offenders Summary: The success or failure of many different types of treatment is often measured by one type of outcome. For example, treatment for substance abuse might be judged to have failed if a patient "goes on a bender" some time after completing the programme. The same is true for offender rehabilitation. Treatment success or failure is usually determined by whether or not an offender is reconvicted of a new offence in a specified follow-up period. We know from the literature that offender rehabilitation can have modest but significant effects on reducing recidivism. Yet we know little about what brings about these reductions (i.e., how the treatment worked). This thesis explores possible mechanisms of change in offender rehabilitation. I propose that although a reduction in recidivism is an important long-term outcome of treatment, there are a number of additional outcomes that have the potential to explain not only if but how treatment works and why it is unsuccessful in leading to a reduction in reoffending for some offenders. Study 1 is a typical outcome evaluation of New Zealand's rehabilitation programmes for high-risk male offenders: the High Risk Special Treatment Units (HRSTUs). I compared the recidivism rates of a sample of HRSTU completers with a comparison sample of high-risk offenders who had not completed the programme (a between-subjects design). I found that relative to the comparison group, treatment completers had significantly lower rates of four different indices of recidivism, varying in severity. The remainder of the thesis explored possible mechanisms of change within the HRSTU sample (a within-subjects design). Study 2 examined immediate outcomes of treatment, which I defined as within-treatment change on dynamic risk factors. I found that offenders made significant change on the Violence Risk Scale during treatment, but there was no significant relationship between treatment change and recidivism. Studies 3 and 4 examined intermediate outcomes of treatment, which I defined as barriers (risk factors) and facilitators (protective factors) that influence the process of offender re-entry. Study 3 validated an instrument designed to measure these factors: the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR). I found that the tool had good convergent validity and reliably predicted recidivism above a static risk estimate. Study 4 used the newly validated DRAOR to test an explanation for the lack of a direct relationship between treatment change and recidivism. I tested whether treatment change had an indirect relationship with recidivism through its influence on the re-entry process. I found that treatment change was related to a number of re-entry outcomes; however, only two models could be tested for mediation because the re-entry outcomes themselves lacked predictive ability. Nevertheless, findings from Study 4 suggest the re-entry process is an area worthy of further investigation. Taken together, the findings from this thesis highlight the importance of considering alternative treatment outcomes in addition to whether or not a programme leads to a reduction in long-term recidivism outcomes. Answering the question of how treatment works requires an exploration into possible mechanisms of change. This thesis was only a preliminary investigation into such mechanisms; however, the findings have both practical and theoretical implications for the way we conceptualise how treatment programmes work. Developing a greater understanding of mechanisms of change in offender rehabilitation has the potential to lead to the design and delivery of more effective programmes Details: Wellington, NZ: Victoria University of Wellington, 2015. 229p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 17, 2018 at: http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/4300/thesis.pdf?sequence=2 Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Offender Reentry Shelf Number: 150253 |
Author: Goemann, Melissa Title: New Zealand's Youth Justice Transformation: Lessons for the United States Summary: New Zealand is a leader in the use of restorative justice practices in their youth justice system. The country dramatically downsized their youth justice system through groundbreaking legislation which incorporated rehabilitation as the system's fundamental focus. Today over 75% of youth who come in contact with the police are handled through police warnings or diversion. We spent time analyzing their justice transformation process -- including their successes and challenges -- and have translated these findings into important lessons for the U.S. The lessons include: the need to legislate limits around arrest and charging; diverting as many youth as possible; using restorative justice processes for handling youth with more serious cases; and placing those most harmed by the system must at the forefront of changing it. Details: Washington, D.C.: The National Juvenile Justice Network, 2018. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 4, 2018 at: Accessed June 4, 2018 at: http://www.njjn.org/uploads/digital-library/New%20Zealand's%20Youth%20Justice%20Transformation%20--%20Lessons%20for%20the%20United%20States_4.26.18..pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Juvenile Diversion Shelf Number: 150463 |
Author: Gluckman, Peter Title: Using evidence to build a better justice system: The challenge of rising prison costs Summary: 1. Crime, especially violent crime, hurts individuals and society. Both direct and indirect victims of crime may suffer untold consequences that can endure for years and can even affect next generations. Those who do not suffer personally may nonetheless acquire negative perceptions of people or places because of criminal activity. The net effect of such perceptions can change societal attitudes creating a more negative environment. This is a loss for everyone. These perceptions can be disproportionately magnified by advocacy groups, media and political agendas. 2. Policy responses are often viewed in binary terms: tough or soft on crime. This simplistic duality has long had political resonance, but its impact on our prison system is a major concern. The New Zealand prison population is increasing and is one of the highest in the OECD at a time when crime rates are actually decreasing. This can only be explained by the systemic and cumulative impact of successive policy decisions over time, often in response to public demand and political positioning. 3. Successive governments of different political orientations have supported a progressively retributive rather than a restorative approach to crime with unsupported claims that prisons can solve the problems of crime. As a result, the costs of prisons far exceed those justified by the need to protect the public. We keep imprisoning more people in response to dogma not data, responding to shifting policies and media panics, instead of evidence-based approaches to prevention, intervention, imprisonment and rehabilitation. This does not diminish the importance of incarceration for a subset of individuals so as to protect the public. 4. The strong evidence base related to what fuels the prison 'pipeline' suggests that prisons are extremely expensive training grounds for further offending, building offenders' criminal careers by teaching them criminal skills, damaging their employment, accommodation and family prospects, and compounding mental health and substance use issues. On release, even after a short period of imprisonment, for example on remand, offenders have been found to reintegrate poorly to the community. Furthermore, this does nothing to reassure victims that the risk of harm is being effectively managed by the justice system. 5. It is now well understood that prisons act as recruitment centres for gangs (especially for young offenders) and underpin the illegal drug trade. Imprisonment leaves those incarcerated with high rates of undiagnosed and untreated alcohol/drug addictions and mental illness. They have a negative impact on the next generation, given that a high percentage of people in prison are parents. These issues disproportionately affect Māori. 6. Other countries, such as Finland, have significantly reduced their incarceration rates without crime rates rising. There is strong scientific evidence for putting resources into crime prevention, early intervention (identifying and mitigating risk), and a smarter approach to rehabilitation and subsequent social inclusion for those already in the criminal-justice system - not for building more prisons. 7. To assist in such an approach, there must be adequate investment in piloting and evaluating early intervention and prevention initiatives. With leadership and knowledge, we can fundamentally transform the justice system, reduce victimisation and recidivism and make prisons only a part of a much more proactive and effective systemic response to a complex problem. Details: Auckland, NZ: Office of the Prime Minister's Chief Science Advisor, 2018. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 5, 2018 at: http://www.pmcsa.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/Using-evidence-to-build-a-better-justice-system.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Costs of Corrections Shelf Number: 150471 |
Author: Lamble, Ian Title: It's never too early, never too late: A discussion paper on preventing youth offending in New Zealand Summary: Executive Summary 1. The number of offenders in the youth-justice system is decreasing. Much of what the youth-justice system is doing is seen as effective and innovative, but we need to prevent young people engaging with the youth-justice system in the first place. This is a discussion paper with the purpose of using findings from current science to prompt informed reflection on issues related to youth justice in New Zealand. This Executive Summary raises issues that are further discussed and referenced in the main body of the report. 2. Victims of crime need support and trauma-recovery services. Before they start offending, most such children and young people have experienced high rates of criminal abuse, neglect and violence, often from infancy, and have also been witnesses to crime and violence - they need support and trauma-recovery services before offending begins. 3. Understanding youth offending. Those aged 15 to 24 years (14% of the population) account for as much as 40% of criminal-justice apprehensions. Those aged 17 to 24 years offend more than all other age groups. Scientific evidence is showing that adolescent development extends into the mid-20s. As a result, factors such as peer influence (heightened by the use of social media), impulsive risk-taking, lack of self-regulation, lack of awareness of the consequences of one's actions and psycho-social immaturity all contribute to this bulge. And for young offenders, these issues are compounded by their experiences of abuse, trauma, victimisation and disadvantage. Responses different from those required for prepubertal children or mature adults are needed, as this age-group can be particularly hard for many state agencies to work with. 4. Use developmental crime prevention. The developmental, social, community and family environments, and intra-family and social relationships of children and young people, have a major impact on their potential for offending and need to be addressed early, by families, friends, neighbours, communities, and across education, health, cultural and social services. This is the essence of "developmental crime prevention". The younger the child at intervention, the more effective it is likely to be. 5. Get children off the prison pipeline. There are evidence-based steps to get young people off the "prison pipeline", the seemingly inevitable journey from early offending to eventual adult prison. Developmental crime prevention views the prison pipeline - and the chance to change the trajectory - as beginning with the previous generation (e.g., parents who have experienced violence and trauma and are in the justice system) and extending from birth through countless opportunities to support non-criminal environments and lives. 6. Work on the risks shown in NZ's own longitudinal studies. Robust evidence of risk-creating and protective factors for the development of severely challenging behaviour (an early step on the pathway to offending) is well-established, including from NZ's world-leading longitudinal studies, from birth to middle age, in Christchurch and Dunedin. This includes the effects of poverty, disadvantage and trauma (such as violence, abuse and neglect) on children's offending. Family and extended family/whānau are at the heart of a child's world and need to be supported to foster each child's development and well-being. 7. Scale-up evidence-based programmes and also evaluate local cultural solutions. Wellbeing and resilience can be broadly fostered for all, from infancy throughout early childhood education and school, with more targeted support then applied as soon as issues are detected. There are individual, family, school and community programmes with a strong evidence base for effectiveness; many have been adapted for New Zealanders but have been only partially adopted and therefore need to be scaled up. Culturally appropriate research also needs to be supported so as to evaluate introduced programmes and locally targeted solutions. Details: Auckland, NZ: Office of the Prime Minister's Chief Science Advisor, 2018. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 19, 2018 at: http://www.pmcsa.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/Discussion-paper-on-preventing-youth-offending-in-NZ.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: At-risk Youth Shelf Number: 150577 |
Author: Pacheco, Edgar Title: New Zealand Teens and Digital Harm: Statistical insights into experiences, impact and response Summary: This report presents the findings of a nationally representative study whose purpose was to explore the experiences, attitudes, and behaviours of New Zealand teens about digital communications including harm and/or distress. It was conducted by Netsafe in partnership with the Ministry for Women (the Ministry). While there is growing interest in examining young people's experiences and use of digital technologies, including the challenges and risks teens face, evidence based on representative data in the New Zealand context has been unavailable. The study focuses on the prevalence of New Zealand teens' experiences with a range of unwanted digital communications1 in the previous year and the impact these experiences had on them, both emotionally and in carrying out everyday life activities. It also describes teens' responses, the effectiveness of their coping actions, and to whom they would turn for help in the future. The study reveals distinctive differences regarding experiences of harm and/or distress through unwanted digital communications among different sub-groups of the population surveyed. More noticeable are the varying experiences in the context of gender, with girls being more likely to experience disruptions in their everyday life activities and an emotional toll because of unwanted digital communications. These insights are consistent with key findings from Insights into Digital Harm: The Online Lives of New Zealand Girls and Boys, a qualitative study released last year by the Ministry in collaboration with Netsafe. Similar patterns have been identified in the context of participants' ethnicity, disability and age. The research technique for data collection was an online survey conducted with a sample of 1,001 New Zealand teens aged 14-17 years old and distributed on key demographic variables such as age, gender, disability, ethnicity and location. Fieldwork was conducted in the third term of the 2017 school year. Data collection and initial analysis was carried out by Colmar Brunton. Strict procedures were followed to ensure the protection of participants' privacy and confidentiality. The margin of error of this study is +/- 3.1% on total results. As digital technologies continue to evolve, so too will the ways young people engage with them. Further research will be required to fully explain new dimensions of the complex nature of teens' and children's interaction with their online environment. We believe government agencies, online content and service providers, law enforcement, the research community, and the general public will find this report useful. The findings can contribute to the development of policies and practices that are intended to support New Zealand teens to safely take advantage of the benefits of digital technologies and online environments. Details: Wellington, NZ: Netsafe, 2018. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed June 19, 2018 at: https://www.netsafe.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/NZ-teens-and-digital-harm_statistical-insights_2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Digital Harm Shelf Number: 150578 |
Author: Social Policy Evaluation and Research Unit (superu) Title: Improving Outcomes for Children of Gang-Involved Parents Summary: What we know - Children of gang-involved parents are at greater risk of child abuse, neglect and witnessing violence between their parents. - Almost a quarter of children of gang-involved parents are known to the youth justice system in New Zealand. - Children of gang-involved parents are more likely to join a gang and often describe a sense of fatalism about their own gang involvement. - It is likely that children growing up in a gang-involved family are more exposed to family risk factors known to be associated with poor life outcomes. What works or is promising - Comprehensive approaches that acknowledge the broader socio-economic context of the communities in which gangs form and develop are most likely to work. - Evaluations of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) Comprehensive Gang Model, developed in the United States, showed that when the model is well implemented it helps reduce both youth gang violence and drug-related offences. - Parenting and mentoring interventions targeting parents of youth gang members and youth at risk of joining a gang are increasingly being used to deal with youth gang membership and offending. Parenting programmes may be less effective where the parents are associated with gangs themselves. - Approaches to dealing with Ma-ori gangs are more likely to be effective if they actively engage wha-nau. Three community-based initiatives using this approach appear promising. What doesn't work - Single-faceted approaches (eg, focused on one of prevention, intervention or suppression) are not effective for tackling gang issues. Suppression (eg, policing, legislation, incarceration) has been found to be largely ineffective. What we dont know - We know little about the direct impacts, particularly the long-term impacts, of growing up in a gang-related household on children's health, education and employment outcomes and criminality in adulthood. - Based on the current evidence we cannot say there is a causal association between having a gang-involved parent and negative life outcomes for children. - A large proportion of gang members are in prison at any given time. A Superu What Works paper, Improving outcomes for children with a parent in prison suggests there may be negative impacts associated with having a parent in prison. We know little about the impacts on children of having their gang-involved parent (usually father) in prison. Details: Wellington, NZ: superu, 2015. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 26, 2018 at: http://www.superu.govt.nz/sites/default/files/Children%20of%20Gang-Involved%20Parents.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand Keywords: At-Risk Youth Shelf Number: 150700 |
Author: Nadesu, Arul Title: Reconviction patterns of released prisoners: A 60-months follow-up analysis Summary: Reducing re-offending is an important objective for most correctional services. As such, measures of recidivism, particularly reconviction and re-imprisonment rates, are key indicators of organisational performance. The current study is intended to assist the Department of Corrections in meeting its strategic objectives. In addition to providing straightforward data on recidivism, it is hoped also that the study will be a valuable reference tool for those interested in correctional trends and issues, and will inform discussions on improving New Zealand's correctional system. The data presented here are based on the "recidivism index" (RI) methodology used in the Department of Corrections' annual reporting of reconviction. This method quantifies the rate of reconviction and re-imprisonment for specified sub-groups of offenders, over follow-up periods of defined length, after release from a custodial sentence, or following commencement of a community sentence or order. Conviction and sentencing data is obtained from the Ministry of Justice's Case Management System (CMS) database. This report summarises patterns of reconviction and re-imprisonment amongst almost 5000 offenders who were released from prison during the 12 months period 1 April 2002 to 31 March 2003. The same cohort of offenders was the subject of previous reports in this series, which provided reconviction and re-imprisonment rates within 36-months and 48-months follow-up periods . The current report provides similar data, but now with a 60-months follow-up period: that is, figures represent reconvictions for offences that occurred within 60 months of each individual offender's release date (up to 31 March 2008). Recidivism figures are produced for two potential outcomes: reconvictions leading to any sentence administered by the Department of Corrections (community-based or prison), and reconviction leading solely to a term of imprisonment. Imprisonment figures are generally considered the more critical of the two measures, as this outcome is associated with more serious offences and higher costs of sentence administration. Recidivism figures exclude reconvictions which do not result in sentences administered by the Department (fines, convicted and discharged, etc). These figures also exclude re-sentences for breaches of community sentences or recalls to prison for breaches of parole conditions. In summary all reconvictions data presented here should be interpreted as restricted to convictions for a new offence resulting in imprisonment or a community-based sentence. It is also important to note that most of the figures here represent any reconviction or re-imprisonment during the 60-months follow-up period: some of the individuals re-imprisoned may have had multiple, successive terms of imprisonment during that period. However, in places the report also provides information on multiple re-imprisonments of categories of offenders during the 60-months follow-up period. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Department of Corrections, 2009. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 12, 2018 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/672764/Complete-Recidivism-Report-2009-DOC.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Recidivism Shelf Number: 116537 |
Author: Malungahu, Gemma Title: Family Violence Initiatives and Pacific Men: Literature Review Summary: Key Findings: Despite a lack of initiatives globally and nationally that specifically target Pacific men, other initiatives that target mainstream and Indigenous men were reviewed in the findings. These provided new insights into the kinds of approaches and types of initiatives that can be used and adapted for Pacific men in New Zealand - The benefits derived from a Feminist approach (emphasising the importance of women's rights and enabling the voices of women and children), an Indigenous approach (decolonisation, restoration and reclamation of traditions and values) and a Pacific approach (that addresses the effects of migration, displacement and loss of traditional support structures that take into consideration the heterogeneity between Pacific ethnic groups) can be used together as an overarching approach to inform violence prevention initiatives for Pacific males in New Zealand - The focus of practices should be informed by these approaches and, at the same time, ensure that there is an equal balance of practices that focus on violence prevention, cultural appropriateness, engagement of men and Pacific-specific needs - The inclusion of all these practices in any initiative is essential. Prioritising any one of these practices at the expense of the others would hinder access by Pacific men. Details: Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Social Development, 2013. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 16, 2018 at: https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/research/pacific/msd-literaturereview-report-18-v4.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Abusive Men Shelf Number: 151141 |
Author: Havea, Sesimani Title: Tongan ethnic-specific approaches to family restoration - Scholarship Research Report Summary: This report explores how an indigenous Tongan faith based programme, Kainga Tu'umalie (Prosperous families) combined with indigenous Tongan cultural knowledge can prevent family violence from occurring, and heal and restore families where violence is present. The report emphasises the need for further research about the usefulness of faith based approaches to family violence. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Ministry of Social Development, 2016. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 16, 2018 at: https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/research/pacific/msd-tongan-report-18-v4.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Faith-Based Programs Shelf Number: 151142 |
Author: Nelson, Pamela Title: Young People's Experience of Post-Separation Fathering Where the Father has been Violent to the Mother Summary: My intention in undertaking this research was to examine young people's experiences of living with their father following parental separation where their father has been violent to their mother. To date there is little knowledge of children's post-separation experiences of fathering or of the parenting abilities of partner abusive men. This study takes a feminist approach and is informed by scholarship on family issues, childhood studies and the sociology of the child. The study was guided by hermeneutic phenomenology and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Twenty young people aged 18 to 26 took part in the study and face to face interviews were carried out over a one year period. The findings revealed that some fathers were overly punitive in their parenting style with a number of fathers continuing to be physically and/or emotionally abusive to their children. Authoritarian or permissive parenting practices were also identified and a number of fathers were shown to be neglectful, making little effort to bond with their children or provide quality care. In cases where fathers were unable to accept the breakup and move on this was also shown to have an adverse effect on their ability to parent effectively including an inability to co-operate with children's mothers. In contrast, the majority of mothers were shown to be central to children's lives undertaking most of the caring responsibilities. Mothers also recognised children's changing needs as they grew older, encouraged autonomy, and contributed to children's social development and maturity by trusting their judgement. However, this was not necessarily a protective factor against difficulties that participants have experienced as young adults. A time-share or full-time arrangement was revealed as being the most problematic for children although weekend contact could also pose a risk where pre-separation violence towards children had been severe. The study concluded that a safe outcome for children will require a shift away from a father's right to contact, emphasising instead children's right to a life free from abuse. Details: Wellington, NZ: Victoria University of Wellington, 2017. 292p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed September 4, 2018 at: https://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/6224/thesis.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Abusive Men Shelf Number: 151336 |
Author: Mitchell, Lindsay Title: Imprisonment and Family Structure: What is the Evidence Telling us? Summary: A wealth of research has investigated associations between family structure and adverse outcomes, but surprisingly little has investigated prisoners childhood family backgrounds. At September 2017, New Zealand prisons held a total of 10,470 individuals. This is an historic high. The imprisonment rate has grown steeply in the last 40 years. If people were locked up today for those crimes worthy of imprisonment in the first half of last century (drunkenness and vagrancy for instance) our current rate would be significantly higher. In most respects (a notable exception being family violence) it has become much harder to get into prison but the numbers who do continue to escalate. Maori make up around half of the current prison population but only 15 percent of the general population. This overrepresentation is however a relatively recent development influenced by rapid urbanisation and the loss of whanau support systems. Urbanisation also gave rise to gangs, which account for 30 percent of the prison population and whose members have higher recidivism rates. A sharp increase in unmarried births during the 1960s correlates markedly with a later rise in the imprisonment rate. Ex-nuptial births made up 79 percent of total Maori births in 2017. For non-Maori, the corresponding figure was 34 percent. Prison over-representation of indigenous and non-indigenous minorities occurs in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia. African-American, Canadian native, Afro-Caribbean and Australian Aboriginal populations all feature high rates of one-parent families. New Zealand does not routinely collect data about the childhood backgrounds of prison inmates. But data from other developed nations shows a majority of prisoners are raised by one parent, one-parent and step-parent(s), grand-parent(s) or in state care. A minority grew up with both natural parents. A number of studies have found that growing up with a step-parent (or serial step-parents) is a particular risk factor for later incarceration. Biological parents appear to provide a protective role which replacement parents do not. The strongest predictor for imprisonment is growing up in state care. Several researchers have shown that family factors-in particular, family structure-have greater impact on future risk of criminal offending than socioeconomic factors, albeit the two are closely intertwined. New Zealand birth cohort data shows a strong flow from being known to Child, Youth and Family (CYF) as a child to becoming a Department of Corrections 'client' later in life. Analysis of two 1980s birth cohorts found 69 percent of incarcerated adults and 83 percent of teenage prisoners had a CYF record. One of the strongest correlates for substantiated findings of child abuse or neglect by CYF, second only to having spent more than 80% of time on a welfare benefit, is being born to a single mother. Prison studies repeatedly find high incidence of childhood maltreatment amongst inmates, especially female. A pronounced risk factor for becoming a prisoner is having a family member who is or has been incarcerated; especially a father. Inter-generational imprisonment has been identified in New Zealand, more strongly among Maori. Coincidental to this is the documented increased likelihood that very young Maori men will also be fathers, anecdotally, to multiple children. Further, female multi partner fertility is also associated with father imprisonment. Evidence of bias against Maori in the justice system is not disputed. Maori over-representation in prison is also a facet of ethnic self-identification and/or identification by prison administration. Institutionalisation, or habituation and dependence on the prison environment, is a surrogate for a properly functioning family that transforms children into adults able to cope in the real world. The short term outlook for reducing prison numbers is not promising. While there is growing activist and academic clamour for the new government to stop the Waikeria prison build, a softening of policy to ease prisoner numbers as serious, violent crime worsens is politically difficult. The long term outlook is mixed. If New Zealand does not want to keep building more prisons it needs to look to the children who are potentially tomorrows offenders, and eventually, inmates. This includes acknowledging the role family plays. Campaigns are fought against obesity, tobacco, road speed, child poverty-to name a few. But there is no public messaging about the critical importance of parental commitment to each other and their child. The community is a poor substitute for caring, committed parents. In 2017, no parental relationship details were recorded in 17 percent of registered births. For Māori children, the figure more than doubles to 35 percent. Government departments such as Treasury, Justice and the Ministry of Social Development have repeatedly pointed to the known trajectory from birth to prison which is commonly characterised by birth to a young, poorly educated, isolated mother; exposure to multiple stepparents; parental substance abuse and protracted benefit dependence. Even without specific New Zealand data relating to the childhood family structure of prisoners, Corrections has identified that the pathway to prison inevitably involves a mother who is young, has little education, is from a disadvantaged family of origin where she received little care and affection, is, or has been, substance dependent, is socially isolated and without family connections, and finally has a number of male partners in a serial fashion. Thereafter key risk factors include, "social isolation of the child, harsh and erratic discipline, changes of father figure, and changes of dwelling place. By primary school entry the child on a trajectory to adult offending will show conduct disorder-which is a pattern of regular breaking of major rules in all settings, school, home and community-and frequent defiance of authority." The trajectory description grimly continues through the life stages eventually concluding with, "Many serious adult offenders will be supported in institutions or on welfare for the greater part of their adult lives" though optimistically notes that the prospects of rehabilitation "never reach zero." There are some positive developments though. The sharply declining Maori and non-Maori teenage birth rates since 2008 offer cause for optimism. A trend towards permanent child placement as opposed to moving children back and forth between birth whanau and foster care should also yield positive results, though the approach remains controversial. Home visitation programmes to young mothers show improved outcomes for at-risk children (though this may be too late for babies suffering foetal neurological damage due to maternal substance or alcohol abuse.) Internationally, specialised male prison units focused on family and fathering are not only reducing recidivism but producing other positive outcomes such as climbing school attendance rates amongst the children of inmates. There is also New Zealand evidence mother-with-baby prison facilities and Maori Focus Units lower reoffending rates. This paper draws conclusions from the available evidence, much of it international. Ideally New Zealand would collect actual data regarding inmates childhood family backgrounds. However, the wealth of statistical information now being assembled by Treasury makes such an undertaking somewhat redundant. Without personal testimony we know that most prisoners, as children, have been abused or neglected, were born to single parents (probably with subsequent partners), were heavily reliant on welfare incomes and had poorly educated mothers. Often little, or nothing, is known about their fathers. This report is not an attack on single mothers. Strong parental attachment generally mitigates the many disadvantages their children face. But while too many children continue to be born into high-risk circumstances-to unstable, uneducated and unsupported single parents-there is little prospect, all else being equal, of a diminishing imprisonment rate any time soon. Details: Manukau City, New Zealand: Family First New Zealand, 2018. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 7, 2018 at: https://www.familyfirst.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Imprisonment-and-Family-Structure-What-is-the-Evidence-Telling-Us-2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Family Structure Shelf Number: 151437 |
Author: Social Policy Evaluation and Research Unit (superu) Title: What Works for Children Exposed to Family Violence? Summary: This What Works synthesises international evidence with information about current services provided in New Zealand for children exposed to family violence. It makes recommendations for policymakers directing new investment, and for practitioners delivering services for these children. International evidence shows that the best interventions for children exposed to family violence: - include therapeutic work for both children and their non-abusive parent - focus on strengthening relationships between children and their non-abusive parent - are informed by knowledge about how trauma affects children - address each child's individual needs - are delivered as early as possible and by highly qualified staff We surveyed New Zealands current providers of services for children exposed to family violence and found that interventions focus on advocating for children's needs, and educating children and parents about violence and its effects. Services offer a safe space for children to be heard and are perceived as approachable by clients. Specific activities such as practical tools, resources and therapeutic activities are particularly valuable. Current responses in New Zealand are targeted at children who are direct victims of physical abuse, with no differential response for those who are exposed to violence in other ways. Interventions for children exposed to family violence are crucial for interrupting inter-generational patterns of violence and creating long-term change. The present political context of social investment and the establishment of the Ministry for Vulnerable Children - Oranga Tamariki presents an opportunity to establish new evidence-based interventions in New Zealand for children exposed to family violence. Details: New Zealand: Social Policy and Research Unit, 2017. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 8, 2018 at: http://www.superu.govt.nz/sites/default/files/What%20Works%20for%20Children%20Exposed%20to%20Family%20Violence_Superu.pdf Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Children Shelf Number: 151451 |
Author: Breetzke, G Title: Post-Earthquake Analysis of Crime and Alcohol Outlets in Christchurch Summary: This report examines the impacts on and relationships between alcohol outlets and crime patterns in post-quake Christchurch between 2009 and 2014. The analysis examines the spatial distribution of alcohol outlets before and after the Christchurch earthquakes, and looks at how the clustering of alcohol outlets changed and how these changes are related to socio-demographic factors in neighbourhoods. Findings include neighbourhoods that experienced an increase in alcohol outlet density were, on average, younger; had more foreign-born residents; more likely to be unpartnered and had a more mobile population. Analysis of six neighbourhoods with high alcohol outlet density suggests that there were some differences in post-quake period crime trends in these areas from crime trends in the city as a whole. Details: New Zealand: Health Promotion Agency, 2018. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 8, 2018 at: https://www.hpa.org.nz/research-library/research-publications/post-earthquake-analysis-of-crime-and-alcohol-outlets-in-christchurch-report Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alcohol Outlets Shelf Number: 151452 |
Author: Milne, Sandra Title: Economic Abuse in New Zealand: Towards an Understanding and Response Summary: The Good Shepherd network aims to create an emotionally, physically and economically safe world, especially for women and girls. As such, we are interested in, and work with women to build, their security and wellbeing as an essential foundation for a woman's full participation in life. Violence against women is an issue that every country is trying to address, and ultimately eliminate. Reportedly, one in three New Zealand women experiences physical and/or sexual violence from a partner, known as intimate partner violence (IPV), in their lifetime (Aviva). Approximately half of all homicides in New Zealand are family violence-related, and, per capita, this family violence homicide rate is more than twice that of Australia, Canada, or the United Kingdom. Economic insecurity is one of the key reasons many people do not feel they are able to leave violent relationships, and why some may return to violent partners. Economic insecurity is not only a consequence of family violence, but is itself a form of family violence (as economic or financial abuse)(Corrie, 2016). Economic abuse is a specific type of family violence that is "causing or attempting to cause an individual to become financially dependent on another person, by obstructing their access to or control over resources and/or independent economic activity (UN Women, 2012)." Economic abuse is often, but not always, part of a pattern of abusive control that incorporates other forms of intimate partner violence (IPV), including physical, sexual and psychological. However, awareness of economic abuse in New Zealand is quite low, and it has only recently been added to the legislative definition of family violence. This study considers economic abuse, specifically as a form of IPV where men perpetrate violence against women, within the New Zealand context. The purpose of this report is to contribute to a common understanding of economic abuse and grow the knowledge in this area to support effective, evidence-based policy and practice responses. Details: Abbotsford, VIC: Good Shepherd Australia New Zealand, 2018. 90p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 3, 2018 at: http://goodshepherd.org.nz/newsmedia/good-shepherd-nz-research-economic-abuse-in-new-zealand/ Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Abusive Men Shelf Number: 151643 |
Author: Appleton-Dyer, Sarah Title: Report on the 2016 Mates & Dates Survey. Report for the Violence Prevention Portfolio at ACC Summary: This report presents the findings from an online survey of New Zealand high school students who participated in Mates & Dates between 2015 and 2016. Mates & Dates is a school-based programme designed to teach young people skills to support healthy relationships, and prevent sexual and dating violence. The programme is currently delivered by 14 providers to 57 schools across Aotearoa New Zealand. In December 2016, Synergia was commissioned by ACC to conduct a process and outcome evaluation of the Mates & Dates programme. To support this work, Synergia has analysed the results of the 2015-2016 online survey, which was designed and implemented by another research provider. Drawing on the analysis of the survey data, this summary provides an overview of students' knowledge, attitudes and experiences after participating in the course and the level of change in knowledge reported by students after taking part in Mates & Dates. This analysis is then used to identify ideas for improving the programme, as well as aspects to further understand through future evaluation efforts. Students' knowledge, attitude and experiences This section identifies students' knowledge, attitudes and experiences relating to the key content areas of Mates & Dates. It also identifies areas where students feel that their knowledge and attitudes have improved through their participation in the course. Aspects of the course that are working well are identified in the infographics throughout the summary. This is followed by an overview of ideas for programme improvements. Overall, students feel that the course has improved their knowledge across the key content areas explored in the programme. Details: Auckland: Synergia Ltd, 2017. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 15, 2018 at: https://www.matesanddates.co.nz/assets/resources/synergia-survey-report-mates-dates-2017.pdf Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Dating Violence Shelf Number: 152939 |
Author: Housing New Zealand Title: Methamphetamine Contamination Housing New Zealand's Response Summary: This report discusses Housing New Zealand's past approach to methamphetamine contamination in its properties. The scope of the report is outlined in a letter from Housing New Zealand Board Chair Adrienne Young-Cooper to Hon Phil Twyford, Minister of Housing and Urban Development, dated 12 June 2018. The purpose of the report is to identify: - whether, and to what extent, any tenants were unfairly treated; - why Housing New Zealand applied the procedures it did; - what procedures were in place to determine and review Housing New Zealand's policies; and what assistance may be appropriate to address any unfairness that may have occurred to tenants. The report is structured in three parts which are described below. Part one - Housing New Zealand's policies and processes The first part of the report discusses the development of Housing New Zealand's governance and operational policies and processes in relation to methamphetamine in its properties. It responds directly to the questions above regarding Housing New Zealand procedures. Housing New Zealand's external operating environment including relevant available guidance from the Ministry of Health, the Residential Tenancies Act and the Tenancy Tribunal's approach is described. Part one also includes a chronology of how Housing New Zealand's policies and processes have evolved over time, and how these policies and processes were applied at various stages. A more detailed chronology is included in Appendix B. Part one concludes with an outline of the changes Housing New Zealand is putting in place to enable a more compassionate approach, with the objective of supporting vulnerable families to sustain their tenancies. Part two - Outcomes for tenants and properties The second part of the report discusses the outcomes of Housing New Zealand's past approach to methamphetamine contamination, for the people living in Housing New Zealand houses. It also includes high level information about the outcome for contaminated properties. The outcome of a review of a small number of cases is included, to determine whether there were any issues with how policies were applied with respect to individual tenants. Part three - Providing assistance to affected tenants The third part of the report considers whether there are any systemic issues in how Housing New Zealand has determined and implemented governance and operational policy in relation to methamphetamine contamination. It discusses options and recommended further steps to address unfairness that has occurred to current and former tenants Details: Wellington, NZ: Housing New Zealand, 2018. 188p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2018 at: https://www.hnzc.co.nz/assets/Publications/Corporate/Methamphetamine-contamination-response/Methamphetamine-Contamination-Housing-New-Zealands-Response-September-2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Housing Contamination Shelf Number: 153251 |
Author: Jury, Ang Title: "There was no other way out": Exploring the relationship between women's experiences of intimate partner violence and their self-harm, suicidal thoughts, and suicide events Summary: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been implicated in a sizeable number of deaths by suicide worldwide, representing a hidden form of lethality of this type of violence. However, there are very few New Zealand-specific studies that focus on the intersections between IPV and suicide, and none that explore the subjective experiences of women who have suffered both IPV and suicidal thoughts or attempts. This research consequently focuses on women's total experiences of abuse, violence, and suicidality, and, in particular, the ways that women who have been victims believe these experiences relate to one another. Our aims were twofold: to increase our knowledge of women's experiences of being both suicidal and a victim of intimate partner violence, and to identify opportunities for development in practitioners' responses to victims of intimate partner violence who have been or are suicidal. We used an online survey and the data of 1,257 respondents, analysed using both descriptive statistical analysis and qualitative content analysis. Respondents were predominately Pakeha, but almost 20 percent identified as Maori and over six percent as other ethnicities. The majority had children, and were aged 16-65. Nearly 25 percent identified with sexual orientations other than heterosexual. Most were women, but some identified as non-binary. The prevalence of reported experiences of abuse by someone other than an intimate partner in all categories (witnessing family violence, child sexual abuse, child physical abuse, child psychological abuse, neglect, rape or sexual assault as an adult, psychological abuse as an adult, physical assault as an adult, bullying, sexual harassment, and homophobia/biphobia/ transphobia) was disproportionately high, and less than 10 percent of respondents had not experienced any of these forms of abuse prior to beginning an intimate relationship with an abuser. Most respondents had experienced multiple forms of abuse in childhood, and outlined the ways in which these experiences collided, in addition to detailing aggravating factors accompanying this abuse. All respondents had been subjected to one or more categories of IPV, such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal abuse, psychological abuse, economic abuse, and spiritual/religious abuse. Their qualitative answers included descriptions of degradation, sexual violence, erosion of self-esteem, involving children as pawns, using formal systems to perpetuate violence, spiritual abuse, psychological and verbal abuse, violence during pregnancy, justifying violence using mental health challenges as an excuse, extreme physical violence, controlling and isolating tactics, the insidious beginnings of abuse, holding hostage, gaslighting, and economic abuse. Each category of abuse by someone other than an intimate partner was highly correlated to physical abuse, with between 74.60 percent and 81.12 percent of respondents who had experienced any single category of abuse by someone other than an intimate partner reporting physical abuse by an intimate partner. Conversely, other types of abuse or adversity were significantly associated with particular categories of IPV, particularly sexual assault and economic abuse. Most respondents had engaged in self-harm at some point. Methods they could choose from included 'cutting off contact with people that made them feel good' (51%), 'depriving themselves of food and water' (49.71%), 'seeking out sex they don't really want' (47.14%), 'cutting yourself with a knife or other sharp object' (43.57%), 'intentionally depriving yourself of activities that make you feel good' (40.14), 'pulling out your hair' (20.29%), and 'burning yourself' (12.43%). Respondents also listed other methods they had used. The majority of comments expanding on their reasons for engaging in self-harm linked this to their experiences of IPV. Self-harm methods also correlated to specific types of abuse respondents had experienced. All respondents had considered or attempted suicide. Many identified specific emotional experiences precipitating both their thoughts of suicide and their suicide attempts, and indicated whether these attempts occurred before, during, or after their relationships with their abusers. These emotional experiences were: 'believing you were worthless', 'not seeing any chance for a satisfying life ahead of you', 'not seeing any other way out of your situation', 'wanting to show other people how much you were hurting', 'having overwhelming feelings and using suicidal thoughts to cope with them', and 'having nightmares, flashbacks, or panic attacks that could only be managed by self-harm/suicide'. Feeling worthless was consistently reported as the most common precipitant (before, during, and after the relationship), but the second most common reasons varied temporally. Almost 50 percent had made at least one suicide attempt, and described a variety of methods through which this was attempted. Many outlined the contexts driving them to consider or attempt suicide, including feeling worthless, certain acts of (escalated) violence, the impacts of prior abuse, overwhelming emotion, unrelenting emotion, the hopelessness of their situations, relationship breakdowns, additional stressors, and unresponsive systems. While most had accessed professional help, they often perceived internal and external barriers to disclosure of either the violence or the suicidality; namely, shame, fear of judgement, belief that disclosure would make things worse, the risk of losing their children, and not wanting to be stopped. Conversely, being asked about their experiences and having support at the right time were regarded as encouraging disclosure. Respondents rated the perceived helpfulness of distinct informal and professional groups when receiving their disclosures, with child protection rated the least helpful overall and sexual violence agency workers (followed by domestic violence agency workers) rated as the most helpful on the Likert scale. Experiences of disclosure were pervaded by a sense of shame, by feelings of being unheard, and by the perception that recipients of disclosures were not genuinely interested. On the other hand, having people listen, take accounts seriously, offer belief, and provide practical and emotional support was invaluable to respondents. Seeking help for suicidality was often precluded by the dynamics of the IPV. Tactics used by abusers resulted in reduced self-esteem for the majority of respondents and discouraged help-seeking; however, many faced additional barriers such as abusers becoming angry when respondents attempted to speak about their feelings, being suspicious about who they spoke to, preventing them from seeing support people, and encouraging them to end their lives. Respondents often spoke about how the vulnerability they experienced was capitalised on by their abusive partners to perpetuate further abuse. There were some differences in Māori and Tauiwi experiences of abuse and adversity; chiefly in relation to rates of child sexual abuse, witnessing family violence in the home, and spiritual/ religious abuse. Maori were also more likely to have made a suicide attempt. Similarly, both LGB and transgender participants were disproportionately at risk of certain types of abuse, and were more likely than heterosexual and cisgender respondents to have attempted suicide. The intersections between early abuse, IPV, and suicidality can be partially understood in relation to the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) research, and through consideration of the multiplicity of altered pathways resulting from abuse. It is evident that every type of abuse and adversity is associated with adverse impacts, and that clusters of experiences exacerbate the severity of these impacts. Given the centricity of abuse experiences at all stages of respondents' journeys of survivorhood, it is imperative that the ways (and times) in which particular abuse experiences and emotional states influence suicidality are explored further by practitioners working with victims. This research showed that suicide was commonly regarded as a final escape or act of defiance. This compels consideration of the nature of 'resistance' as an important but multifaceted aspect of abuse survivors' experiences, and highlights the paramountcy of looking at the risk to self that acts of resistance may entail, in addition to the arguable benefits relating to the retention of the self during a relationship with an abuser. Finally, the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide may offer some benefit regarding the analysis of suicide risk specific to IPV survivors. It is premised on the assumption that ideation results from the combination of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness (both embedded within the experiences of many IPV survivors), but is then enabled by an acquired capacity to act on these feelings - believed to result from the habituation to pain and the prospect of death. This habituation can be argued to be clearly evident within the dynamics of (often progressively physically violent) relationships with abusers. From this research, four discrete areas for service improvement emerged: efforts to welcome disclosures, improving capacity to respond to multiple presenting challenges and to develop interagency practice, developing safety mechanisms that last beyond the scope of the relationship and the immediate practical needs presented at the end of a relationship, and redesigning services to better meet the needs of victims facing practical constraints to service access. Details: Wellington, NZ: National Collective of Independent Women's Refuges, 2018. 93p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2018 at: https://womensrefuge.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/There-was-no-other-way-out-Doc.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 153253 |
Author: New Zealand. Government Inquiry into Mental Health and Addiction Title: He Ara Oranga. Report of the Government Inquiry into Mental Health and Addiction Summary: Background The Government Inquiry into Mental Health and Addiction was announced early in 2018. The catalyst for the inquiry was widespread concern about mental health services, within the mental health sector and the broader community, and calls for a wide-ranging inquiry from service users, their families and whanau, people affected by suicide, people working in health, media, Iwi and advocacy groups. Purpose of Inquiry The purpose of this Inquiry is to: - hear the voices of the community, people with lived experience of mental health and addiction problems, people affected by suicide, and people involved in preventing and responding to mental health and addiction problems, on New Zealand's current approach to mental health and addiction and what needs to change - report on how New Zealand is preventing mental health and addiction problems and responding to the needs of people with those problems - recommend specific changes to improve New Zealand's approach to mental health, with a particular focus on equity of access, community confidence in the mental health system and better outcomes, particularly for Maori and other groups with disproportionately poorer outcomes. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Government, 2018. 219p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed Dec. 7, 2018 at: https://www.mentalhealth.inquiry.govt.nz/assets/Summary-reports/He-Ara-Oranga.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Drug Abuse and Addiction Shelf Number: 153934 |
Author: Manning, Sean Title: Increasing the Effectiveness of Stopping Violence Dunedin Programmes Summary: This document pulls together five strands of research. The first is a collection of demographic data concerning 502 participants who were referred to and attended programmes at Stopping Violence Dunedin (SVD) between July 2014-July 2015. The second project involved following up all Corrections Department referrals that could be traced through the appropriate systems by asking the Department for data on re-offending in the year following July 2015. The third strand is a focus group project describing conclusions gleaned from discussion in four focus groups drawn from the participants and facilitated by an external group leader. Fourth, a series of phone interviews using a structured interview template was conducted with a random sample of participants. The results were analysed for themes by an external researcher, who also designed the template. The fifth element is a clinical picture, obtained by using a Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire, of participants who attended programmes during Monday-Friday 14-18 November 2016. This latter was not part of the original research design, but deepens and adds to the significance of the results from the four other projects. Overall, stopping violence programmes seem to be effective in that lower recidivism rates are associated with programme completion. Specifically, participants report reduced anger and violence, better self-control, greater capacity for empathy and improvements in communication associated with social functioning and family relationships. The clinical data obtained from the one-week snapshot suggests elevated levels of distress above population norms. There are questions about alternative interpretations of results, and improved design for further study is suggested. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: Stopping Violence Dunedin Research Project, 2017. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 10, 2019 at: http://www.communityresearch.org.nz/research/increasing-the-effectiveness-of-stopping-violence-dunedin-programmes/ Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Anti-Violence Shelf Number: 154125 |
Author: Pacheco, Edgar Title: Image-based sexual abuse: A snapshot of New Zealand adults' experiences Summary: This snapshot report presents findings from a larger quantitative study about New Zealand adults' experiences of harmful digital communications. The report focuses on the prevalence of image-based sexual abuse (IBSA), and people's attitudes regarding different aspects of it. The findings described in this report are based on data collected from a nationally representative sample. Summary of findings - Overall, nearly 5% of adult New Zealanders said they have personally experienced image-based sexual abuse (IBSA) online. - IBSA is more common among young adults, especially those aged under 30. - In general, men and women were equally as likely to experience IBSA online, but the nature of the experiences differ. - About 4% had someone threaten to share their intimate pictures or videos online. This was more common among those under 30 years old. - Meanwhile, 3% said their intimate content has actually been shared online. This was higher among: - females aged 18-29 - those who do not identify as heterosexual, and - those who identify as Asian - The sharing of intimate content online without consent was most commonly done by an ex-partner or by a stranger. - Perceived reasons for IBSA vary, with females indicating it is done for revenge while males say it is intended as a joke or used for extortion. - 7 in 10 adult New Zealanders agree that those in a relationship should be aware of the risks associated with sharing intimate pictures with a partner. - People generally lack knowledge of how the law treats cases of IBSA or where to get advice to avoid becoming a target. - A small majority disagree that the risks of IBSA are overstated. Details: Wellington, NZ: Netsafe, 2019. 11p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2019 at: https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2019/01/apo-nid218086-1282116.pdf Year: 2019 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Digital Communications Shelf Number: 154485 |
Author: McLean, Christine Title: Health response to family violence : 2017 Violence Intervention Programme evaluation Summary: he Ministry of Health (MOH) Violence Intervention Programme (VIP) seeks to reduce and prevent the health impacts of family violence and abuse through early identification, assessment and referral of victims presenting to designated District Health Board (DHB) services. The Ministry of Health-funded national resources support a comprehensive, systems approach to addressing family violence, particularly intimate partner violence (IPV) and child abuse and neglect (CAN). This report documents three VIP evaluation work streams: (1) DHB programme inputs (system infrastructure indicators); (2) DHB outputs (Snapshot clinical audits of service delivery); and (3) DHB improvements (based on Model for Improvement Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles). In this report we focus on DHB data for the two periods 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016, and 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017. During this period, DHBs implemented the updated Family Violence Assessment and Intervention Guideline: Child Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence (2016). This report provides the Ministry, DHBs and service users with information and accountability data regarding VIP implementation. VIP contributed to government policies relevant during the evaluation period (2016-2017). These included the Cross-Government Family Violence and Sexual Violence Work Programme to reduce family and sexual violence, the NZ Government's Delivering Better Public Services, Supporting Vulnerable Children Result Action Plan, and the Ministry's Statement of Intent 2014 to 2018. Details: Auckland, New Zealand : Centre for Interdisciplinary Trauma Research, Auckland University of Technology, 2018. 99p. Source: Internet Resource: CITR report, 2018, no. 16: Accessed February 5, 2019 at: https://niphmhr.aut.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/226486/2017_VIP_Evaluation_Report_final.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 154490 |
Author: Pacheco, Edgar Title: Children's exposure to sexually explicit content: Parents' awareness, attitudes and actions Summary: This report presents findings from a larger quantitative study about parenting, digital technologies and online risks. It focuses on parents and caregivers' awareness and attitudes regarding their child's exposure to sexually explicit content online. The study was conducted in New Zealand based on a nationally representative sample. Summary of findings - Parents' main online concerns are their children sharing nudes of themselves, being treated in a hurtful way, and seeing sexually explicit content. - 1 in 5 parents said their children were exposed to sexually explicit content online in the prior year. - Parents reported children's exposure to sexually explicit content increased with age; and exposure to sexually explicit content was more common among boys. - The main reasons parents gave for their child's exposure to this content were: it popped up on the screen/device, curiosity, and accidental access. - 39% of parents said they stayed calm after finding their children were exposed to sexually explicit content while 22% were angry, and 10% ignored the situation. - Most parents believe they know what to do and say if their children access or are exposed to sexually explicit content. - After a situation occurred, most parents (72%) talked with their children about sexually explicit content on the internet. - Most parents are confident talking with their children about pornography, while 2 in 10 feel embarrassed. Over half said they discuss sex education and sexuality with their children, while 3 in 10 do not. - Half of parents know where to access information and resources about children and pornography, while 4 in 10 do not. Details: Wellington, New Zealand : Netsafe, 2018. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2019 at: https://www.netsafe.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Parents-and-Pornography-2018_10Dec2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Shelf Number: 154491 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry for Women Title: Insights into Digital Harm: The Online Lives of New Zealand Girls and Boys Summary: This research is the first of its kind in New Zealand to investigate gendered differences in online harm from the point of view of girls and boys. It establishes a gendered evidence base about digital harm experienced by young people in New Zealand. This research identifies promising directions and potential solutions to prevent and reduce digital harm. It does so by investigating young people's views about their use of digital technologies (such as online platforms); their experiences of harm online; what they currently do to prevent and reduce digital harm; and what they think will help in the future. Digital harm is a complex issue, and can take a variety of forms. The internet provide a space for a unique form of harassment that is easy to create and distribute and difficult to remove. Digital harm can have a very damaging impact on young people. For example, a 2013 research paper found that a third of participants reported electronic harassment in the prior year, with over 50 percent rating the harassment as distressing. Young people are still maturing and learning about the world, yet their technical expertise often outstrips that of the adults who seek to support them. We all need better answers as parents, caregivers, family whanau, teachers, friends, service providers and policy makers. This research helps us build the evidence base about what will help to prevent and reduce digital harm. Details: Wellington: The Authors, 2017. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2019 at: https://women.govt.nz/sites/public_files/Insights%20Into%20Digital%20Harm%20-%20Ministry%20for%20Women%20%20Netsafe_R3_v6b-Web.pdf Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Digital Communications Shelf Number: 154492 |
Author: Pacheco, Edgar Title: Teens and "sexting" in New Zealand: prevalence and attitudes Summary: The purpose of this report is to present the findings of the first quantitative study conducted in New Zealand about the sending, receiving, and requesting of nude or nearly nude images or videos through digital technology by young people. The study focused on teens aged 14-17 years old. Currently, public attention centres on the potential risks faced by young people sharing nude content online, and the apparent pervasiveness of this behaviour. However, statistical evidence explaining its extent among young people is non-existent. Arguably, this lack of reliable research about sexting contributes to the sense of alarmism in media coverage of the topic. This study helps to address this by undertaking a survey-based research project that collected data from a representative sample of New Zealand teens. The sharing of nudes, commonly referred as "sexting", is a complex and evolving behaviour. The rapid-changing nature of digital technologies is reflected in the ways people have adopted and adapted these tools for their everyday life activities. What started in the early to mid-2000s as the sending of explicit text-only phone messages has evolved to the sharing of mostly images and videos of nude content through different digital tools and platforms. Thus, the term "sexting" does not capture the scope of context and motivations surrounding these behaviours. This report uses variations of the term "sharing of nude content" defined in the following way: Any act or practice related to sending, receiving, requesting or being asked for mostly, but not always, self-generated nude or nearly nude images or video through digital tools and/or platforms. Such behaviour may arise for a range of reasons and contexts (e.g., consensual or non-consensual creation or sharing, relationship building, sexual self-exploration, volunteering an image, being asked for one, peer pressure, flirting, sexual exploration, coercion or extortion of content, intimidation and other abuse). Two specific objectives guided the study. The first objective was to gain an understanding of the prevalence and extent of sharing of nudes among teens aged 14-17 years old. Second, the study sought to identify differences in terms of gender, age, disability, and ethnic groups. The results of the study provide significant insights into New Zealand teens' experiences of the sharing of nudes. Strikingly, young people perceive that sharing nudes is a more common practice than it actually is. The findings also reveal some relevant differences in terms of gender, ethnicity, disability, and age groups. In some cases, these differences seem not only to confirm, but also to challenge, previous assumptions about teens' experiences and behaviours regarding the sharing of nude content. For example, the findings indicate a majority of young people are questioning these behaviours, and do so on the basis of an understanding of the motivations behind them. The findings suggest that teens find themselves part of a culture of sharing nudes; whether they are active, passive or peripheral participants. Details: Wellington, NZ: Netscape, 2017. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2019 at: https://www.netsafe.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SEXTING-NZ-Report-Dec-7-2017.pdf Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Digital Communication Shelf Number: 154493 |
Author: Sense Partners Title: Cyberbullying in New Zealand: Estimating societal costs Summary: The new report commissioned by Netsafe and undertaken by leading economist Shamubeel Eaqub provides an important new assessment of the damage from online bullying and harassment. To date, cyberbullying has been primarily understood in terms of social cost and personal harm. The report gives NZ a starting point to begin to understand the full impact of this behaviour here in New Zealand, and where to best focus interventions and responses. The survey commissioned for the report reveals that 1 in 10 NZ adults have personally experienced online harm, and that 64% of people are worried about the impact of cyberbullying and its effects on society at large. It highlights that cyberbullying has a much wider affect than the individual person being targeted and that more could be done to address the risks. Details: Wellington: Netscape, 2018. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2019 at: https://www.netsafe.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Cyberbullying-in-New-Zealand-Societal-Cost.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Bullying Shelf Number: 154494 |
Author: Carne, Sarah Title: Using systems thinking to address intimate partner violence and child abuse in New Zealand Summary: Key Messages - Systems thinking is recommended to address intimate partner violence (IPV) and child abuse and neglect (CAN) in New Zealand. - Systems thinking is an umbrella term that encompasses a range of ideas, methods and tools that focus on understanding system behaviour, emphasising the contextual nature of the problems we try to solve. It aims to affect transformational systemic change that is both sympathetic to existing needs and disruptive in terms of making changes aimed at positive outcomes. - Systems analysis helps build a collective understanding of the parts, and relationships between the parts, which leads to a view of the whole. - System designers often talk of bringing the whole system "into one room" since the capacity to understand and explore the issue are spread across the system. - The experiences of people directed impacted by a system play a critical part in understanding the system and in the design, implementation and review of any change process. - Systems tend to pivot around leverage points: places in the system that have a significant impact on system behaviours. These leverage points need to become the focus of interventions, targeting scarce resources where they will have the most effect in reducing the incidence and improving the response to IPV and CAN. Systems analysis also informs theories of change and helps identify measures and indicators. - Using systems thinking to address IPV and CAN requires transformational change and an enabling framework. This includes: - Government leadership and a strategic intent - Early and sustained collaboration across the system and integrated government and community level efforts - Infrastructure and processes to link and enable the various parts of the prevention and response system to work together - Effective stewardship including oversight, monitoring of outcomes and acting on shared learnings - A framework for measurement, monitoring and evaluation for the purpose of learning. Details: Auckland, NZ: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2019. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 13: Accessed February 7, 2019 at: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/NZFVC-issues-paper-13-systems-thinking.pdf Year: 2019 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 154513 |
Author: Pacheco, Craig Title: Online Hate Speech: A survey on personal experiences and exposure among adult New Zealanders Summary: Online hate speech has been a topic of public concern and research interest for some time. Initially the focus of this centred on the proliferation of online groups and websites promoting and distributing discriminatory content. Since the introduction of more interactive tools and platforms in the mid-2000s that enabled new and faster ways of disseminating content in a relatively anonymous fashion, concerns about online hate speech becoming a pervasive behavior have increased. Current research and analysis acknowledge the complex nature of online hate, the mediating role of technology and the influence of other contextual factors (e.g. social or political events). However, despite the growing attention on the topic, New Zealand-based research looking at personal experiences and/or exposure to online hate is surprisingly absent. This study seeks to address this gap. It builds on existing international research on young peoples experiences to explore those of the adult New Zealand population based on a nationally representative sample. The research instrument used for this study was an online survey. The survey was administered by Colmar Brunton in June 2018. The maximum margin of error for the whole population is 3.1% at the 95% confidence level. The sample is representative of the wider population on key demographics: age, gender, ethnicity, and location. Details: Auckland, NZ: Newsafe, 2018. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 15, 2019 at: https://www.netsafe.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/onlinehatespeech-survey-2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Cybercrime Shelf Number: 154633 |
Author: Paulin, Judy Title: Evaluation of Ministry-funded Domestic Violence Programmes Summary: An evaluation of the Ministry of Justice-funded domestic violence programmes captures useful insights about what helps and hinders participants, including what enables a positive outcome for Maori whanau. Some key findings of the report were: Non-violence programmes reduced reoffending in participant offenders. Non-violence programmes had a positive effect on participants and their whanau, including helping them understand their personal triggers and teaching them self-control. Participants in safety programmes felt safer and their mental health, self-confidence and sense of self-worth improved. Skilled facilitators were critical to participants' successfully engaging in a programme. Cultural knowledge, values, tools and practice models produced positive outcomes for Maori. Most participants in non-violence programmes completed them. The report also found ways the programmes could be improved including: Improve child victims' access to the safety programmes. Improve access to joint counselling services for couples who want to stay together. Independent oversight of the training of programme providers and family violence practitioners. Specialist training for interpreters. Details: Wellington, NZ: Artemis Research, 2018. 146p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 28, 2019 at: https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Publications/Domestic-violence-prog-evaluation-report-Nov2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 154785 |
Author: Gee, Linda Title: Breaking the web of silence: An exploration of Chinese women's experience of domestic violence in New Zealand Summary: Domestic violence is a serious social issue within New Zealand society. Asian immigrant women with domestic violence experiences often face specific socio-cultural challenges and barriers that hinder them from making sense of their experience, seeking help and accessing necessary intervention. In New Zealand, there is limited domestic violence research which focuses on the lived experience of women in Asian immigrant communities. This research attempts to fill this gap by exploring Chinese women's experience of domestic violence in New Zealand. It explores the dynamics of domestic violence in the context of family, community and immigration and the impact of violence on Chinese women's health and well-being. It examines the cultural and gendered factors which shape Chinese womens experiences and their help-seeking strategies. This research identifies barriers facing the women when they seek help from their informal and formal support networks. It also examines, from the Chinese women's perspective, the role of the Chinese community and statutory and community-based services in offering effective intervention to Chinese women. Five case studies based on semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of Chinese immigrant women's experience of domestic violence. The findings suggest that Chinese immigrant women are particularly vulnerable in domestic violence situations and the abuse has long term psychological implications for women's health and well-being. Traditional cultural beliefs and gender role expectations add extra potency to the husbands' power and control tactics over the women and their social support. Abused Chinese women are typically socially isolated. The multidimensional analysis shows that a combination of individual, interpersonal, cultural, contextual, and structural and community factors impact on Chinese immigrant women's ability to make sense of the violence and abuse and to employ help-seeking strategies. Majority of the women in this study utilised a mixture of formal and informal intervention. When the abusive situation reaches crisis point, they prioritised seeking help from informal support networks. Although the women's faith served as a coping strategy when dealing with the abuse, at other times, the women were re-victimised by religious leaders and faith community members. A safe and trusted community space is needed for Chinese women to share their experiences without being seen in a negative manner by outsiders. Community initiatives need to focus on community education and intervention that offers adequate assistance and support to Chinese women in domestic violence situations. Overall, the women had positive experiences when accessing various formal interventions. However, specific challenges and barriers that the women faced were also identified and discussed. Throughout their experiences, Chinese women gained critical consciousness and discovered positive strategies that helped them to heal from the abuse. This research provides recommendations for an integrated, co-ordinated and collaborative approach and community response to address domestic violence in the Chinese community. It also calls for culturally safe and culturally competent family violence services which meet the specific needs of Chinese women and their families Details: Hamilton, NZ: University of Waikato, 2016. 229p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 28, 2019 at: https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/10886 Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 154786 |
Author: Hughes, Geoff Title: A Spatial Analysis Of Assault Patterns In Entertainment Areas Throughout the Waikato using Geographic Information Systems Summary: Alcohol related violence has long been a matter of social concern. Recent studies investigating the association between assaults and alcohol have found that there are certain places and locations including bars, which are more commonly associated with assaults than other places. Using different spatial analysis techniques accommodated within a Geographic Information System (GIS) including point and choropleth density, Euclidean based distance measures, clustering analysis and geographically weighted regression, this study examines the association between bars and assaults in the Waikato region. It also seeks to explain the assault patterns around bars by various theories, namely the "Social Disorganisation Theory", "Routine Activity Theory" and the "Crime Potential Theory". The study determined that for the two year period (2008-2009) in the Waikato Police district there was clear evidence of higher assault levels being associated with areas of higher bar densities. In Hamilton's CBD there was a particularly strong relationship between assaults and bars where around 25% of all assaults took place within 10 metres of a bar and approximately half of all assaults took place within 50 metres of a bar. Over the study period, one mesh-block in Hamilton's CBD recorded approximately 45 assaults per square kilometre per week. Elsewhere in the Waikato, the study showed a reasonably strong relationship between assaults and bars at the coastal resorts of Whitianga, Raglan and Coromandel township. In these townships, there was a discernable, but lesser relationship to that of the Hamilton CBD, with around 15-25% of assaults taking place within 10 metres of a bar. The assault density in the centre of these coastal townships, as well as other townships throughout the Waikato was generally lower, recording 3-4 assaults per square kilometre per week. Suburban areas in Hamilton City showed similar assault densities to that recorded in the centre of townships throughout the Waikato. The study findings were found to be generally consistent with the Routine Activity and Crime Potential theories by conclusively demonstrating that place, in this instance, bars, and their location, influences the distribution of assaults. The study examined population characteristics only in respect of population density and its proxy, road density, but these variables were not found to be particularly accurate in predicting the distribution of assaults. Details: Hamilton, NZ: University of Waikato, 2011. 167p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed Feb. 28, 2019 at: https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/5590/thesis.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alcohol Related Violence Shelf Number: 154788 |
Author: Beattie, Christopher Title: Factors of Desistance in Violent Offenders: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Tai Aroha Programme Summary: The phenomenon of desistance from crime is central to the process of rehabilitation. This study examines desistance narratives from the Tai Aroha programme to identify the aspects of participation in a community-based special treatment unit that are effective from the perspective of participants. A review of desistance literature is presented in a New Zealand context. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to present common themes in 64 exit interviews of individuals who completed this programme over a period of 6 years. These themes were compared to the factors of desistance identified in the literature review. The three key concepts that emerged from this study as factors of desistance evident in the Tai Aroha programme were the Morphic Self, Family and Whanau, and Mindfulness. The concept of the Morphic Self is a perspective on the process of identity change as experienced by participants, and is a key product of this research. Three other factors were identified as prerequisites for successful completion of the programme that also therefore contribute to desistance: Motivation, Sobriety, and Peers and Support. Also identified from this research were aspects of the experience termed Elements of Influence, which are the facets of the participants, the programme and the interactions between the two that can be considered in order to improve the delivery of the programme and therefore promote desistance. A distinctive quality of the Tai Aroha programme that was influential in the successful promotion of desistance was its strong commitment to tikanga Maori and the incorporation of these cultural values into the lifestyle and therapeutic approaches adopted by the facilitators. Details: Hamilton, NZ: University of Waikato, 2018. 117p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed February 28, 2019 at: https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/12359/thesis.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Community-Based Programs Shelf Number: 154789 |
Author: Tairu, Karaitiana Title: Maori Teenage Sexting Statistics: Prevalence and Attitudes Summary: Summary of Findings Maori teenagers are more likely to receive unsolicited nude or nearly nude content and to be asked for nude content of themselves than any other ethnicity. Maori teenage girls are more likely to be the target of requests for their nudes, or receiving them from other people without request than any other ethnicity (based on all female statistics). Though the report did not differentiate ethnicity of disabled participants, disabled Maori girls are likely to be more vulnerable to receiving and being asked for nudes than non disabled girls (based on overall findings). XX Maori and Pasifika teens do not think sharing nude pictures of themselves is a good way to explore themselves as they grow up, compared to 20% more of NZ European/Pākehā teens who believe it is a good way to explore themselves. While a majority of all teens think that sending nudes is a problem, the minority who disagree: Maori, Pacific and Asian teens are three times less likely than NZ European/Pakeha to disagree. Sharing nudes is not commonly spoken about in Maori teen culture. Of about 240 Maori participants aged between 14-17 - Approximately 58 Maori teens have received unsolicited nude or nearly nude content. - Approximately 65 Maori teens were asked for nude or nearly nude content of themselves. - 110 Maori participants disagree with the following statement "Sending nudes is a good way to explore things about themselves as they grow up". - 36 Maori participants agree that rarely does sharing of nudes occur. - 67 Maori participants agree that sometimes sharing of nudes occur. - 91 Maori participants agree that nudes are often shared. - 48 Maori participants agree that is very often that sharing of nudes occur. - 110 Maori participants agree that sending nudes is a good way to explore things about yourself growing up. - Approximately 2 Maori participants do not consider the sharing of nude content online as a problem. Details: Christchurch, New Zealand: IpuSafe, 2018. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 3, 2019 at: http://www.taiuru.maori.nz/wp-content/uploads/Prevalence-and-attitudes-of-M%C4%81ori-teenagers-about-sexting.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Juveniles Shelf Number: 154757 |
Author: Senior, Angus Title: Organised Crime: Combating an elusive transnational threat Summary: Since the end of the Cold War; wide spread political, economic, social and technological changes have enabled organised criminal groups to develop transnational activities. Encouraged by the United States, the world has conceived transnational organised crime as a 'new' and serious security threat. The international community has acknowledged the inherent incapability of national strategies, alone, to combat transnational organised crime. Therefore, concerted efforts have been taken to develop a global and uniformed response. Efforts to combat transnational organised crime have been underpinned by a perceived necessity to protect national borders. This reaction is based on traditional, inaccurate, conceptions of organised crime, which focuses on structured, ethnically defined 'outsider' groups as a serious threat to security and the very fabric of society. This concept of organised crime is overly simplistic and fails to grasp the complexity of modern organised crime and its interaction with legal and illegal markets. Organised crime is a multifaceted phenomenon, characterised by loose networks of criminals, who are primarily motivated by profit and operate based on particular 'opportunities'. Strategies to combat organised crime have been preoccupied with traditional, repressive, criminal justice measures; at the expense of developing a comprehensive understanding of the root problems that allow illicit markets and organised crime to flourish, in communities and society in general. It is essential that the international community, through the United Nations, realistically assess the effectiveness of its current approach, to aid the development of comprehensive strategies for the future. New Zealand has taken promising steps to combat transnational organised crime. Although in its infancy, NZ has developed a comprehensive strategy which not only utilises traditional criminal justice tools, but also seeks to engage with communities to develop effective prevention measures. Details: Hamilton, NZ: University of Waikato, 2010. 189p. Source: Internet Resource; Thesis: Accessed March 4, 2019 at: https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/4324/thesis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Criminal Networks Shelf Number: 154791 |
Author: Malatest International Title: Formative evaluation report: Specialist Sexual Harm Services Summary: Background -- Budget 16 increased government investment in specialist sexual harm services. On 18 May 2016, government announced $46 million operating funding would be invested through Budget 2016 to design and implement new specialist sexual harm services (SSHS) and maintain existing services. The funding would be provided over four years with the aim of: developing a more effective integrated national system which delivers the right support and services that can reach more of the people who need them and by doing so reducing the impact of sexual harm and improving outcomes for individuals, families/whanau and communities. MSD funds four specialist sexual harm service streams Sexual harm crisis support services (SHCSS) that take a trauma-informed approach to service provision and include: call-out support, advocacy, crisis social work support, crisis counselling, advice, information, and links or referral to aligned services. Services for male survivors of sexual abuse (MSSA) that include peer support for male survivors of sexual abuse and their support networks. Services to address harmful sexual behaviours (HSBS) that include the delivery of information, assessment and treatment for nonmandated adults who have engaged in concerning or harmful sexual behaviour. A (multi-channel) National Sexual Violence Helpline - Safe to talk - He pai ki te korero: that provides 24-hour helpline support with other ways of engagement such as web-chat and text messaging. The Ministry of Social Development (MSD) has commissioned an evaluation of the changes from Budget 16 and beyond -- The evaluation aims to: assess the implementation of service development and outcomes of SSHS evaluate the changes in each separate provider initiative work-stream and the extent the services achieve the desired aims evaluate the extent the service changes improve access for people who need the services and reduce the impact of sexual harm. The evaluation team worked collaboratively with the MSD project team, specialist service providers and TOAH-NNEST to plan the evaluation. An overarching logic model provides the foundation for the evaluation and sets out the national level activities and outputs and how they align with service provider activities and outputs to achieve the desired outcomes. The evaluation includes a formative, process and an impact evaluation. This report is the formative evaluation report - the first evaluation report -- It describes the four specialist services funded by MSD to minimise the impact of sexual harm, and service providers' perspectives on what is working well and what is challenging. The report covers overall SSHS workforce demographics, confidence and competence in working with Maori and other cultural groups. Changes to the sector through Budget 16 preceded the start of the evaluation. Information to inform this report was sourced from: A review of relevant documents comprising Select Committee documents, iMSD evaluation plans and MSD background documents and workforce development plans. We also completed a limited review of the literature to inform the development of our evaluation plan. Interviews with 42 of 43 MSD funded specialist sexual harm service providers 31 SHCSS, eight MSSA services and three HSBS). Most interviews were completed in-person. It is important to note that services held multiple contracts with agencies and supported clients and whanau in a variety of ways. Services self-defined as kaupapa Maori or tauiwi services. An online survey of the specialist sexual harm provider workforce to describe the workforce and changes in the workforce in response to the additional funding for the sector. Service provider managers were asked to complete the surveys themselves and to send an invitation email and a link to the survey to their teams who worked on MSD funded SSHS for adults, including part-time and full-time permanent and contracted staff, administrators and volunteers. The survey was completed by 133 people. .... Details: Wellington: Ministry of Social Development, 2018. 101p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 2, 2019 at: https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/work-programmes/initiatives/family-and-sexual-violence/specialist-services/formative-evaluation-final-2019-01-30.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Counseling Services Shelf Number: 155272 |
Author: Simon-Kumar, Rachel Title: Ethnic perspectives on family violence in Aotearoa New Zealand Summary: Kay Messages: Violence directed against women in ethnic and migrant communities is prevalent across different age, sexuality and identity groups, but is under-reported. While there are similarities between violence against ethnic and non-ethnic women, violence in ethnic communities can take particular cultural forms, have distinct profiles of presentation, and arise from a specific constellation of risk factors. Risk factors for interpersonal violence against ethnic women are layered and encompass individual (e.g., language barriers, isolation), household (e.g., migration factors, employment conditions), community (gender norms, patriarchal values), and systemic (racism, colonisation, capitalist structures) factors. Help-seeking behaviours, along with reporting, are relatively infrequent in ethnic communities. In part, this silence may reflect shame and fear of the stigma from and towards their communities that may be associated with disclosing violence. Low levels of help-seeking may also reflect the limited formal and informal avenues available to ethnic and migrant women where they can safely disclose their experiences. Current interventions for violence against ethnic and migrant women take varied forms. Community-based specialist services alongside responsive 'mainstream' services have the potential to form an effective integrated intervention approach to addressing impacts of violence. Increasingly, there is recognition that services cannot be 'one size fits all' across ethnic and non-ethnic communities. Specific culturally-sensitive approaches and techniques need to be utilised to address the unique profiles of violence against ethnic and migrant women. Details: Auckland: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2019. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 14: Accessed April 16, 2019 at: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/NZFVC-issues-paper-14-ethnic-perspectives.pdf Year: 2019 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Ethnic Communities Shelf Number: 155426 |
Author: Mayhew, Pat Title: New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey: 2006 Summary: This report presents results from the 2006 New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey (NZCASS). The survey measured the amount of crime experienced by New Zealand residents over the age of 15 by asking them directly about criminal victimisation they had experienced since the beginning of 2005. The response rate was 59% for the main sample, and 56% for a booster sample of Maori. This survey is part of an ongoing research programme. The future work will provide important information about trends in crime from an alternative perspective to Police-recorded crime rates. Two previous victimisation surveys went under the title of the New Zealand National Survey of Crime Victims (NZNSCV). The first was in 1996, the second in 2001. Changes in survey design limit the comparisons that can be made between the NZCASS and the two earlier surveys. What the survey tells us -- The 2006 NZCASS offers a wide range of information. - It measures the amount of crime in New Zealand in 2005 by asking people directly about crimes they have experienced. The survey includes crimes not reported to the Police, so it is an important complement to Police records. Victims do not report crime for various reasons. Without the NZCASS, we would have no information on these unreported crimes. - It looks at the reasons that victims give for not reporting offences to the Police, and how well they thought the Police responded when they did report a crime. - It provides some comparisons with the 1996 and 2001 survey findings. However, because of changes in survey design, there are substantial limitations on some of these comparisons. - It helps identify those most at risk of different types of crime in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, etc. Police figures currently tell us little on this front. - It gives information on the nature of victimisation, such as its physical, financial and emotional effects Details: Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Justice, 2007. 124p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 4, 2019. Available from the Rutgers Criminal Justice Library. Year: 2006 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Analysis Shelf Number: 155661 |
Author: New Zealand Ministry of Justice Title: 2014 New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey: Main Findings Summary: The New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey (NZCASS) provides policy makers, researchers and the public with information about the extent and nature of crime and victimisation in New Zealand. The NZCASS is a nationwide, face-to-face survey of New Zealand residents aged 15 years and over. 6943 adults were interviewed between February and June 2014 about crime that happened in 2013. How much crime is there? - 1.9 million incidents of crime were identified in 2013 down 30% from 2.7 million in 2008. - 865,000 adults experienced 1 or more offences in 2013 - down 31% from 1.3 million in 2008. - While almost a quarter (24%) of adults in New Zealand experienced 1 or more household or personal incidents in 2013, over three quarters (76%) of adults experienced no crime. - 31% of adults said there was a crime problem in their neighbourhood - down from 35% in 2009. What is the nature of crime? - Offences committed against individuals (rather than households) make up the majority of crime in New Zealand. - A smaller percentage of people were considered chronic victims of crime in 2013 (3% of adults experienced 53% of all crime) than in 2008 (6% of adults experienced 52% of all crime). This means the concentration of crime has increased. - The crime rates for violent interpersonal offences decreased in 2013, compared with 2008. However, violent interpersonal offences continue to be the most common type of repeat victimisation. - 2% of adults were the victim of 1 or more sexual offences in 2013 - down from 3% in 2008. - 39% of violent interpersonal offences involved alcohol (either the offender, the victim or both were drinking). -18% of violent interpersonal offences involved a weapon. Who experiences crime? - Maori were more likely than the New Zealand average to experience all types of crime in 2013. It was still the case that Maori have higher victimisation than Europeans, even after both age and deprivation were controlled for. - People aged 65 and over were less likely to be the victim of crime, while those under 40 were more likely. - One-parent households were more likely than the New Zealand average to be the victim of 1 or more offences in 2013. - People experiencing financial hardship or living in more highly deprived areas were more likely to be the victim of crime than the New Zealand average. Details: Wellington: Author, 2016. 151p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 4, 2019 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Publications/NZCASS-201602-Main-Findings-Report-Updated.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Analysis Shelf Number: 155664 |
Author: Midson, Brenda Rosalie Title: Why did they do it? Moral sensibilities, motivating reasons, and degrees of moral blame in culpable homicide Summary: Humans have a long evolutionary history of violence. The psychological mechanisms underlying aggression can be viewed as "solutions" (albeit undesirable solutions) to any one of a number of adaptive problems that exist in social life. Sometimes that aggression takes the form of the killing of one person by another - in legal parlance this is homicide. This thesis contends that these adaptive "solutions" might explain why people commit homicide in certain circumstances. In this sense, these explanations broadly align with "motives" for certain types of homicide. In some cases, such motives might constitute justifications or excuses; in others, aggravating features. The criminal justice system in New Zealand is underpinned by an assumption of rationality which is not always supported in individual cases. As a result, the legal mechanisms for apportioning blame in cases of culpable homicide are insufficient to recognise the different degrees of moral blame which can exist when one individual kills another. Therefore, the current regime for determining moral blame leads to inconsistent outcomes for factually similar cases, contrary to the rule of law which requires equality before the law. This thesis considers whether changing the definitions of murder and manslaughter will allow courts to legitimately recognise all relevant mitigating (and aggravating) circumstances in determining guilt. It will also consider whether there are other options for reform that might better deliver justice in the round. If law is to be relevant, it must reflect current knowledge about why people act in the ways that they do. If the law does not reflect science, it moves too far away from the realities of the community. Looking at homicide through a "brain sciences" lens can give us a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms involved in homicide, and allow for the formulation of an evidence-based approach which leads to a better appreciation of the degree of moral blame involved in particular killings. From this it follows that the criminal justice system will be better placed to appropriately respond to those degrees of moral blame. Three types of cases, in particular, illustrate that presently not all defendants charged with homicide are treated consistently: young defendants who kill; victims of violence who kill their abuser; and defendants who kill children. Defendants within these categories might demonstrate the same degree of moral blame, but the outcomes in case disposition differ wildly; or outcomes may be the same for very different degrees of moral blame. Inconsistency of outcomes means that a fundamental requirement of the rule of law is absent - the requirement of equality before the law. When elements of the rule of law are not upheld, justice is not delivered. This thesis argues that if our legal system recognises, in its application, different degrees of moral blameworthiness, then it would be as well to be upfront about them: the court's "commiseration [should be] actually codified in the law". The thesis therefore recommends a series of statutory amendments to the law of culpable homicide, including the creation of a "degrees of culpable homicide" regime with attendant defences, as well as a range of lesser offences. Details: Hamilton, NZ: University of Waikato, 2018. 317p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 8, 2019 at: https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/12241/thesis.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Homicide Shelf Number: 155697 |
Author: Pacheco, Edgar Title: Digital Self-Harm: Prevalence, motivations and outcomes for teens who cyberbully themselves Summary: This research report presents findings from an exploratory study about the extent and nature of digital self-harm among New Zealand teens. Digital self-harm is broadly defined here as the anonymous online posting or sharing of mean or negative online content about oneself. The report centres on the prevalence of digital self-harm (or self-cyberbullying) among New Zealand teens (aged 13-17), the motivations, and outcomes related to engaging in this behaviour. The findings described in this report are representative of the teenage population of New Zealand by gender, ethnicity and age. Summary of findings -- - Overall, 6% of New Zealand teens have anonymously posted mean or negative content online about themselves in the past year. - Among those teens who engaged in digital self-harm, most did it more than once (65%). - Digital self-harm appears to be more prevalent among younger teenagers, those aged 13 and 14 years old. - Teenagers' top reasons for this behaviour were: making a joke, wanting to show resilience, looking for friends' sympathy, and seeking reassurance of friendship. - Girls and boys pointed out different reasons for engaging in digital self-harm: -- Girls reported wanting to show resilience, looking for friends' sympathy, and seeking reassurance of friendship. -- Meanwhile, for boys it was mainly about making a joke. - There is an indication that digital self-harm is more prevalent among teens experiencing one or more disabilities. - About a third of respondents (35%) said they achieved the outcome they looked for after digitally self-harming themselves. This was significantly higher for boys than girls. - Teens who did not self-harm believe that those who did it mainly look for peer attention and the sympathy from friends. Details: Wellington, NZ: Netscape, 2019. 11p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 15, 2019 at: https://www.netsafe.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Digital-self-harm-report-2019.pdf Year: 2019 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Bullying Shelf Number: 155850 |
Author: Controller and Auditor-General, New Zealand Title: Department of Corrections: Managing Offenders to Reduce Reoffending Summary: Most of us know someone who has been affected by crime. The goals of the Department of Corrections (the Department) are to improve public safety and reduce reoffending. This report sets out the findings of a performance audit that focused on the Department's work to reduce reoffending. We wanted to assess how well the Department is managing offenders to achieve this goal. The Department has set a target to reduce reoffending by 25% by 2017. Overall, this would result in 600 fewer reimprisonments, 4000 fewer community reconvictions, and about 18,500 fewer victims each year. The Department works in a challenging environment. It is responsible for managing more than 40,000 offenders at any one time. About 8500 are held in prisons, and about 32,000 are serving a community-based sentence or order. Many of the offenders the Department manages have high alcohol and drug dependencies, high mental health needs, low literacy and numeracy skills, and low job skills and qualifications. We found strengths in how the Department is working to reduce reoffending. The Department's approach to managing offenders is based on, and supported by, international research. It has a culture that values evidence. For example, the Department has placed increased focus on education, training, and employment opportunities for offenders, which research has shown to be effective in reducing reoffending. The Department also targets Maori offenders, who represent about half of all offenders in prison and 45% of offenders serving community-based sentences. The Department continuously assesses the effectiveness and efficiency of its interventions, learns from success and failures, and uses that information for improvements. The Department is to be commended for its evidence-based approach. The Department is increasing the number of programmes that work and is putting systems and tools in place to better manage offenders to reduce the likelihood of reoffending. However, it faces some challenges in scheduling offenders into programmes and ensuring the successful transition of prisoners into the community. The Department will need to continue working on the challenges it faces to maintain and enhance the effectiveness of its approach. We have made recommendations to assist the Department in addressing some of these challenges: efficiently and effectively scheduling offenders into programmes for example, having a scheduling system that provides a structured day for offenders and supports rehabilitation and reintegration once an offender has completed rehabilitation; continuing to strengthen the alignment between prisons and community probation in particular, how case managers in prisons and probation officers work together to better transition offenders from prisons into the community; and being more consistent in getting feedback from offenders and stakeholders. The Department carried out a range of structural changes in 2012 to unify its effort to reduce reoffending. It moved leadership and decision-making to the regions and brought together the management of prisons, community probation, and rehabilitation and reintegration services under a unified regional management structure. The Department also has a clear strategy that staff understand well. The Department has clearly defined what it wants to achieve and how its work contributes to reducing reoffending. In 2009, my Office carried out a performance audit that looked at the Department's compliance with its procedures for managing offenders. The report of that audit made several recommendations. To the Department's credit, the changes it has made have extended beyond the recommendations of our 2009 report. The Department still has some way to go to achieve its target of reducing reoffending by 25% by 2017. It has made a good start and has achieved encouraging early results, particularly with community-based offenders. In the last two years, the reoffending rate has reduced from 30.1% to 26.6%. However, the Department manages some very difficult people and will never be able to stop all reoffending. It is important that the Department builds on its successes so far. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: Controller and Auditor-General, 2013. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 22, 2019, at: https://www.oag.govt.nz/2013/reducing-reoffending/docs/reducing-reoffending.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Community Probation Shelf Number: 156000 |
Author: Blake, Vicktoria Marie Title: The E-Waste Management Behaviours of Household Consumers in Whangarei, New Zealand Summary: E-waste is known to have detrimental environmental, social and economic impacts, and its volume is growing up to three times faster than any other waste stream. Despite this growing problem, and the concurrent increase in detrimental impacts, New Zealand relies on voluntary schemes to manage the estimated 98,000 tonnes of e-waste generated in the country annually. While New Zealand could apply mandatory product stewardship of e-waste under the Waste Minimisation Act 2008, a recent report argued that there was insufficient data available to meet the requirements to enforce the labelling of e-waste as a priority product. This research aimed to generate first-time data on Whangarei household e-waste options, knowledge and behaviours, to inform e-waste management policy, resources and services which could be specifically designed for the district, with the intention that it would work towards providing sufficient data to allow for the mandatory product stewardship of e-waste. Research was conducted by way of online survey which asked Whangarei District residents questions specifically relating to how their households managed e-waste, and what influenced these management decisions. The survey was informed by international literature on the subject, as well as a review local and central government policies, and of the e-waste management resources services available both in the Whangarei District and in New Zealand as a whole. The research found that in the Whangarei District, cost and lack of knowledge of the services available are barriers to engagement in e-waste recycling, similar to international findings. However, contrary to international literature, general recycling behaviours and sociodemographic factors did not significantly influence e-waste behaviours in the district. The research also found that only 1.8% of the estimated e-waste generated in the Whangarei District each year was being recycled through the municipal services available. This figure could be improved via mandatory product stewardship at best, or e-waste recycling goals being set by the district council enable steps towards better services, resources and infrastructure at the very least. Whangarei and New Zealand as a whole are a long way from the appropriate management of e-waste. It is hoped this research, coupled with other information already available in the field, will allow the planning stage to begin toward adaptation to appropriate e-waste management, encompassing the waste hierarchy principles, if not nationally, then at least in the Whangarei District. Details: Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey University, 2018. 217p. Source: Internet Resource Thesis: Accessed May 23, 2019 at: https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/14248 Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: E-Waste Shelf Number: 156037 |
Author: New Zealand Ministry of Justice Title: New Zealand Crime and Victims Survey: Key Findings Cycle 1 Summary: This report provides detailed insights and analysis of the New Zealand Crime and Victims Survey (NZCVS) results. It extends the topline report released in December 2018. The report contains mostly descriptive statistics. It does not include analysis of relationships between variables. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Justice Crime and Victims Survey, 2019. 148p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 28, 2019 at: https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Publications/NZCVS-A4-KeyFindings-2018-fin-v1.1.pdf Year: 2019 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Survey Shelf Number: 156083 |
Author: New Zealand. Worksafe Title: Preventing and Responding to Bullying at Work Summary: Guide for persons conducting a business or undertaking on how to minimise and deal with bullying at work. These guidelines are an update to the 2014 guidelines Preventing and Responding to Workplace Bullying. The update was initiated due to the introduction of the Health and Safety at Work Act of 2015. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Government, 2017. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 29, 2019 at: https://worksafe.govt.nz/topic-and-industry/bullying-prevention-toolbox/bullying-at-work-advice-for-small-businesses/ Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Bullying Shelf Number: 156079 |
Author: Controller and Auditor-General, New Zealand Title: New Zealand Police: Dealing with Dwelling Burglary - Follow-up Audit Summary: Dwelling burglary is an invasive crime. It occurs often, and is a cause of concern for many New Zealanders. Victimisation surveys indicate that many of us fear being burgled. Reducing the number of dwelling burglary crimes is a priority for the New Zealand Police (the Police). In 2001, we looked at how the Police deal with dwelling burglary. In this follow-up report, we examine the progress and changes made by the Police. We used a case study approach, and carried out our fieldwork in 4 diverse Police Areas. (Nationally, there are 12 Police Districts. Each District includes several Police Areas, which are local operational units of the Police.) We also reviewed documentation, and interviewed Police staff at the Office of the Commissioner and in the Royal New Zealand Police College. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: Controller and Auditor-General, 2006. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 30, 2019 at: https://www.oag.govt.nz/2006/burglary/new-zealand-police-dealing-with-dwelling-burglary-follow-up-audit Year: 2006 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Case Study Shelf Number: 155977 |
Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Transport Title: Discussion Document: Enhanced Drug Impaired Driver Testing Summary: This Discussion Document seeks feedback on options for enhancements to the process for testing drug impaired drivers in New Zealand. It does not represent Government policy nor does it predetermine the options the Government may consider when making final decisions. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Ministry of Transport, 2019. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 4, 2019 at: https://www.transport.govt.nz/assets/Import/Uploads/Research/Documents/Cabinet-Papers/3430b678ac/UNISCS-Interim-progress-report-on-the-Upper-North-Island-Supply-Chain-Strategy_Final-v2.pdf Year: 2019 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Driving Under the Influence Shelf Number: 156176 |
Author: Te Uepu Hapai i te Ora - Safe and Effective Advisory Group Title: He Waka Roimata: Transforming our Criminal Justice System Summary: The purpose of the Advisory Group is to engage in a public conversation about what people in New Zealand want from their criminal justice system and to canvass a range of ideas about how the criminal justice system can be improved. The members are the Hon Chester Borrows QSO, Dr Jarrod Gilbert, Quentin Hix, Dr Carwyn Jones, Professor Tracey McIntosh, Ruth Money, Shila Nair, Julia Amua Whaipooti and Dr Warren Young QSO. Details: New Zealand: Te Uepu Hapai i te Ora - Safe and Effective Advisory Group, 2019. 76p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 19, 2019 at: https://www.safeandeffectivejustice.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/fa55462d44/teuepureport_hewakaroimata.pdf Year: 2019 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Shelf Number: 156534 |
Author: New Zealand Ministry of Justice Title: Justice Sector: Population Report Summary: This is the second population report from the justice sector. The report is based on a projection model, which provides an overview of the amount of future crime that is likely to be committed by distinct groups in the New Zealand population. Information from the model is combined with international and New Zealand research to provide comprehensive evidence on the most effective ways to prevent crime in New Zealand. Our model estimates the likelihood of future crime for different groups in New Zealand. The population is described in nine 'segments', which are grouped by age, service use, and risk of offending. This segmentation supports a strategic view about the balance of activities to prevent crime and provides the big picture view to help support decisions about which groups to focus on in detail. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Ministry of Justice, 2018. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 21, 2019 at: https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Publications/2017-Population-report.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Crime Trends Shelf Number: 156558 |
Author: New Zealand. Office of the Prime Minister's Chief Science Advisor Title: Every 4 Minutes: A Discussion Paper on Preventing Family Violence in New Zealand Summary: Every 4 minutes is the third in a series of reports (Using evidence to build a better justice system: The challenge of rising prison costs and It's never too early, never too late: A discussion paper on preventing youth offending in New Zealand) related to the criminal-justice system, as the cumulative effects of family violence and child maltreatment are associated with later criminal-justice involvement, as well as negative physical and mental health effects. 1. Family violence includes child maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, or neglect), intimate-partner violence (physical, sexual, or emotional violence from a partner or ex-partner) and intrafamilial violence (between siblings, adult children to parents and other violence between relatives). It used to be called "domestic violence". 2. Exposure to family violence has a substantial impact. The immune system, nervous system, and metabolic systems of young children are affected by the stress of family violence, often affecting physical and mental wellbeing for life. Managing feelings (especially aggression), understanding others, and problem-solving skills can all be hampered by the extremely high levels of stress that children feel. Increased child anxiety and trauma symptoms are common. 3. Parenting is affected by family violence, damaging parents' ability to nurture their children in the way they desire. Intergenerational transmission of violence, neglect, and maltreatment is far too common but not inevitable. If both partners have been abused in childhood, and witnessed violence between their own parents, the chances that their adult relationships will be violent are increased. 4. Intimate-partner violence is the leading cause of murder of women and the most common type of violence that women experience. At least one third of New Zealand women experience physical or sexual violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime, rising up to more than half when psychological/emotional abuse is included. Partner violence can be mutual and men report being victims of physical (14%) and psychological (47.3%) violence in their relationships. There can be physical injury, chronic disorders, pain, and mental health consequences from intimate-partner violence. Non-physical violence, such as controlling behaviour, intimidation, verbal abuse, and threats, also causes severe harm. 5. One in four women from New Zealand high-income households experience physical or sexual intimate-partner violence in their lifetime; at least one in 10 New Zealand men have experienced childhood sexual abuse. Reports to police of intimate-partner violence and childhood sexual abuse represent a tiny proportion of what occurs. 6. Early intervention and a life-course approach (understanding the stages of physical, mental, emotional, social, and cultural development that we all experience) can reduce harm in many life domains. Holistic, early support for children and families is needed. It is vital that services work well together and with those affected to provide early intervention. 7. Despite the well reported lack of whanau violence before colonisation, Maori are now highly exposed to it. The trauma of colonisation has had an intergenerational effect on Maori, who experience disproportionate rates of family violence, combined with other negative social effects of racism, discrimination, and dislocation, alongside strengths and resilience factors that endure. Programme design, implementation, and evaluation must be in accord with a Maori worldview, informed by relevant science. 8. High rates of family violence in Pacific communities also need to be tackled by culturally appropriate approaches, with proper understanding of the social and cultural drivers of trauma and discrimination. 9. We lack skills and resources to respond to family violence in diverse communities, including children and adults with disability, refugees and migrants, and LGBTQI people, all of whom can be at risk of family violence and child maltreatment. 10. Reasons for staying in violent relationships are diverse and complex including that you have come to think of abuse as normal, there is unequal power and control in the relationship, shame and secrecy, limited social and financial resources to get away, you need to protect and provide for children, you hang on to hope that things will change, and you know that leaving may be lethal to you and your children. As a community, we need to be better at finding ways to be available, take notice, reach out, and help. 11. Resilience and recovery from the effects of family violence can emerge as a result of individual characteristics, supportive attachments, non-violent role models, and wider community support. Increasingly, the child or family's wider environment is seen as the key to resilience - environments cause children to change for the worse, so environments need to be changed for the better. 12. Prevention of family violence is possible. International and local evidence shows that family violence can be prevented by wider social understanding of the importance of childhood, thereby reducing all forms of adverse experiences in early life. We need to challenge social norms that relate to violence; not allow economic disadvantage to hamper non-violence; build workforce capacity in prevention and intervention; and enhance support for skilled parenting, quality early childhood care and education, and, where necessary, intervention for individual children and families (see Table 1). These areas must be culturally interpreted - they are broad categories of action that need to be led by appropriate communities. As a series on global research in the leading scientific publication, The Lancet, explains: The science is clear and the evidence convincing that our earliest experiences matter...We must draw on this knowledge to take action to support parents, caregivers, and families in providing the nurturing care and protection that young children deserve. (Quote from p. 100: Britto PR, Lye SJ, Proulx K, et al. Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development. The Lancet 2017; 389(10064): 91-102.) Details: Auckland, New Zealand: Office of the Prime Minister's Chief Science Advisor, 2018. 65p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 21, 2019 at: https://cpb-ap-se2.wpmucdn.com/blogs.auckland.ac.nz/dist/6/414/files/2018/11/Every-4-minutes-A-discussion-paper-on-preventing-family-violence-in-New-Zealand.-Lambie-report-8.11.18-x43nf4.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Child Abuse Shelf Number: 156559 |
Author: Jury, Ang Title: Pet Abuse as Part of Intimate Partner Violence Summary: The intersection between the abuse of women and children at the abuse of pets has long since been established, but less has been known about the role that the abuse of women's pets plays in their experiences of intimate partner violence. Accordingly, this research aimed to explore victims' experiences of the abuse of their pets, and how this influenced their attempts at seeking safety. Pets represent close and affectionate relationships for many victims. The affection that victims held for their pets was frequently exploited by intimate partners, who threatened or carried out abuse against victims' pets as a way to demonstrate force and induce compliance. This abuse directed at victims' pets both delayed and in many cases precluded their attempts to leave the abuser, and led to significant suffering both by pets and by the primary victim of the abuse. The motivations driving abusers' use of violence towards pets can arguably be understood as indicative of underlying abusive intentions towards women. Three distinct motivations were interpreted from this research - control and intimidation, assertions of supremacy, and silencing of disclosures. These, in addition to their paralyzing impacts, have important ramifications for domestic violence work. In addition, the role that pets unwittingly play as pawns of the abuser highlights the need for tailored services to be offered to them as additional (and pivotal) victims of the abuser. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: National Collective of Independent Women's Refuges, 2018. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 12, 2019 at: https://www.petrefuge.org.nz/assets/e4aabeb185/2018-Womens-Refuge-Research1.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Abuser Shelf Number: 156966 |
Author: Burmester, Bridget Title: Rapid Evidence Review to Inform Post-Crisis Support Services for Victims of Sexual Violence Summary: This rapid evidence review was completed to provide the Ministry of Social Development (MSD) with a summary of the available evidence about the nature and effectiveness of post crisis support services for victims/survivors of sexual violence. The key question to be answered in this review was: What does the evidence say about the nature and effectiveness of post-crisis services for helping victims/survivors of sexual violence recover from its negative impacts? The agreed method was a rapid narrative review of accessible academic and grey literature. The review synthesises and summarises findings from the available identified evidence, and does not include consideration of other factors in decision-making such as cost and alternative options. Key findings of the review included: - International guidelines and evidence recommend the provision of support beyond an initial crisis response, and the ability of these services to cater for a range of victims'/survivors' needs. Both an immediate and ongoing responses are necessary for optimal outcomes. - For victims/survivors with severe and complex needs such as post-traumatic stress symptoms, clinical therapies including cognitive behavioural therapies have the strongest evidence of effectiveness, particularly when delivered individually rather than group-based, and over a sufficient period of time (at least 4-5 months). - Non-clinical services such as supportive counselling and advocacy services are well-received by clients with less severe needs, and help to support clients through service interactions and connect with other supports. However these services do not have clear evidence of effectiveness at reducing psychological distress symptoms, and still need to be individualised for different needs. - Both clinical and non-clinical services need to be delivered by staff with specialist training in sexual violence. Clear referral pathways also increase the effectiveness of post-crisis support services. - Evidence is mixed regarding the optimal service model for post-crisis support services. A coordinated response across a variety of service providers is one promising option, as is supporting informal supports (eg victim's/survivor's family, whānau and friends). - Evidence was limited and often related only to subgroups of potential victims/survivors. Further evaluation and investigation of promising approaches is recommended in order to strengthen the evidence base in this field. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Social Development, 2019. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 12, 2019 at: https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/work-programmes/initiatives/family-and-sexual-violence/specialist-services/rapid-evidence-review-may-2019.pdf Year: 2019 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Intimate Partner Violence Shelf Number: 156967 |
Author: Retail New Zealand Title: 2017 Retail Crime Survey Summary: Retail crime is a huge issue for the retail sector - costing the nation an estimated NZ Dollars 1 billion a year in losses. Ultimately, these costs are borne by consumers, so it's in everyone's interests to be working together to get crime under control. We are particularly concerned that criminals are becoming increasingly organised, brazen and violent. We don't want to see retail employees or customers put at risk by criminal behaviour. Our goal is to reduce retail crime, by working in partnership with our members, the Police, and other organisations with an interest in crime prevention; and for there to be real consequences for those involved in retail crime. We're calling for the Government to adopt a three point action plan for change, including: - funding a Retail Crime Taskforce within the Police, and setting clear targets for retail crime reduction; - funding a social change programme to change attitudes towards crime and anti-social behaviour; and - introducing a new infringement notice penalty for low-value offending. Details: Wellington, New Zealand: Retail New Zealand, 2018. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 18, 2019 at: https://www.retail.kiwi/system/resources/W1siZiIsIjIwMTcvMTIvMDcvNG9iNnh4ODY2X1JldGFpbE5aX1JldGFpbENyaW1lU3VydmV5UmVwb3J0LnBkZiJdXQ/RetailNZ-RetailCrimeSurveyReport.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand Keywords: Employee Theft Shelf Number: 157017 |